One interpretation of the genetic evidence is that the intermixing of the Neandertal and
the modern human lineages
a. never occurred
b. occurred between 2 million and 1 million years ago
c. occurred between 80,000 and 50,000 years ago
d. occurred between 690,000 and 550,000 years ago
e. will be impossible to determine.
By the 17th century, some scientists were beginning to break with long-held traditions
and sought to investigate _______.
a. natural phenomena
b. the supernatural forces that created life
c. the structure of the DNA molecule
d. how genetic mutations occur
e. fertility rates
The Kow Swamp remains
a. are more robust than the Lake Mungo remains
b. are dated earlier than Lake Mungo remains
c. are from central Europe
d. were dated from museum collections and therefore dates may be invalid
e. suggest that native Australians are later migrants from elsewhere, not descendants of
a single migration dating back to about 50,000 ya.
Thus far, the earliest specimens of modern Homo sapiens are from which site?
a. Omo Kibish
b. Klasies River Mouth
c. Qafzeh
d. Cro-Magnon
e. Kow Swamp
Sahelanthropus has an unusual combination of characteristics, including
a. a small braincase, huge browridges, small vertical face, and lack of shearing
canine/premolar arrangement
b. a large braincase and huge browridges
c. a small braincase and small muscle attachments in the rear of the cranium
d. a small vertical face and small browridges
e. a large vertical face and small browridges
The analysis of the Herto remains indicates they are
a. most similar to Australopithecus
b. indistinguishable from modern Homo sapiens
c. most similar to late Homo erectus from China
d. not specifically similar to modern Homo sapiens
e. none of these
What are structural similarities between species that are based on common function and
not on common evolutionary descent called?
a. acquired
b. generalized
c. non-adaptive
d. analogies
e. homologies
The premodern human fossils from Africa and Europe are more similar to each other
than they are to the hominids from Asia.
Mechanisms for radiating body heat include which of the following?
a. increased production of red blood cells
b. vasodilation
c. vasoconstriction
d. increased activity levels
e. increased metabolic rate
Which of the following have been taught to use sign language?
a. baboons
b. chimpanzees
c. macaques
d. lemurs
e. vervets
What are the smallest New World anthropoids?
a. marmosets and tamarins
b. howler monkeys and baboons
c. spider monkeys and capuchin monkeys
d. squirrel monkeys and bonobos
e. macaques
Evidence for animal butchering is
a. lacking in Homo erectus sites
b. found only in African Homo erectus sites
c. found only in Asian Homo erectus sites
d. widespread in Homo erectus sites
e. found only at Dmanisi
What is an individual’s actual genetic make-up called?
a. phenotype
b. homozygosity
c. recessiveness
d. phenotypic ratio
e. genotype
Morphological variation between individuals within a species
a. may be the product of male/female morphological differences
b. is called interspecific variation
c. is of no concern to anthropologists
d. is unimportant when interpreting the fossil record
e. produces large numbers of identical individuals
In nonhuman primates, the hormonally initiated period of sexual receptivity is
a. called sexual dimorphism
b. called sexual reciprocity
c. typical of males
d. called estrus
e. is not significant
Thomas Malthus did not
a. propose that population size is kept in check by the availability of resources
b. writeAn Essay on the Principle of Population
c. influence the development of Darwin’s and Wallace’s theories of natural selection
d. enter the discussion of evolution as an economist
e. argue against limits to human population growth.
What is the name for DNA segments transcribed into mRNA and coded for specific
amino acids?
a. exons
b. codons
c. mutons
d. alleles
e. proteins
If we use the criteria of cell numbers, then _______ are the dominant life form on the
planet.
a. bacteria
b. viruses
c. humans
d. cockroaches
e. reptiles
Which of the following sites in western Europe may offer evidence for genetic
continuity between Neandertals and modern humans?
a. Abrigo do Lagar Velho
b. Tabun and Qafzeh
c. Qafzeh and Skhūl
d. Border Cave and Vindija
e. Cromagnon
The oldest possible hominin found to date has been given which genus name?
a. Australopithecus
b. Sahelanthropus
c. Zinjanthropus
d. Ardipithecus
e. Orrorin
While the world looks to____________for leadership to expand and strengthen with
broader and more rigorous binding agreements to cut carbon emissions,
_______________also fails to lend support.
a. South Africa, Indonesia
b. South America, Central America
c. Japan, Thailand
d. Europe, Australia
e. the United States, China
Cultural behavior
a. has never been observed in nonhuman primates
b. is learned
c. is purely genetic
d. has only been observed in chimpanzees
e. has only been observed in bonobos
Who was the first to actually attempt to explain the mechanism by which species
change?
a. Carolus Linnaeus
b. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
c. Charles Lyell
d. Charles Darwin
e. Erasmus Darwin
Evidence from Zhoukoudian suggests that Homo erectus
a. lived there continuously for over 250,00 years
b. were settled agriculturalists
c. was a scavenger
d. built wooden structures
e. kept domesticated animals
A genus may be defined as a group of
a. individuals who interbreed but who are reproductively isolated from other such
groups
b. closely related species
c. one or more species that do not differ from each other in basic ways
d. members of the same species
e. individuals more closely related to individuals of another species in another genus
Today, cultural anthropologists are involved in numerous avenues of research including
all of the following except
a. the study of subcultures
b. the resettlement of refugees
c. the relationship between cultural attributes and health and disease
d. the study of their own cultures
e. the study of city or urban areas that are no longer remote
Biological events that mark the transition to adolescence include all of the following
except
a. increase in body size
b. hormonal changes
c. changes in body shape
d. decrease in stature
e. increased development and enlargement of breasts and penises
The Nariokotome Homo erectus specimen
a. was discovered at Olduvai Gorge
b. is estimated to have been about 65 years old at death
c. is a young female
d. would have reached an adult height of around 6 feet
e. was destroyed in dating analysis
Genetic evidence indicates that all native Australians are descendants of a single
migration 50 kya.
The frequency of the O allele is almost 100 percent in indigenous
a. Northern Europeans
b. Chinese
c. Eurasians
d. Africans
e. South Americans
The following are characteristics of tarsiers except
a. Restricted to the islands of Southeast Asia
b. Mainly diurnal
c. Insectivore leaping from branch to branch to catch prey
d. Form stable bonds
e. Inhabit wide range of habitats