Every time baby Gloria nurses, she is placed on a nursing pillow. Gloria’s mom later
noticed that each time Gloria was placed on the pillow, she made sucking movements.
In this example, __________ is the conditioned stimulus.
A) breast milk
B) sucking
C) crying
D) placement on the pillow
Beginning in middle childhood, a common fear is
A) the dark.
B) ghosts and goblins.
C) the possibility of personal harm.
D) thunder and lightning.
Which of the following statements about the authoritative child-rearing style is true?
A) Authoritative parents exert control, yell, command, criticize, and threaten their
children.
B) Many authoritative parents simply lack confidence in their ability to influence their
child’s behavior.
C) Authoritative parents combine low acceptance and involvement with little control
and general indifference to issues of autonomy.
D) Authoritative parents insist on mature behavior, give reasons for their expectations,
and use “teaching moments” to promote the child’s self-regulation.
As school-age children move into adolescence, self-concept is increasingly vested in
A) feedback from close friends.
B) parental attitudes.
C) information from siblings.
D) feedback from teachers.
Michaela performs well in school and communicates with her peers in sensitive,
friendly, and cooperative ways. She is a __________ child.
A) popular-antisocial
B) controversial
C) rejected-aggressive
D) popular-prosocial
Matthew, age 14, is likely to report that the most important characteristic of friendship
is
A) shared interests and activities.
B) integrity.
C) psychological closeness.
D) shared attitudes and values.
The __________ taps a wider array of attachment-related behaviors than the Strange
Situation.
A) secure base
B) Attachment Q-Sort
C) internal working model
D) goodness-of-fit model
The outer ring of cells on a blastocyst, termed the trophoblast, will become the
A) new organism.
B) structures that provide protective covering and nourishment.
C) embryonic disk.
D) embryo.
Alex is reserved, quiet, passive, sober, and emotionally unreactive. He is low on which
of the following “big five” personality traits?
A) extroversion
B) openness to experience
C) agreeableness
D) conscientiousness
Preschoolers distinguish __________, which protect people’s rights and welfare, from
__________, which do not violate rights and are up to the individual.
A) social conventions; moral imperatives
B) matters of personal choice; social conventions
C) moral imperatives; matters of personal choice
D) moral imperatives; social conventions
__________ is a modern substitute for the actual physical departure of young people
from the family group that takes place in industrialized nations.
A) The transition to adulthood
B) Emotional upheaval
C) Psychological distancing
D) Adolescent moodiness
Baby Hannah is shown a stuffed sheep, and then it is hidden under a blanket. Which of
the following statements is true?
A) Hannah must coordinate two schemes to retrieve the object: “pushing” aside the
blanket and “grasping” the stuffed sheep.
B) Deliberately retrieving the stuffed toy is an example of a secondary circular reaction.
C) Deliberately retrieving the stuffed toy is an example of a primary circular reaction.
D) Hannah will not be able to retrieve the stuffed toy sheep until she is in Substage 5 of
Piaget’s sensorimotor period.
__________ cancer is the leading malignancy for men.
A) Lung
B) Colon
C) Prostate
D) Pancreatic
Cerebrovascular dementia
A) is more common than Alzheimer’s disease.
B) results from a combination of genetic and environmental forces.
C) affects more women than men.
D) is more common in the United States than in Japan.
Dr. Wizda is assessing the home life of a preschool child using the Home Observation
for Measurement of the Environment (HOME). She observes the parent converse with
the child four times during the visit. On which subscale should Dr. Wizda record this
observation?
A) stimulation of academic behavior
B) parent modeling and encouragement of social maturity
C) cognitive stimulation
D) language stimulation
The earlier toddlers __________, the sooner they produce two-word utterances at the
end of the second year.
A) babble
B) coo
C) form word”gesture combinations
D) participate in give-and-take interactions
Which of the following statements about sex differences in adolescents’ reactions to
pubertal changes is true?
A) While most boys get some information from their mothers, almost all girls get their
information from reading material or websites.
B) Overall, boys get much less social support than girls for the physical changes of
puberty.
C) A few girls tell a friend that they are menstruating, but more boys tell a friend about
spermarche.
