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Polygyny is
A. a situation in which a woman has more than one husband at the same time.
B. the custom whereby a wife marries the brother of her dead husband.
C. the type of marriage that follows divorce.
D. the custom whereby a widower marries the sister of his dead wife.
E. a situation in which a man has more than one wife at the same time.
In general, the status of women
A. rises as dependence on food production intensifies.
B. is higher in societies in which males do most of the work in food production.
C. is higher among agriculturalists than it is among foragers.
D. is higher in matrilineal societies than it is in patrilineal societies.
E. is higher in Yanomami society than it is among the Betsileo of Madagascar.
The __________ are not foragers.
A. Basseri (Iran)
B. Australian aborigines
C. Mbuti (Congo)
D. Eskimos (Alaska and Canada)
E. San (Kalahari Desert)
In non-state societies,
A.professional armies conduct warfare.
B.political institutions are separate from economic institutions.
C.social control is maintained mostly through physical coercion.
D.economic, political, and religious activities are often interrelated.
E.all political power is based on religion.
Anthropology's comparative, biocultural perspective
A. allows the inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches to comment or solve
a particular issue or problem.
B. is the reason it has traditionally studied nonindustrialized societies.
C. is insignificant, since evolution is studied by biological anthropologists while culture
is studied by cultural anthropologists.
D. is a product of the participant observation approach.
E. places it in the humanities.
Four-field anthropology does not claim __________ as a distinctive feature.
A. holistic approach
B. broad cross-cultural comparison
C. the study of human biology, culture, and language
D. that it is a science and a humanity
E. an exclusive focus on contemporary cultures
The Holocaust is one example of
A. forced assimilation.
B. cultural colonialism.
C. genocide.
D. ethnocide.
E. hypodescent.
Agricultural intensification is not associated with
A. greater ecological diversity.
B. deforestation.
C. increased regulation of interpersonal relations.
D. increased potential for conflict.
E. population growth.
__________ refers to the study of the interactions between European nations and the
societies they colonized.
A. Mission civilisatrice
B. Neoliberalism
C. Postcolonial
D. Postimperial
E. Posthegemonic
The __________ researcher has traditionally studied small, non-Western populations.
A. ethnographer
B. sociologist
C. economist
D. palynologist
E. limnologist
The dominance of Russian culture, language, and people in the former Soviet empire is
an example of
A. multiculturalism.
B. cultural colonialism.
C. hypodescent.
D. enculturation.
E. plural society.
The use of voodoo dolls is an example of
A. imitative magic.
B. contagious magic.
C. taboo.
D. animism.
E. superstition.
Archaeologists study
A. language.
B. race.
C. biological adaptation.
D. modern cultural diversity.
E. material remains.
The AAA disapprove of the Human Terrain System because
A. the program aimed at using land more effectively for farming does not consider the
needs of the local populations.
B. it forces archaeologists to excavate areas that are not in danger of destruction and
have no impact on current research questions.
C. the AAA would like research to remain focused on American subcultures.
D. the AAA believes the military should make decisions about which research projects
should be funded.
E. it places anthropologists in positions that would violate the AAA code of ethics.
__________ refers to the rapid spread or advance of one culture at the expense of
others, or its imposition on other cultures.
A. Diasporation
B. Symbolic domination
C. Cultural imperialism
D. Conquest
E. Colonialism
The statement, __________, is not true.
A. "British colonialism lacked an intervention philosophy"
B. "British colonialism consisted of two main phases"
C. "British colonialism was legitimized by the racist notion of "the white man's burden'"
D. "British colonialism began to disintegrate following World War II"
E. "British colonialism was driven by economic interests"
__________ is not associated with the market principle.
A. Profit motive
B. The law of supply and demand
C. Fixed values for products
D. Bargaining
E. Industrialism
The greatest obstacle to slowing climate change is
A. curbing population growth.
B. providing enough food.
C. ensuring that each culture is considered in any plan to halt climate change.
D. stopping deforestation.
E. meeting energy demands.
In a(n) __________, most leaders will acquire their positions because of their personal
backgrounds or abilities, rather than heredity.
