Historical linguistics is defined as:
a. a nonstandard variation of a language that is particular to a specific region.
b. the study of the development of language over time, including its changes and
variations.
c. alternating back and forth between more than one linguistic variant depending on the
context.
d. the idea that variation in languages appears gradually over distance between places.
e. the study of the intersection between language and systems of power such as race,
class, and age.
Traditional healers known as amchi provide health care in:
a. the eastern highlands of New Guinea.
b. the Ladakh region of northern India.
c. southern China and California.
d. rural Haiti.
e. Yucatn, Mexico.
The genetic code is carried by:
a. RNA.
b. proteins.
c. DNA.
d. mutagens.
e. variation.
What increases the frequency of mutations that are usually the result of environmental
agents?
a. Klinefelter’s syndrome
b. natural selection
c. mutagens
d. hereditary factors
e. radiocarbon
A nonstandard variation of a language is referred to as a:
a. prestige language.
b. type of displacement.
c. speech community.
d. morpheme.
e. dialect.
Ultraviolet radiation can cause which of the following?
a. decreased production of vitamin D
b. destruction of folate
c. rickets
d. Klinefelter’s syndrome
e. decreased production of vitamin C
Which of the following is defined as the process of learning culture?
a. particularism
b. hegemony
c. relativism
d. enculturation
e. stratification
The “Triangle Trade” discussed in the text linked:
a. Asia, Europe, and Africa.
b. Africa, Europe, and the Americas.
c. Asia, Africa, and the Americas.
d. Europe and Africa.
e. Europe and Asia.
When people engage in contentious politics outside the mainstream political process to
address specific social issues such as inequality or injustice in an effort to transform
cultural patterns or government policies, this is known as a:
a. social movement.
b. public initiative.
c. cultural enterprise.
d. cause clbre.
e. crusade.
Among the eight UN Millennial Goals, one that highlights gender issues specifically is
to:
a. eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.
b. combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases.
c. achieve universal primary education.
d. develop a global partnership for development.
e. promote gender equality and empower women.
________ individuals are those whose gender identities or performances do not fit with
cultural norms related to their assigned sex at birth.
a. Hijra
b. Macho
c. Two-Spirit
d. Transgendered
e. Hermaphrodite
Which of the following is NOT associated with Neanderthal material culture?
a. elaborate toolmaking
b. first evidence of agriculture
c. burial of dead
d. speech
e. sophisticated hunting technique
The concept of culture has been central to anthropology only since the 1870s, when
________crafted its first formal definition.
a. Franz Boas
b. Edward Burnett Tylor
c. Bronislaw Malinowski
d. Margaret Mead
e. Charles Darwin
Horticulture is defined as:
a. food production involving the domestication of animals.
b. cultivation involving permanent cultivation of the land.
c. practicing farming involving mechanization.
d. subsistence based on hunting, fishing, and gathering.
e. cultivation strategy with nonintensive use of land and labor.
All of the following are effects of remittances sent back to countries of origin,
EXCEPT:
a. increased social status in local communities for labor immigrants.
b. financial resources for roads, schools, and water systems.
c. economic support for basic needs like food, shelter, and education.
d. increased consumer spending in communities that receive immigrants.
e. infrastructure projects such as senior centers, churches, temples, and mosques.
What comprises all of the inherited genetic factors that provide the framework for an
organism’s physical form?
a. genotype
b. race
c. RNA
d. chromosome
e. phenotype
Genetic studies of mtDNA indicate that:
a. all living modern humans have a matrilineal ancestor who lived in Africa 170,000
years ago.
b. there is less genetic variation in African populations.
c. it is the only source of new genetic material.
d. Native Americans had a high incidence of disease.
e. there is more genetic variation farther from Africa.
An uneven distribution of power and access to resources, opportunities, rights, and
privileges in which gender shapes who has access to a group’s resources, opportunities,
rights, and privileges is known as gender:
a. stereotypes.
b. roles.
c. identity.
d. performance.
e. stratification.
Margaret Mead:
a. conducted a restudy of the Trobriand Islands.
b. researched social life among the Nuer of Africa.
c. studied the effects of colonialism in Puerto Rico.
d. examined sexuality in Samoa.
e. became an expert on Native Americans.
Entrepreneurs are:
a. immigrants who move to start businesses and conduct trade.
b. people who move in search of low-skill and low-wage jobs that native-born workers
will not fill.
c. highly trained individuals who help fill labor shortage for middle-class and skilled
occupations.
d. people who have been forced to move beyond their national borders due to natural
disasters, political or religious persecution, or violence.
e. migrants granted the right to work for a limited time but without long-term rights and
privileges.
Gender-based violence commonly occurs:
a. in the home.
b. during wartime.
c. on college campuses.
d. both A and C
e. all of the above
DNA studies place the migration of humans out of Africa at about:
a. 3 million years ago.
b. 1 million years ago.
c. 250,000 years ago.
d. 100,000 years ago.
e. 50,000 years ago.
________is both a definition and a key theoretical framework for anthropologists
attempting to understand humans and their interactions.
a. Culture
b. Ethnography
c. Ethnocentrism
d. Cultural relativism
e. Common sense
One of the consequences of the “Ebonics” controversy around Black English in
Oakland, California, was:
a. research by anthropologists showing that Black English lacks clear rules or patterns.
b. a new federal policy that prohibited the teaching of nonstandard English.
c. the replacement of Standard English with Black English in the school district.
d. a permanent move toward certifying teachers as proficient in Black English.
e. resistance to recognizing the challenges Black English speakers have in education
settings.
Which of the following statements accurately describes Chinese medicine?
a. Researchers have identified a uniform set of Chinese medical practices used by
practitioners within and outside China that complement biomedical treatments.
b. It was suppressed as “unscientific” after the formation of the People’s Republic of
China in 1949.
c. Patients submit to the authority of the doctor, accepting a regimented prescription to
achieve and maintain heath.
d. Chinese medicine rejected Western medicine in the early twentieth century as
“inauthentic” and “un-Chinese.”
e. Chinese medical practices vary widely within China, from patient to patient, and also
over time.
The assertion that human beings have an intrinsic way of determining what is beautiful
is known as:
a. the universal gaze.
b. authenticity.
c. cultural relativity.
d. visual anthropology.
Enculturation that takes place within a family shapes individuals’ lives:
a. outside of the household, including ways they think about gender roles, the division
of labor, religious practices, warfare, politics, migration, and nationalism.
b. outside of the household, including ways they think about issues like gender roles,
the division of labor, and religious practices, but not issues like warfare, politics,
migration, and nationalism.
c. outside of the household, including ways they think about issues like warfare,
politics, migration, and nationalism, but not issues like gender roles, the division of
labor, and religious practices.
d. inside of the household only, and never shapes individuals’ lives outside of the
household.
e. until they reach adulthood and start their own families, at which point the
enculturation of their youth ceases to shape the way they think about gender roles, the
division of labor, religious practices, warfare, politics, migration, and nationalism.
Significant changes in the Ladakh region of the Himalayas include:
a. an increase in bartering because the cash economy has been undermined.
b. less stress once militarization in neighboring Kashmir decreased.
c. urbanization that has fragmented community life.
d. more women than men training as healers.
e. government rejection of the Tibetan Buddhist healing practices.
Medical pluralism is defined as:
a. the intersection of multiple cultural approaches to healing.
b. a practice that seeks to apply the principles of the natural sciences.
c. the documentation and description of the local use of natural substances in healing
remedies and practices.
d. the comparative study of local systems of health and healing.
e. the study of the spread of disease and pathogens through the human population.
It is essential that ethnographers map communities because this:
a. allows the anthropologist to identify key informants.
b. documents the randomness of the built environment.
c. provides a deep immersion in the rhythms of daily life.
d. illuminates how use of space influences social interactions.
e. facilitates learning the local language.
Which of the following statements about human migration is true?
a. In 2010, the United Nations estimated that three in four people migrated to a new
country.
b. Saudi Arabia sends more than two million people abroad to work each year.
c. Only 3 percent of the world’s population moves beyond national borders.
d. The last thirty years has had one of the lowest rates of migration in human history.
e. People are pulled to migrate by poverty, famine, and natural disasters.