An examination of racial classifications from around the world indicates that
A.all cultures classify races similarly.
B.the classification of racial types is an arbitrary, culturally specific process.
C.the best racial classifications are based solely on phenotypical traits.
D.the best racial classifications are based solely on genotype.
E.the best racial classifications are based on both genotype and phenotype.
When a tenant farmer gives 20 percent of his crop to his landlord, he is allocating
resources to a
A.social fund.
B.subsistence fund.
C.ceremonial fund.
D.replacement fund.
E.rent fund.
Most anthropologists are employed in
A.the business sector.
B.international organizations.
C.colleges and museums.
D.nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).
E.government.
________ refers to processes that are causing nations and people to be increasingly
interlinked and mutually dependent.
A.Acculturation
B.Diffusion
C.Globalization
D.Enculturation
E.Independent invention
A political system ruled by men in which women have inferior status is a(n)
A.matriarchy.
B.patriarchy.
C.patrilocality.
D.patrilineality.
E.anarchy.
The term ________ refers to a unilineal descent group whose members claim, but
cannot demonstrate, common descent from an apical ancestor.
A.clan
B.lineage
C.extended family
D.family of procreation
E.family of orientation
Autochthony most likely plays a role in
A.urban planning.
B.mass media.
C.finance.
D.health care reform.
E.immigration policies.
Sociolinguists study
A.bipedalism.
B.speech in its social context.
C.the universal grammar of language.
D.cognitive capacity for language.
E.cross-cultural phonemic distinctions.
Ascribed status is a
A.status that a person has little or no choice about occupying.
B.status that a person chooses.
C.status that a person earns, as when a successful law student becomes a lawyer.
D.position of dominance in a society.
E.status based on standardized test scores.
Individuals do NOT learn culture through
A.genetic transmission.
B.unconscious acquisition.
C.observation.
D.direct instruction.
E.conscious acquisition.
In theory, a biological race would be a(n) ________ isolated subdivision of a species.
A.categorically
B.culturally
C.biologically
D.ancestrally
E.geographically
________ is the most important factor in determining an individual’s power and
prestige in a state.
A.Personality
B.Socioeconomic class
C.Speaking ability
D.Anthropomorphism
E.Physical size
The greatest obstacle to slowing climate change is the problem of
A.curbing population growth.
B.providing enough food.
C.ensuring that each culture is considered in any plan to halt climate change.
D.stopping deforestation.
E.meeting energy demands.
________ is a priority issue to the Malagasy, the people of Madagascar.
A.Human poverty
B.Lemur extinction
C.Deforestation
D.Getting local television programming that reflects their culture
E.Lemur interference at airports
Core nations generally do NOT
A.represent the dominant structural position in the world system.
B.consist of the strongest and most powerful states.
C.have advanced systems of production.
D.have complex economies.
E.have less control over world finance than do semi-periphery nations.
The best examples of pantribal sodalities existed among societies in
A.Melanesia.
B.Polynesia.
C.the Great Plains of North America.
D.southern Europe.
E.Papua New Guinea.
Humans do NOT share such features as ________ with other primates.
A.opposable thumbs
B.an enlarged brain-to-body ratio
C.depth perception
D.parental investment in offspring
E.habitual bipedalism
________ is the dominant intervention philosophy today.
A.Neoclassicism
B.Neoimperialism
C.Neosocialism
D.Neocommunism
E.Neoliberalism
Modern colonialism began
A.in the aftermath of World War II.
B.with the fall of Rome.
C.during the European “Age of Discovery.”
D.because of the Bolshevik Revolution.
E.at the end of the Seven Years’ War.
The largest religion in the world, in terms of number of practitioners, is
A.Buddhism.
B.Islam.
C.Judaism.
D.Hinduism.
E.Christianity.
________ refers to the tendency to view less-developed countries as more alike than
they are.
A.Cultural relativism
B.Ethnobias
C.Over-innovation
D.Under-differentiation
E.Intervention philosophy
________ is a characteristic of most foraging societies.
A.Social stratification
B.Sedentism
C.Egalitarianism
D.Irrigation
E.Large population
Mass production gave rise to a culture of
A.competitiveness.
B.consumption.
C.creativity.
D.instant communication.
E.expansion.
Rathje’s garbology project
A.studies the stratification of landfills.
B.is archaeology of modern people.
C.answered the question why people leave things behind for archaeologists to find.
D.is a study of potsherds.
E.was conducted in ancient Egypt.
The study of sounds used in speech is
A.historical linguistics.
B.sociolinguistics.
C.phonology.
D.morphology.
E.ebonics.
The ________ has worked within the United Nations to support indigenous rights.
A.Working Group on Indigenous Populations
B.International Union for Indigenous Rights
C.Supporters of Indigenous Peoples of Postsoviet Countries
D.Intergovernmental Panel on Indigenous Rights
E.United States Corps of Engineers
States require specialized functions, including
A.a judiciary.
B.fiscal support.
C.population control.
D.enforcement.
E.All these answers are correct.
Cross-cultural studies indicate that
A.men contribute much more to subsistence than women do.
B.a gender-based division of labor is very uncommon.
C.in most societies, women tend to be the primary child caregivers.
D.women generally are less restricted than men are with respect to premarital and
extramarital sex.
E.men never contribute to child care.
According to Aihwa Ong, spirit possession of female factory workers in Malaysia is
A.an example of the interrelatedness of religion and economy.
B.an unconscious protest against stressful and exploitive working conditions.
C.the result of a gender-based division of labor, which is unique to Malaysian society.
D.a reflection of the workers’ gratitude for having been hired.
E.an example of negative reciprocity.
When studying a culture today, anthropologists
A.must focus on one site at one point in time.
B.will not take photos of their informants due to privacy laws.
C.try to find cultures that have never been contacted by another culture.
D.must consider power differentials and how they affect cultures.
E.only study cultures with no access to television.
________ are the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States.
A.Anglo-Americans
B.Hispanics
C.African Americans
D.Asian Americans
E.Native Americans
The postwar baby boom of the late 1940s and 1950s
A.fueled the general expansion of the American educational system, including
academic anthropology.
B.promoted renewed interest in applied anthropology during the 1950s and 1960s.
C.brought anthropology into most high school curricula.
D.produced a new interest in ethnic diversity.
E.brought an end to the world system.
________ disease theories might attribute a person’s illness to the consumption of hot
or cold substances under the wrong conditions.
A.Personalistic
B.Naturalistic
C.Biomedical
D.Emotionalistic
E.Tribal
________ refers to the specialized set of terms and distinctions that are particularly
important to certain groups.
A.Syntactical vocabulary
B.Spatial vocabulary
C.Focal vocabulary
D.Vernacular vocabulary
E.Temporal vocabulary