A.tribal society
B.feudal state
C.imagined community
D.chiefdom
E.agrarian, preindustrial state
__________ is the ethnographic present.
A. The dates that the anthropologist was living in the culture
B. The period before Westernization
C. The period that documents cultural change
D. The dates that include cultural contact
E. The date the ethnography was published
__________ refers to a unilineal descent group whose members claim, but cannot
demonstrate, common descent from an apical ancestor.
A. Clan
B. Lineage
C. Extended family
D. Family of procreation
E. Family of orientation
__________ refers to a former colony with large numbers of European colonists and
sparser native populations.
A. Settler country
B. Nonsettler country
C. Mixed country
D. Postimperial country
E. Emergent country
__________ occurs in all human societies.
A. Gender-based division of labor
B. Transhumance
C. Highly specialized technology
D. Domestication of animals for food
E. Terracing
A systematic field of study that uses experiment, observation, and deduction to produce
reliable explanations of phenomena is
A. culture.
B. religion.
C. humanities.
D. science.
E. folklore.
__________ automatically places the children of a union between members of different
groups in the minority group.
A. Hypervitaminosis
B. Polygyny
C. Polyandry
D. Hypodescent
E. Hypogamy
Illness is defined as a(n)
A. nonexistent ailment (only "diseases" are real).
B. artificial product of biomedicine.
C. scientifically identified health threat.
D. purely linguistic problem.
E. socially defined.
When Kottak began researching among the Betsileo in Madagascar, the children ran
away from him because
A. he was associated with the schoolteachers, whom no one trusted.
B. he was traveling with his wife, and no one would talk to a woman.
C. they were afraid that he was working for the national government to take away their
land.
D. they were afraid that if he took pictures of them, it would capture their souls.
E. they thought he was a vampire.
Big man accumulate wealth because
A.big men are chiefs who are trying to make their achieved status more permanent by
engaging in conspicuous symbolic displays of wealth.
B.the term big man refers to the liminal state that a Kapauku youth enters before
marriage, during which he accumulates wealth in order to fund the wedding and pay the
brideprice.
C.big men typically are war leaders and as such they must maintain a supply of
"grievance gifts" to compensate the families of warriors who die under their command.
D.to become a big man, an individual must wear a tonowi shell necklace, which is
imported from the coast and is therefore quite expensive by Kapauku standards.
E.big men do not keep the wealth they accumulate but rather redistribute it to create and
maintain alliances with political supporters.
Recent cross-cultural studies of gender roles demonstrated that
A. the gender roles of men and women are largely determined by their biological
capabilities.
B. women are subservient to men in nearly all societies because their subsistence
activities contribute much less to the total diet than do those of men.
C. the relative status of women is variable, depending on factors such as subsistence
strategy, the importance of warfare, and the prevalence of a domestic-public dichotomy.
D. foraging, horticultural, pastoral, and industrial societies all have similar attitudes
regarding gender roles.
E. changes in the gender roles of men and women are usually associated with social
decay and anarchy.
__________ causes neural tube defects.
A. An overproduction of vitamin D
B. An underproduction of vitamin D
C. A diet rich in fatty fishes
D. The HbS allele
E. The destruction of folate
The statement, __________, is not true.
A. "divorce is more common now than it was a century ago"
B. "the more substantial the joint property, the more complicated the divorce"
C. "divorce is harder in a patrilineal society"
D. "divorce is unique to industrialized nation-states"
E. "substantial bridewealth discourages divorce"
__________ is the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States.
A. Anglo-Americans
B. Hispanics
C. African Americans
D. Asian Americans
E. Native Americans
The Igbo Women's War is an example of
A.hegemony working to eliminate resistance.
B.social stratification.
C.religious control.
D.shame and ridicule as a method of resistance.
E.women achieving status in a tribal society.
The Betsileo of Madagascar view of money changed and now they
A. use coins.
B. have a full economic system.
C. many people desire cash.
D. are self-sufficient.
E. also need money for food.
