Indigenous Mexicans disguised their adoration of Tonantzin, revered goddess in
traditional religious beliefs, to escape persecution by Spanish leaders.
According to De La Portilla, Material, Spiritualism and Physical healing are the three
areas of Curandisimo.
A Kogi priest must be well-versed in all aspects of Kogi life.
Haitians who “serve the spirits” refer to themselves as Catholics.
Revitalization movements are likely to emerge when a culture’s experience changes.
The ethnographic story must he based on empirical data and an analysis that seeks
cultural patterns.
Conversions to Judaism in Copenhagen, Denmark at the time of marriage have become
commonplace and no longer hold political consequence.
The story of Mansren has many religious parallels with themes in the Bible.
Malinowski used his work with the Trobriand Islanders to distinguish “primitive
thought” as a distinctive mode of reasoning.
According to Daugherty, group support features prominently in holiness-type churches,
even though activities in the larger community and other social programs are avoided.
Hutson argues that raver descriptions of “spiritual healing” resemble experiences of
evangelical conversion.
Modern witchcraft is a religious movement that is almost entirely made up of
disenchanted “thirty-something” intellectuals.
B. F. Skinner used pigeons to demonstrate how and why personal rituals are established
in the first place.
The Guadalupe is important because she validates the Indian’s place in the religious and
political spheres of Mexican society.
Women tend to be granted greater recognition and power as religious functionaries in
complex societies.
Most healthcare practitioners in Lock’s research viewed drain death as death for all
purposes.
Lewis asserts that the most common cross-cultural explanation of trance is the invasion
of the human body by an external spirit.
The Ndembu of Zambia use the same term to refer to a boy undergoing circumcision
rites as they do to refer to “the first or ritual wife.”
Cross-culturally, it is understood that personhood begins at or before birth.
Lvi-Strauss emphasized the symbolic structure of “homemade” taxonomies, or systems
of classification, in understanding cultural forms.
Brown shows how shamans simultaneously act as the sorcerers they are trying to
protect people from, thereby creating the need and delivering the remedy.
Asahara’s Aum movement had infiltrated the ministry of science and technology in
efforts to produce massive amounts of sarin nerve gas to spray and create the
apocalypse that Aum followers believed would come.
Of the 800 men who live at the Lawtey correctional facility, approximately 80% applies
to transfer there; the other 20% were assigned to this facility.
Henna body adornment is practiced in Morocco only for religious rituals.
Islamic banking practices promote the success of small businesses with their philosophy
of sharing capital and labor, risk and profit.
Brazilian Spiritist healer-mediums assist their patients in entering trance before the
medical procedure.
Shamanism affirms life but also spawns violence and death.
To the Charismatic Renewal movement, abortion is a definitive termination of human
life, while the Japanese believe it to be the return of the fetus to a state of prebeing.
Vitebsky suggests that shamanism seems to be becoming a globalized world religion.
According to Geertz, religious belief and ritual comfort do NOT fit into the “is” “ought”
dichotomy.
In the story told by Urmilaji and recorded by Narayan, the daughters-in-law do NOT
perform the duties of the washer woman Sunna as tributes to God.
Since the learning of Santer’a rituals is slow and informal, participants with knowledge
of certain ceremonies exercise a type of esoteric power.
Fleuhr-Lobban mentions that an interest-free economic system can be devastating to the
lower economic classes.
Performing violence publicly is a political act which announces that the power of the
perpetrator is equal or superior to that of the government it attacks.
Juergensmeyer asserts that the development of ideological religious nationalism has
resulted from a common experience that begins with
A.a people’s revolution.
B.disaffection with authoritarian dictatorships.
C.disaffection over the dominance of modern Western culture and secular nationalism.
D.national independence from colonial powers.
The term “globalization” is used by editors of this reader to refer to the worldwide
movement of
A.finance capital.
B.cultural forms.
C.people of all different cultural backgrounds.
D.ideas, materials, technology, labor, capital, cultural forms, and people.
The head is an especially important symbol in Santer’a initiation rituals because
A.it is thought to be filled with evil spirits that must be washed away.
B.it represents the passage of knowledge from an elder to the aleyo.
C.through it, the sacrificial animals and the aleyo communicate.
D.it is the spiritual faculty and central locus of a human being.
