After being gently scolded for taking a toy away from his cousin, 20-month-old Rainer
lowers his eyes, hangs his head, and hides his face with his hands. Rainer is expressing
A)envy.
B)shame.
C)pride.
D)empathy.
Three-year-old Sasha makes a structure out of toy blocks. Sasha is engaging in
__________ play.
A)make-believe
B)parallel
C)constructive
D)functional
Reflexes can help parents comfort a baby because they
A)are permanent, natural responses to stimulation.
B)remind the infant of its life in the womb.
C)reduce crying and promote sleep.
D)permit infants to control distress and amount of stimulation.
Research on pragmatics shows that by age 2, most children
A)adjust their speech to fit the age, sex, and social status of their listeners.
B)take turns in face-to-face interactions and respond appropriately.
C)are able to maintain a topic over long periods of time.
D)adapt their language to social expectations.
Which of the following statements about HIV and AIDS is true?
A)AIDS symptoms typically emerge 3 to 5 years after HIV infection.
B)It is twice as easy for a female to infect a male with HIV as for a male to infect a female.
C)The incidence of HIV infection among people under age 30 in the United States is low.
D)One-fifth of U.S. HIV cases are young people between ages 13 and 24.
Kailani is highly peer-oriented and has a history of unstable friendships, aggression, and
delinquency. Kailani’s parents most likely
A)exert appropriate oversight.
B)are warm and supportive.
C)exert either too much or too little control.
D)have an authoritative child-rearing style.
Infants’ emotional expressions are
A)consistent across cultures and emerge in stagelike sequences.
B)easy for researchers to categorize because they are clearly recognizable.
C)hardwired at birth, and their responses to emotional cues are automatic.
D)closely tied to their ability to interpret the emotional cues of others.
Maria is a Mexican-American teenager who feels a strong sense of ethnic group
membership and has adopted values from both her subculture and her dominant culture.
Maria is displaying
A)a bicultural identity.
B)an ethnic identity.
C)acculturative stress.
D)identity confusion.
Chen, a preschooler, is most likely to view the mind as a(n)
A)active machine.
B)constructive agent that interprets information.
C)passive container of information.
D)constantly spinning wheel.
Dynamic systems theorists emphasize that
A)children are driven mainly by instincts and unconscious motives.
B)different skills vary in maturity within the same child.
C)sensitive periods are key to understanding development.
D)development can be best understood in terms of its adaptive value.
Which of the following statements about the role of physical attractiveness and the timing
of puberty in Western society is true?
A)The ideal female image is a girlish shape that favors the early developer.
B)The ideal male image is a muscular shape that favors the late developer.
C)The ideal male image is a muscular shape that favors the early developer.
D)Both the ideal male and female image favor early-maturing teens.
Nicole is considering sending her 8-month-old son Austin to a new academic learning
center where infants are trained with letter and number flash cards. You can advise Nicole
that
A)Austin will likely score 10 to 15 points higher in IQ than agemates who attend
traditional early childhood programs.
B)although this program will not likely raise Austin€s IQ, it will probably help him learn
to read more quickly.
C)this program is as effective as a traditional early childhood program in promoting
cognitive development.
D)this program could overwhelm Austin and cause him to withdraw, thereby threatening
his interest in learning.