D) Girls, but not boys, are likely to benefit from opportunities to ask questions and
discuss feelings with a sympathetic parent or health professional.
If untreated, toxemia can cause
A) convulsions in the mother and fetal death.
B) extra sugar in the mother’s bloodstream.
C) swelling of the fetus’s face, hands, and feet.
D) behavioral problems in adolescence.
Compared with __________ children, __________ children present fewer problems in
the early years.
A) easy; slow-to-warm-up
B) slow-to-warm-up; difficult
C) easy; difficult
D) difficult; slow-to-warm-up
Of all hearing difficulties, the __________ has the greatest impact on life satisfaction.
A) inability to hear at high frequencies
B) inability to detect soft sounds
C) age-related decline in speech perception
D) age-related decline in responsiveness to startling noises
John Bowlby argued that
A) behaviors such as smiling, babbling, and crying are innate social signals that
encourage parents to interact with their infants.
B) infants become attached to their parents because parents are associated with the
reduction of primary drives, such as hunger and thirst.
C) parents and infants are both instinctively attached to each other.
D) attachment patterns are difficult to study in humans.
August stops by his mother April’s house every day. If April has no trouble with tasks
like making coffee or unloading the dishwasher, then August withdraws and attends to
other jobs. August’s behavior toward April illustrates the __________ script.
A) dependency”support
B) independence”ignore
C) assisted independence
D) codependency”support
Piaget __________ preschoolers’ __________.
A) underestimated; magical thinking
B) overestimated; animistic beliefs
C) overestimated; abstract thinking
D) underestimated; egocentrism
Which of the following statements about divorce in late adulthood is true?
A) Less than 1 percent of all U.S. divorces involve couples over age 65.
B) The divorce rate among people 65 and older has decreased over the past three
decades.
C) About half of older adults’ dissolving marriages are lengthy30 years or more.
D) Compared with younger adults, seniors are less likely to experience a sense of
personal failure following divorce.
Ignacio lives in a remote Mayan village in Yucatan, Mexico. Ignacio does not rely on
conversation and play to teach his children. Which of the following is the most likely
reason for this?
A) Ignacio is too busy working and maintaining his household to interact with his
children.
B) Ignacio instead focuses on preparing his children for academic success and civic
engagement.
C) Ignacio’s young children spend most of their time playing with and talking to their
agemates.
D) Ignacio’s children spend their day in contact with adult work and start to assume
mature responsibilities in early childhood.
Which of the following is one reason the United States lags behind Denmark, Norway,
Great Britain, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Canada in immunizations?
A) Uninsured U.S. children do not receive free immunizations.
B) Childhood diseases have been virtually eradicated in the United States, making
immunization unnecessary.
C) Many U.S. children do not have access to the health care they need.
D) More U.S. parents are aware that immunizations cause autism.
Breastfed and bottle-fed children in industrialized nations
A) do not differ in later emotional adjustment.
B) differ slightly in later emotional adjustment and intelligence.
C) differ greatly in later emotional adjustment, but do not differ in intelligence.
D) differ greatly in later emotional adjustment and intelligence.
The most important illogical feature of preoperational thought is its
A) class inclusion.
B) irreversibility.
C) reversibility.
D) centration.
__________ involves the judgments an individual makes about his own worth and the
feelings associated with those judgments.
A) Self-awareness
B) Self-talk
C) Self-esteem
D) Effortful control
Some form of medication is used in __________ percent of U.S. births.
A) about 35
B) almost 50
C) about 70
D) more than 80
By the early thirties, _____ percent of U.S. young adults live on their own.
A) 60
B) 70
C) 80
D) 90
Heritability of attachment is
A) virtually nil.
B) low to moderate.
C) moderate to high.
D) very high.
Philip, Bob, Bill, and Walter recently joined Alcoholics Anonymous. Which of the
following is probably true?
A) All of them will receive personal and family counseling through AA.
B) Two of them will relapse within a few months.
C) Three of them will break their addiction to alcohol.
D) Only one of them will have long-term success.
Carly, age 24, has a 22 percent greater body weight than she should have, based on her
age, sex, and physical build.
Carly is
A) an obese adult.
B) overweight, but not obese.
C) probably suffering from a metabolic disorder.
D) heavyset, but not overweight.