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Mary Rothbart and John Bates believe that infant temperament falls into which of the
following categories?
A.Emotionality, social ability, and activity level
B.Extraversion/surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control
C.Easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up
D.Extraversion, introversion, and emotionality
Answer:
Which statement best summarizes Daniel Berlyne's views about children's play?
A.Play is important for developing motor skills and coordination.
B.Play is important only because it occupies children during times when they are not
learning more important things.
C.Children use play as a way to digest past experiences and to derive meaning from
what has happened to them.
D.Children use play as a way to explore new things and as a way to satisfy their natural
curiosity about the world.
Answer:
_____ has the longest span of any period of development and the number of people in
this age group has been increasing dramatically.
A. Middle and late childhood
B. Adolescence
C. Middle adulthood
D. Late adulthood
Answer:
Which of the following observations is true regarding finding meaning and purpose in
lives in the event of death?
A.Studies have found that educating dying people about Kübler-Ross' stages help them
overcome depression.
B.Only people with terminal illnesses are benefited by disconnecting the self from love
objects.
C.Studies have found that spirituality helps to buffer dying individuals from severe
depression.
D.Involvement of community organizations helps minimize the pain and depression
faced by dying individuals.
Answer:
The greatest decline in visual perception beyond 75, and especially beyond 85,
involves:
A.tolerance for glare.
B.dark adaptation.
C.area of the visual field.
D.color vision.
Answer:
Which of the following statements represents a criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory
of moral development?
A.Kohlberg's theory is based on the prevention of suffering of others.
B.Compassion is given too much importance in Kohlberg's theory.
C.There is too much emphasis on moral thought and not enough emphasis on moral
behavior.
D.There is no emphasis on the need for justice in matters of morality.
Answer:
"Want ice cream", "Fall down", and "Mommy give cookie" are all examples of:
A. holophrases.
B. repetitive speech patterns.
C. telegraphic speech.
D. reflexive speech patterns.
Answer:
____ children are frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being
disliked.
A.Controversial
B.Average
C.Neglected
D.Rejected
Answer:
A total score of _____ on the Apgar Scale indicates that the newborn's condition is
good.
A. 4
B. 1 to 3
C. 7 to 10
D. 5
Answer:
Which of the following is the probable reason for the decline in working memory in
older adults?
A.Increased distractibility
B.Efficient inhibition
C.Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
D.Lowered implicit memory
Answer:
Dante is a 10-year-old boy who likes to play soccer during recess. One day a friend
teaches him a different set of rules about the game that Dante accepts. He now plays
soccer in a new way. Dante is in which stage of moral development?
A.Autonomous morality
B.Heteronomous morality
C.Basic morality
D.Extended morality
Answer:
A person is arrested for stealing company documents and says, "Yes, I did steal the
documents, and I am willing to go to jail for it. These documents prove that the
company was engaging in a cover-up of the unsafe properties of its chemical. I think the
public has a right to know about it". Lawrence Kohlberg would classify this person as
using _____ reasoning.
A.conventional
B.unconventional
C.preconventional
D.postconventional
Answer:
Which of the following statements about the activity of genes is TRUE?
A.Genes are not collaborative.
B.A single gene codes for a single, specific protein.
C.Genetic expression is unaffected by environmental factors.
D.Events that occur inside of the cell can excite or inhibit genetic expression.
Answer:
Which of the following is one of the outcomes of the restructuring, downsizing, and
outsourcing resulting from globalization?
A.Offering incentives to middle-aged employees to retire early
B.Encouraging middle-aged professionals to take up entrepreneurship
C.Offering incentives to young professionals to outperform middle-aged employees
D.Hiring more middle-aged professionals to supervisory and managerial positions
Answer:
_____ diseases have a slow onset and a long duration, and are rare in early adulthood.
A.Acute
B.Chronic
C.Terminal
D.Pervasive
Answer:
According to Erik Erikson's developmental stages, which of the following is the
resolution an individual is most likely to experience if he or she is in the last stage of
human development?
A.Generativity vs. stagnation
B.Autonomy vs. shame
C.Industry vs. inferiority
D.Intimacy vs. isolation
Answer:
Which of the following attachment styles is characterized by more satisfaction in close
relationships?
A.Secure attachment style
B.Avoidant attachment style
C.Anxious attachment style
D.Disorganized attachment style
Answer:
Because young children are _____, they judge the rightness or goodness of behavior by
considering its consequences, not the intentions of the actor.
A.autonomous thinkers
B.heteronomous moralists
C.egocentric
D.moral autonomists
Answer:
_____ provides a measure of an infant's maturity and well-being.
A.Assimilation
B.Habituation
C.Lateralization
D.Disambiguation
Answer:
_____ refers to the process of encasing axons with fat cells.
A. Myelination
B. Lateralization
C. Habituation
D. Transmission
Answer:
According to Freud, preschool boys develop a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex
parent in a process called the _____.
A.Oedipus complex
B.Electra complex
C.Pygmalion effect
D.Golem effect
Answer:
Which of the following is TRUE about research by Schaie and Salthouse?
A.Both agree that adulthood is the time when the level of functioning in a number of
cognitive domains is maintained or even increases.
B.Salthouse recently has argued that his longitudinal research on aging and cognitive
functioning should not be dismissed.
C.Salthouse agrees with Schaie that cognitive functioning involving accumulated
knowledge, such as vocabulary and general information, does not show early
age-related decline but rather continues to increase at least until 60 years of age.
D.Schaie has argued that reasoning, memory, spatial visualization, and processing speed
begin declining in early adulthood and show further decline in the fifties.
Answer:
Which of the following is the positive resolution of the psychological conflict of
autonomy vs. shame?
A.Fidelity
B.Purpose
C.Competence
D.Will
Answer:
A longitudinal study by Harris and others revealed that most bad health habits
developed during adolescence _____ in emerging adulthood.
A.receded
B.did not continue
C.remained unchanged
D.increased
Answer:
A study revealed that hearing loss was associated with a reduction in cognitive function
in _____.
A.infants
B.older adults
C.young women
D.middle-aged men
Answer:
Centration inhibits the ability to categorize items because it prevents one from:
A. focusing only on one feature.
B. considering combinations of features.
C. having a perspective that is different from one's own.
D. distinguishing between animate and inanimate objects.
Answer:
Some people take Baruti's swollen belly to be a sign that he is well-fed and healthy.
However, he suffers from a condition that causes his abdomen and feet to swell with
water. Baruti's thin, brittle, and colorless hair; swollen feet and stomach; and listless
behavior are all tell-tale signs that he suffers from:
A.Kwashiorkor.
B.Marasmus.
C.Binswanger's disorder.
D.Malenthorpe's disorder.
Answer:
Public attitudes about adolescence:
A.emerge from a combination of personal experience and media portrayals.
B.reflect an objective picture of how normal adolescents develop.
C.portray today's adolescents as less troubled, less self-centered, less assertive, and less
adventurous than in the past.
D.paint an unrealistically positive picture of adolescents.
Answer:
Which of the following is the positive resolution of the psychological conflict of
generativity vs. stagnation?
A.Infidelity
B.Wisdom
C.Care
D.Will
Answer:
Which of the following is true of altruism and volunteering in adults?
A.Younger adults are more likely than any other group to volunteer more than 100
hours annually.
B.A common perception is that older adults need to be given help rather than give help
themselves.
C.Younger adults' strategies are more likely to be aimed at contributing to the public
good, while older adults' strategies are more likely to focus on optimizing personal
financial gain.
D.Older adults who engaged in organizational volunteering had a higher mortality risk
than those who did not.
Answer:
