1) buddy says, laws exist to benefit everyone and to preserve human rights. at which
stage of moral reasoning would buddy be classified?
a. stage 2
b. stage 5
c. stage 6
d. stage 3
2) the process of focusing attention on relevant information and ignoring irrelevant
information is called:
a. automaticity.
b. metacognition.
c. rehearsal.
d. selective attention.
3) teachers competent to work with a diverse group of students are likely to do all of the
following except:
a. emphasize academic instruction.
b. actively enjoy their work.
c. provide specific feedback on correct and incorrect answers.
d. provide students with tasks likely to be too difficult for them to teach them how to
handle failure.
4) ms. tucker teaches preschool children. they are working on developing a sense of
purpose and direction as their social world expands through school. ms. tucker
understands that her students stage of psychosocial development is:
a. trust vs. mistrust.
b. initiative vs. guilt.
c. autonomy vs. shame.
d. industry vs. inferiority.
5) which cognitive theory of achievement motivation emphasizes students judgments of
how well or poorly they will perform a task, given the skills they have and the
circumstances they face?
a. expectancy-value
b. self-efficacy
c. attribution
d. achievement goals
6) the computer is a good example of a ______ that is part of american culture.
a. zone of proximal development
b. psychological tool
c. technical tool
d. social tool
7) all but which of the following are limitations of preoperational thought?
a. egocentrism
b. centration
c. representational thinking
d. animism
8) you have a student in your classroom whose interactions with you and with her peers
are symptomatic of a negative self-perception. which of the following strategies would
be most likely to improve the this students self-concept?
a. using frequent and specific positive reinforcement
b. designing tasks and activities that allow the student to demonstrate her strengths
c. breaking tasks down into smaller, manageable units
d. all of these
9) at what point in their education do poor students, as a group, begin scoring lower on
standardized tests than their middle-class classmates?
a. first grade
b. seventh grade
c. high school
d. on first entering school
10) which of the following logical rules must be known and understood in order to
solve a seriation problem?
a. rule of progressive change
b. rule of transitivity
c. rule of class inclusion
d. both the rule of progressive change and the rule of transitivity
11) one of the problems with sternbergs triarchic model of intelligence is that:
a. he proposes too many categories of intelligence.
b. the theory emphasizes the single-factor model of intelligence.
c. there are few standardized tests to measure his components of intelligence.
d. the tests he has developed to measure practical intelligence are biased against
females and minorities.
12) according to the text, ______ are believed to be more vulnerable to disturbances in
self-esteem at puberty.
a. white girls
b. white boys
c. minority girls
d. none of these; there are no adolescent groups that are more vulnerable to disturbances
in self-esteem
13) which pair of perspectives would lead to the most similar conclusions about
whether a childs development is active or passive?
a. maturational and interactional
b. interactional and contextual
c. behavioral and contextual
d. behavioral and interactional
14) which of the following emotions does not demonstrate an evolving sense of self?
a. pride
b. fear
c. shame
d. guilt
15) it is important for future teachers to study child development because:
a. schools play an important role in childrens intellectual, social, and emotional
development.
b. teachers instructional decisions are influenced by teachers beliefs about childrens
development.
c. many teachers appear to have a limited understanding of child development.
d. all of these
16) as a future teacher interested in reducing learned helplessness in your students, you
should:
a. encourage public forms of evaluation so that students will develop a sense of healthy
competition.
b. increase test pressure to motivate students to study.
c. provide specific feedback to students about how they can improve.
d. all of these
17) which of the following statements regarding teenage pregnancy and parenthood is
false?
a. over the last several years, the teenage pregnancy rates in the u.s. have been
declining.
b. factors thought to contribute to the likelihood of a teenage girl becoming a mother
are more common among african americans and hispanic americans.
c. programs that provide child care and parenting classes for teenage parents have not
shown much promise.
d. developmental and cognitive delays are more common among children of younger
mothers.
18) experts suggest that children should begin organized sports activities around age:
a. 4 or 5 years, since their participation provides a foundation for learning teamwork
skills.
b. 6 or 7 years, when children are able to engage in cooperative play and have
sufficiently developed motor skills.
c. 8 or 9 years, so that children can reap the benefits of increased self-confidence and
popularity.
d. none of these