For what reasons, discussed by Urmilaji and Narayan, is the washer woman, Sunna,
gifted with the power to resurrect?
A.She is from the Satyung period of light and long life
B.She possesses droplets of immortality
C.She, as a washer woman washes out the dirt of bad karma
D.All of the Above
According to Harris, the mystery of death is made humanly sensible through
A.the concept of a supreme plan or order.
B.the concept of a soul.
C.the idea of divine regeneration.
D.natural observation.
Which of the following groups is not an example of how agriculture is often an
expression of a people’s religious relatedness to the universe
A.the Tikopia of the Solomon Islands.
B.the Navajo Indi
C.the Baiga in India.
D.the Maya Indi
For the Curandero/as participating in De la Portilla’s study, the body has all of the
following roles in healing EXCEPT:
A.A medium for spirits and social constructions
B.an entity separate from the spirit, mind, or surrounding environment
C.A vessel for energy
D.A multi-faced concept of continuously developing identity
What are principles used by the Curandero/as interviewed in De La Portilla’s study that
dually serve to help Mexican Americans in San Antonio with the acculturation process?
A.Emphasis on the idea of fluidity and flexibility
B.Emphasis on working with and within structures that confound and affect illness and
healing processes
C.Emphasis on balance and adaption to change rather than habit
D.All of the above
According to Gmelch, when players are in a slump they
A.abide by their rituals stringently in an effort to turn their luck around.
B.usually make a deliberate effort to change their rituals in an attempt to shake off bad
luck.
C.will add elements to their preexisting ritual, but they will hardly ever remove
behavior from their rituals.
D.tend to do the exact opposite of their former ritual, as all behavior associated with it
has now become taboo.
All of the following are ways community and foods are symbolically linked during days
of the dead discussed in Norget’s article EXCEPT:
A.Refreshments are offered as “con conjianza” or offerings of trust.
B.Food represents shared plenty, but also shared responsibility of providing food; there
are rigid guidelines that mandate that all family members regardless of age or ability
must participate in communal making of food.
C.Offering food reaffirms that both the living and the dead belong to a single existential
and moral universe, as supernatural and mortal beings are both sharing from the same
pot.
D.Food propitiates visitors and ghosts, functioning as a sort of communion between the
sacred and the profane, among friend, family member, and neighbor.
Haitians refer to their religion as
A.Voodoo.
B.Vodou.
C.”serving the spirits.”
D.Bondye.
Shoko Asahara had which of the following anthropologically defined qualities of a
“prophet” or religious leader:
A.He directly provided food to his followers.
B.He created a highly ordered society within the Aum movement.
C.He encouraged use of monetary tender.
D.All of the above.
The main principles of the Rastafarian religion are love, meditation, ital, and
A.reasoning.
B.repatriation.
C.justice.
D.harmony.
If a patient seeks treatment from a healer of some sort and the healer states that the
patient’s illness is related to equilibrium loss not religion or spirit possession, caused by
a single source, and responsibility resides with in the patient, this healer would be most
aligned with:
A.Personalistic Etiology
B.Folk healing Etiology
C.Naturalistic Etiology
D.Multiple levels of illness causation
After having explored the “exotic” Berawan death ways, Metcalf turned his focus back
toward American death ways, and found
A.that the seemingly arbitrary approach toward death in the United States is much more
comprehensible in light of Berawan theories of death.
B.he was left with a feeling of estrangement when he tried to find a correlation between
popular ideas about death and American funerary practices.
C.them to be extremely mild and conservative in comparison.
D.that the two different approaches are actually very similar when the observer is able
to see through the details.
According to Luhrmann, feminist covens
A.rely the most heavily on historical documents like ancient Sumerian and Egyptian
texts associated with Goddess worship.
B.emphasize collectivity and creativity more than other types of modern witchcraft.
C.are relatively rare in the United States but very popular in England.
Lewis agrees that shamanism can be understood as
A.a unique relationship with animals.
B.a characteristic unique to Siberian cultures.
C.mystical flight.
D.possession by a spirit or spirits.
All of the following factors contribute to the success of “zar” healing practices in
Sennar EXCEPT:
A.Perceived lack of medical expertise in medical doctors at the Sennar hospital site
B.High social classes supporting the banned practices of “zar”
C.Lack of support staff such as nurses and social workers at the Sennar Hospital
D.None of the above
The title of Luhrmann’s article, “The Goat and the Gazelle,” refers to
A.two distinct ancient rituals marking the decay of nature in the fall and its subsequent
rebirth in the spring.
