Ken, age 14, has trouble concentrating, sleeps excessively, eats little, and has low
energy. These might be symptoms of
A) an identity crisis.
B) depression.
C) a vitamin C deficiency.
D) the normal storm and stress of puberty.
After age 8, girls __________ than boys.
A) are slightly shorter and lighter
B) have slightly more muscle
C) have slightly less body fat
D) begin accumulating fat at a faster rate
Researchers have found that satisfying sex generally involves
A) good physical technique.
B) an emotionally fulfilling relationship.
C) spontaneity and novelty.
D) experience with multiple partners.
According to Thomas and Chess’s research, __________ children are at high risk for
anxious withdrawal and aggressive behavior in early and middle childhood.
A) inhibited
B) easy
C) slow-to-warm-up
D) difficult
Shay suffers from a wasted condition of the body caused by a diet low in all essential
nutrients. Shay most likely has
A) iron-deficiency anemia.
B) kwashiorkor.
C) nonorganic failure to thrive.
D) marasmus.
In associative play,
A) a child plays near other children with similar materials, but does not try to influence
their behavior.
B) a child plays alone or watches other children while they play.
C) children engage in separate activities, but exchange toys and comment on one
another’s behavior.
D) children orient toward a common goal, such as acting out a make-believe theme.
To detect developmental problems before birth, doctors use
A) prenatal diagnostic methods.
B) a family pedigree.
C) gene therapy.
D) carrier detectors.
Recent evidence suggests that
A) most children show a steady rate of word learning that continues through the
preschool years.
B) toddlers undergo an initial spurt in vocabulary around 18 months.
C) toddlers transition from a faster to a slower language learning pace around 18
months.
D) most toddlers experience a decline in their ability to categorize experiences by the
middle of the second year.
In the United States, __________ has hampered efforts to regulate TV content.
A) lobbying by the television industry
B) the First Amendment right to free speech
C) the concept of individualism
D) a lack of education
Five-year-old Chaim is participating in Piaget’s three-mountains problem. When Chaim
is asked to pick the picture that shows what the display looks like from the doll’s
perspective, he will most likely select the
A) correct picture but not be able to explain why he chose it.
B) picture that shows the researcher’s point of view.
C) correct picture and be able to explain why he chose it.
D) picture that shows his own point of view.
In 1972, the U.S. federal government required schools receiving public funds to provide
A) gender-segregated physical education classes.
B) high school physical education classes.
C) co-ed athletic teams.
D) equal opportunities for males and females in all educational programs.
Fran is an urban older adult. Which of the following advantages is Fran likely to have
over small-town and rural seniors?
A) Fran is more likely to live near her children.
B) Fran is more likely to have better health and a higher income.
C) Fran is more likely to have nearby extended family.
D) Fran is more likely to have close relationships with her neighbors.
The very experience of __________ seems to promote mastery of Piagetian tasks.
A) aging
B) learning to read
C) going to school
D) brain lateralization
Colleges that __________ have a higher percentage of dropouts.
A) do little to help high-risk students
B) have high admissions requirements
C) place great value on grade point average
D) place students in developmental courses
Children who are expert in an area
A) acquire new information at a slow and steady pace.
B) rarely ask how previously stored information can clarify new material.
C) do not find memory strategies useful.
D) are usually highly motivated.
In the form of teaching known as scaffolding, as a child’s competence increases, the
adult
A) guides and supports the child by modeling the task.
B) steps back, permitting the child to take more responsibility for the task.
C) enters the zone of proximal development by taking over the child’s task.
D) introduces the child to a new activity.
Cancer patients, who account for most cases of prolonged dying, typically die in
A) intensive care wards.
B) emergency rooms.
C) cancer care hospital units.
D) home settings.
Research shows that children who engage in as little as 21 minutes of independent
reading per day
A) are exposed to nearly 2 million words per year.
B) show an advanced understanding of infinitive phrases.
C) learn about 5 new words each day.
D) show substantial gains in intelligence scores.
Larissa, age 3, often plays alone. Her parents should be concerned if she
A) talks to imaginary friends.
B) works with art materials by herself.
C) only does puzzles or builds with blocks.
D) engages in functional play involving repetitive motor action.
Having __________ helps explain the relationship between SES and flexible, abstract
thinking.
A) more travel opportunities
B) a stimulating, nonroutine job
C) greater access to technology
D) less challenging work
Marion was forbidden by his gay partner’s family to attend his partner’s funeral or burial
service. Marion is at risk for
A) anticipatory grieving.
B) disenfranchised grief.
C) bereavement overload.
D) unestablished bereavement.
In a(n) __________ design, researchers look at relationships between participants’
characteristics and their behavior or development.
A) observational
B) correlational
C) experimental
D) variable
On a measure of peer acceptance, Dustin was seldom mentioned either positively or
negatively. Dustin would be considered a __________ child.
A) neglected
B) rejected
C) withdrawn
D) popular-antisocial child
Which of the following statements about Jerome Kagan’s research on the development
of shyness and sociability is true?
A) The majority of babies in the study were overwhelmed by novelty.
B) About 50 to 70 percent of the groups retained their temperamental styles as they
grew older.
C) Most children’s dispositions became more extreme over time.
D) Most children’s dispositions became less extreme over time.
In collectivist societies, people
A) think of themselves as separate entities.
B) define themselves as part of a group.
C) are largely concerned with their own personal needs.
D) stress individual goals over group goals.
Children in self-care, who regularly look after themselves for some period of time after
school, __________ than children in after-school programs.
A) have fewer emotional difficulties
B) are less likely to bend to peer pressure.
C) show greater academic achievement
D) are more likely to engage in antisocial behavior
One criticism of past research on cognitive aging is that it focused on intellectual
A) stability.
B) gains.
C) competence.
D) deficits.
Which of the following is an accurate statement about divorce statistics?
A) Russia now has the highest divorce rate in the world.
B) Children of divorce spend an average of three years in a single-parent home.
C) At any given time, one-third of U.S. children live in single-parent households.
D) About two-thirds of divorced parents marry again.
Contemporary research suggests that the storm-and-stress notion of adolescence is
A) much worse for boys than for girls.
B) understated.
C) much worse for girls than for boys.
D) exaggerated.
In cultures where extended-family households and sibling caregiving are common,
make-believe is more frequent and complex with __________ than with __________.
A) older siblings; mothers
B) fathers; siblings
C) mothers; siblings
D) non-related agemates; family members
Two Apgar ratings are given in the minutes following birth
A) to help ensure high inter-rater reliability.
B) because some babies have trouble adjusting immediately but do quite well after a
few minutes.
C) because the two scores are averaged to arrive at a more reliable assessment.
D) because many babies who test well immediately rapidly decline in physical
condition.