Which of the following statements about role overload is true?
A) It is greater for men than for women.
B) It is greater for women in higher-status jobs.
C) While stressful, it is linked to stronger marital relations.
D) It is magnified for women in low-status work roles with rigid schedules and little
autonomy.
Mr. Tamagatchi is dying. He says, “I feel like I”m watching a ticking time bomb … like
there is no future.” Mr. Tamagatchi views dying as
A) imprisonment.
B) a mandate to live ever more fully.
C) part of life’s journey.
D) an experience to be transformed.
Which of the following statements about imitation is true?
A) Newborn chimpanzees imitate more facial expressions and gestures than human
infants.
B) Imitation is harder to induce in newborns than in babies 2 to 3 months old.
C) Babies several months old often do not imitate an adult’s behavior right away
because they first try to play familiar social games.
D) Many researchers now believe that newborn imitation is actually a spontaneous
reflex and not an actual learning mechanism.
Research on metacognitive development shows that school-age children know that
A) rehearsal is a more effective memory strategy than elaboration.
B) use of private speech hinders task performance.
C) memory strategies rarely work as suggested.
D) people can extend their knowledge by making mental inferences.
If a behavior is strongly canalized, then
A) it is relatively unaffected by genetic influences.
B) only powerful environmental forces can change it.
C) only extreme genetic factors can modify it.
D) it is easily modifiable.
Homosexuals tend to live in
A) small communities.
B) college towns.
C) rural areas.
D) ethnically diverse neighborhoods.
Women’s work-related turning points peak in
A) adolescence.
B) early adulthood.
C) middle adulthood.
D) late adulthood.
Preschoolers’ self-concepts
A) are typically abstract.
B) focus mainly on typical emotions and attitudes.
C) focus mainly on personality traits.
D) consist largely of observable characteristics.
Older adults have accumulated a lifetime of self-knowledge, leading to __________
conceptions of themselves than at earlier ages.
A) more idealistic and focused
B) less secure and simplistic
C) more secure and complex
D) less idealistic and simplistic
Mrs. Frishman is concerned because her teenage son has become increasingly critical of
others, while maintaining a high sense of idealism for the world at large. Mrs. Frishman
could
A) get him involved in community service, which will serve as a positive outlet for his
idealism.
B) respond patiently to his remarks and point out positive features of his targets to help
him see that the world is made up of blends of virtues and imperfections.
C) speak to him honestly about her concerns and let him know that his critical behavior
offends her.
D) ignore his critical comments, as he will eventually grow out of this stage.
Worldwide, _____ percent of deaths of children under age 5 are __________.
A) 25; in industrialized countries
B) 50; due to infectious diseases
C) 70; in developing countries
D) 98; in developing countries
A common technique used by many older adults to compensate for their difficulties in
producing language is to
A) speak more loudly and forcefully.
B) avoid talking as much as possible.
C) convey information through sign language.
D) use more sentences to convey their message.
Never-married, childless men are more likely than women to
A) maintain good physical health.
B) maintain good mental health.
C) feel lonely and depressed.
D) report a level of well-being equivalent to that of married seniors.
According to Piaget’s theory, when Baby Sasha sucks her thumb, she is demonstrating a
__________ circular reaction.
A) goal-directed
B) primary
C) secondary
D) tertiary
Adolescents feel most comfortable with peers who
A) are older.
B) are slightly younger.
C) match their own level of biological maturity.
D) mature later than they do.
Compared to their Western agemates, Yucatec Mayan preschoolers
A) engage in more sophisticated make-believe play.
B) are not as self-sufficient.
C) are less competent at self-care.
D) seldom ask others for something interesting to do.
Midlife brings an increase in
A) effective coping strategies.
B) gender typing.
C) daily stressors.
D) psychological disturbance.
Teachers who promote discussion of controversial issues, while insisting that students
listen to and respect one another,
A) tend to have students who fail to understand the overlap between moral imperatives
and social conventions.
B) foster knowledge and critical analysis of political issues and commitment to social
causes.
C) often have students who reason at Kohlberg’s Stage 5 or 6.
D) emphasize an ethic of care over matters of justice.
In the Bucharest Early Intervention Project, where specially trained social workers
provided foster parents with counseling and support,
A) the foster-care group moved ahead of never-institutionalized agemates living with
Bucharest families.
B) the foster-care group exceeded the institutional-care group in intelligence test scores,
language skills, and emotional responsiveness.
C) earlier foster placement did not improve the scores of the foster-care group on any
measure.
D) the EEG and ERP assessments of brain activity were substantially the same for the
foster-care group and the institutional-care group.
Raymond is a single African American in his thirties. Statistically, what is the most
likely reason for Raymond’s singlehood?
A) religion
B) education
C) unemployment
D) lack of opportunity
Which of the following statements about Alzheimer’s disease is true?
A) By 2030, the number of Americans with Alzheimer’s is expected to be cut in half.
B) At first, recent memory is most impaired, but as serious disorientation sets in, recall
of distant events evaporates
C) Among the early symptoms of the disease are depression, loss of the ability to speak,
and imaginary fears.
D) Alzheimer’s accounts for about one-quarter of all dementia cases, though at older
ages, the percentage declines.
When Mike had to learn the state capitals, he grouped the states by region to assist his
memory. Which memory strategy did Mike use?
A) elaboration
B) organization
C) rehearsal
D) metacognition
Which of the following statements about observations conducted in the home or
laboratory is true?
A) In homes, observers find it easier to capture rare but important events.
B) Researchers can better control children’s experiences in a laboratory.
C) Fearful children tend to respond better in a laboratory setting than in their own
homes.
D) Observations by researchers in the home or laboratory are usually more subjective
than parental reports.
Following fertilization, a one-celled __________ multiplies and forms a __________.
A) embryo; fetus
B) blastocyst; embryo
C) zygote; blastocyst
D) blastocyst; zygote
Which of the following statements about the harm done by teratogens is true?
A) Passive smoking is rarely harmful to the developing fetus.
B) The genetic makeup of the mother and the developing organism plays an important
role.
C) The negative impact of teratogens is usually reversible.
D) The most serious defects occur in the period of the zygote.
The primary reason why more older adults in Western countries live on their own today
than ever before is
A) the high cost of nursing homes.
B) lack of assistance from their children.
C) decreasing governmental support.
D) improved health and economic well-being.
Eighteen-month-old Gabriella witnesses her mother finding a Duplo block in its labeled
canister. When her mother isn”t looking, Gabriella watches as her father moves the
block to an unmarked canister. When her mother again searches for the block in the
original canister, Gabriella helps her locate the block in the unmarked canister. This
indicates that Gabriella may have an implicit grasp of
A) false beliefs.
B) conservation.
C) irreversibility.
D) class inclusion.
Ann is having more frequent disagreements with her teenage daughter. If they argue
over typical parent”adolescent issues, these disagreements are most likely
A) over important family values, such as honesty or integrity.
B) caused by the storm and stress of puberty.
C) over school issues, such as the importance of education.
D) about everyday matters, such as driving, dating partners, and curfew.
Synapses are
A) tiny gaps where fibers from different neurons come close together but do not touch.
B) nerve cells that store and transmit information.
C) chemicals released by neurons.
D) responsible for myelination.
Tony, age 77, married Nichole, age 24. They are not using birth control because of
Tony’s advanced age. You can advise them that
A) Tony probably stopped producing semen around age 70.
B) Tony produces less semen and sperm, which negatively affects fertility, but he can
probably still father children.
C) While Tony still produces semen, he probably stopped producing sperm around age
70.
D) Tony cannot maintain a sufficient erection to father a child at his age.
Which of the following is an example of an event-based memory task?
A) taking medicine when an alarm goes off
B) taking medicine every 4 to 6 hours
C) remembering to set the alarm at night
D) remembering a special event from the past, like high school graduation