B.the coupling of romantic spiritual intensity with the paunchy flaws of the flesh.
C.the inherent complementarity and integration of female and male images and symbols
in the practice of witchcraft.
D.the two distinct branches of witchcraft: those who allow male members and those
who do not.
In many countries, Muslim women have gained significant rights concerning
A.recently legalized business practices.
B.the purchase of Western goods
C.the wearing of makeup and jewelry.
D.marriage and divorce.
Why does Eller argue that a holistic approach must be used to analyze religion
anthropologically?
A.Holism is present across other disciplines of psychology and biology; anthropology
had to adopt this principle
B.Holism provides solutions to immediate problems posed by religion
C.Humans have perceived and received different truths across time and space
D.None of the above
All of the following were principles central to the Aum Shinrikyo movement and
philosophies EXCEPT:
A.Renouncing society and the outside world
B.Self-sufficiency
C.Central organization
D.Financial independence
What does Spiro argue is the relationship between Buddhist texts and daily practices of
the people?
A.Common people are well versed in Buddhist texts which greatly influences daily
practices.
B.Most common people are familiar with basic Buddhist principles but key ideals seem
to be separate from attitudes and day-to-day practices.
C.Only religious leaders are keenly aware of Buddhist principles and the daily lives of
common people are separate from religion.
D.Buddhist texts are strictly learned by all but do not greatly influence daily life.
Myerhoff insists that rituals differ from myths because
A.they involve the entire community.
B.they require action.
C.they facilitate transformation.
D.they promote the attitude of the sacred.
E.they allow participants to reverse their spiritual roles.
The linkage of witchcraft to HIV/AIDS in Namibia has __________ enrolment in
HIV/AIDS antiretroviral treatment.
A.dramatically decreased
B.decreased
C.maintained
D.increased
Lewis compares trance to female sexual climax by arguing that
A.neither is easily obtained.
B.both are obtained by using the body in similar ways.
C.both are a condition of dissociation characterized by automatisms of action and
thought.
D.both are affected by cultural conventions.
Which thinker used a functionalist approach to explain religious behavior?
A.Malinowski
B.Tylor
C.Turner
D.Durkheim
Political issues related to disagreements about issues of conversion include:
A.Conflict over the tenure of rabbis who play a powerful role in deciding who can
convert
B.Tension between more and less Orthadox factions within the Jewish community
C.Revolts against religious leaders over continuously changing and seemingly arbitrary
guidelines as to who can convert
D.All of the above
An altered state of consciousness can be described as
A.a state of consciousness where the soul is perceived to leave the body.
B.the most dramatic form of consciousness that may be deliberately induced.
C.always induced by a hallucinogenic substance.
D.a personal experience with a god or spirit unique to a religion.
Greenfield argues that Brazilians are good hypnotic subjects because
A.most have lost faith in Western medicine.
B.they believe in psychotherapy and use hypnosis in their daily lives.
C.they believe in the Spiritist view of reincarnation.
D.their society teaches, reinforces and rewards fantasy.
According to Reichel-Dolmatoff, Kogi priests serve an adaptive purpose, meaning
A.they help the Kogi adapt to their harsh physical environment by teaching agriculture,
natural history, and vocational skills.
B.their ability to control the cycles of the sun allows them to keep the environment in
balance, thus assuring a bountiful crop.
C.they provide the Kogi a spiritual way of reconciling themselves with a harsh and
tenuous physical existence.
D.they are able to enforce social relationships that are critical for the material survival
of the group.
All of the following are reasons why ritual is compared to theatre EXCEPT:
A.Ritual is seen as a cultural performance.
B.Ritual can include scripted or learned communication or movements.
C.Ritual often involves a scared space and use of special costumes or props.
D.Ritual can deliver participants into new stages if life with new rights, responsibilities,
and privileges.
All of the following forms of cannibalism were practiced in Europe EXCEPT:
A.Funerary or mourning rites
B.Drinking of blood a s a remedy for epileptics
C.Eating the smoked flesh of criminals
D.Importing exotic corpses from Egypt to eat