1) raven is invited to her friend michelles birthday party. she is excited about buying
michelle a present because she understands that giving michelle a present will make her
friend happy. raven also gets personal satisfaction out of giving the present because it
makes her feel good. at which stage of social perspective taking is raven?
a. reciprocal perspective taking
b. undifferentiated perspective taking
c. differentiated perspective taking
d. egocentric perspective taking
2) research demonstrates that how a child is perceived by others can be influences by:
a. the childs attractiveness.
b. the childs physical size.
c. both the childs attractiveness and physical size.
d. neither the childs attractiveness nor physical size.
3) the process of using context, phonic, and sight-word knowledge to identify an
unknown word is called:
a. literacy.
b. reading.
c. decoding.
d. the phonemic awareness process.
4) christian demonstrates a great deal of affection and empathy toward his son, sean.
sean, in turn, engages in prosocial behaviors and has high moral standards. which
parenting characteristic does christians behavior reflect?
a. control and discipline
b. responsiveness
c. warmth
d. familialism
5) which of the following statements regarding social perspective taking is false?
a. perspective-taking skills are associated with various prosocial behaviors.
b. perspective-taking skills are important in moral development.
c. changes in perspective-taking throughout childhood are related to changes in
cognitive abilities.
d. most preschool children can put themselves in another persons shoes.
6) as a teacher of high-school seniors, at which level of ethnic perspective taking would
you expect most of your students to be?
a. group consciousness and ethnic identity
b. social and nonliteral understanding
c. integration of affective and perceptual understanding
d. literal understanding
7) another term for a languages vocabulary is its:
a. phonology.
b. syntax.
c. lexicon.
d. semantics.
8) the understanding that an entity remains the same despite superficial changes in its
form or physical appearance is:
a. conservation.
b. egocentrism.
c. scaffolding.
d. combinatorial reasoning.
9) one of the problems with research on single-parent families is that:
a. the research tends to focus on negative outcomes for children due to the stigma
attached to this family style.
b. most studies focus on the effects of female-headed households.
c. both of these
d. neither of these
10) compared to their counterparts in the united states, japanese teachers of
mathematics are more likely to:
a. focus on procedural skills over conceptual understanding.
b. teach mathematics as a set of isolated facts and skills to be learned incrementally.
c. refrain from showing students how to solve a mathematics problem.
d. see their role as breaking down complex tasks into smaller pieces while providing
opportunities for practice.
11) children in the concrete operations period of development would best be described
as:
a. practical.
b. active.
c. reflective.
d. intuitive.
12) which statement is not compatible with vygotskys theory?
a. children may be able to demonstrate a higher level of cognitive competence under the
guidance of more capable peers.
b. there are no universal patterns of development since cultures differ in terms of
developmental goals for children.
c. a childs development is individually constructed.
d. talking and problem solving first occur as a social activity and are then transformed
by the child into internal actions and thoughts.
13) friendships are characterized by closeness and self-disclosure in:
a. late adolescence.
b. early adolescence.
c. middle childhood.
d. early childhood.
14) sandra is concerned about the possible negative effects of her employment on her
childrens development. based on research, which of the following statements is a
warranted concern?
a. if sandras employment leads to decreased monitoring of her childrens activities, then
there may be negative effects.
b. sandras employment is likely to decrease the rate of her childrens cognitive
development, particularly if she uses a day care center for the majority of their care.
c. sandras employment will negatively affect her infants development, but not the
development of her older children.
d. sandras employment will lead her children to be more dependent on her because she
will not be around as often to fulfill their needs.
15) you work as a preschool teacher. you notice that one of your 3-year-old students
shows little interest in playing with peers or in combining toys and objects in
imaginative play. the student had difficulty pronouncing words so that they are
understandable. based on your knowledge of special needs, you suspect that this student
might have:
a. a specific learning disability.
b. a language and communication disorder.
c. mental retardation.
d. attention deficit disorder.
16) you are an early childhood teacher. in order to promote phonemic awareness, which
of the following strategies should you use with your students?
a. use songs, finger plays, poetry, and stories with rhyming words.
b. equip play areas with written materials that can be used in the childrens play.
c. play games that involve grouping objects by ending or beginning sounds.
d. all of these