In arranged marriages:
a. The wife’s family never initiates the arrangement.
b. The couple always lives with the husband’s family (patrilocal residence).
c. The woman is valued for her economic potential.
d. Both families lose face (social status) if they reject the marriage offer.
e. Marriage brokers are frequently used.
Most of the members of the original Tirailleurs Senegalais were:
a. Children of the poor.
b. Sons of chiefs.
c. Sons of merchants.
d. Slaves.
e. Among the most educated people in their culture.
Compared with tribal societies, chiefdoms are likely to have:
a. Higher levels of internal violence.
b. Higher birth rates.
c. Greater rights for women.
d. Lesser rights for women.
e. Lower levels of internal violence.
A linguistic capacity to describe things that are not present is called:
a. Conventionality.
b. Displacement.
c. Productivity.
d. Openness.
e. Communication.
Ethnocentrism is the tendency for:
a. Every society to view itself as superior to others.
b. Every society to want to exploit the wealth of other societies.
c. Every individual to consider him/herself the equal of others.
d. Every individual to want to see another’s point of view.
e. Every society to value the group above the individual.
One of the most important functions of the clan across cultures is to:
a. Regulate marriage.
b. Manage economic affairs of the family.
c. Preserve the environment by sacred identification.
d. Determine political positions.
e. Educate young people.
The attitude toward magic and ritual among the Nacirema indicates that:
a. Technologically advanced societies do not use magic and ritual.
b. Too much magic and ritual will destroy a society.
c. Magic and ritual can be found in a wide variety of cultures.
d. North American society contains very little magic and ritual.
e. Only the weakest individuals in a society are likely to make use of magic and ritual.
National narratives are important to anthropology because:
a. Without them nothing could be known about a culture.
b. Listening to them gives us a deeper and broader understanding of the forces that
make a nation.
c. People would rather hear stories than listen to facts.
d. They often focus on violence rather than celebrating development.
e. While they do not lead to a greater understanding of culture, they are often highly
entertaining.
Which of the following had gained independence from European powers prior to World
War II?
a. Countries in Asia.
b. Countries in Africa.
c. Nations under control of the USSR.
d. Nations in the Americas.
e. Gibraltar.
When we say that human language is “conventional,” we mean that:
a. Humans are very conservative and rarely change their way of speaking.
b. The words in human languages have no inherent relationship to the things they stand
for.
c. All languages follow the same grammatical rules or conventions.
d. Human language was invented at a convention.
e. All human languages have basically the same structure and differences among them
are only superficial.
Cultural adaptation differs from biological adaptation in that the former:
a. Allows humans to respond to problems on a relatively immediate basis.
b. Has no relationship to the demands of the natural environment.
c. Plays only a small role in human behavioral change.
d. Has no connection with human biological differences.
e. Does not help human populations reproduce and expand their numbers.
Among Brazilian individuals of African descent, about how many identify themselves
as preta (black)?
a. 5 percent.
b. 15 percent.
c. 45 percent.
d. 65 percent.
e. 85 percent.
From the perspective of ecological functionalism, the Hindu taboo on eating beef is:
a. Irrational.
b. Symbolic of other types of relationships in society.
c. Adaptive to the long-run conditions of drought and crop shortages in India.
d. Based on a conscious understanding of ecological anthropology by Indians.
e. Maladaptive in India, considering the large numbers of people who do not have
enough to eat.
A critical hallmark of prayer is:
a. That it be done with reverence.
b. That it be addressed to an all-powerful god.
c. That its results depend on the will of the spirit world.
d. That it be spoken aloud.
e. That it be accompanied by some physical gesture (such as kneeling, bowing the head,
clasping the hands and so on).
Anthropologists consider that all of the following are characteristics of culture except:
a. Practiced by as few as one individual.
b. Patterned and integrated.
c. In some way adaptive.
d. Made up of learned behaviors.
e. Involving symbols.
Which of the following is the most important function of marriage?
a. Agreement between parties to maximize sexual competition.
b. Creation of a stable environment in which to raise children.
c. Arrangement between families for economic gains.
d. Accord between individuals so that they can obtain political status.
e. Ritual ordained by religion so that the church can endure.
Which of the following correctly characterizes bhangra?
a. A political party in India.
b. A form of art involving the braiding of hair.
c. A mixture of Punjabi folk music and British pop.
d. A form of sculpture combining Western with African characteristics.
e. A potter whose works have become known internationally.
A primary contribution of urban archaeologists is the development of:
a. New architecture based on traditional designs.
b. New methods of city governance.
c. New knowledge about people who resided at the site.
d. New insights into agriculture.
e. New information about traditional Native American lifestyles.
Anthropologists and activists have argued that female genital operations are all of the
following except:
a. Are grave violations of human rights.
b. Are affirmations of the value of women.
c. Should be legal in European nations.
d. Should be banned in European nations.
e. Should not be studied because they are not important.
One important use of applied archaeology mentioned in the text is:
a. To settle border disputes between modern nations.
b. To prove the fundamental truths of evolution.
c. To demonstrate the ancient presence of humans in the Americas and in China.
d. To demonstrate that no Europeans were present in North America before Columbus.
e. To increase agricultural yields by revitalizing ancient irrigation techniques.
The critical elements of any economic system are:
a. Reciprocity, redistribution, and market exchange.
b. Production, distribution, and consumption.
c. Currency, capital, and exchange.
d. Government, exchange, and consumption.
e. Agriculture, trade, and taxation.
Which of the following probably had the greatest effect on cultures worldwide?
a. The collapse of the Roman Empire.
b. The Declaration of Independence.
c. The French Revolution.
d. The expansion of European influence.
e. The formation of the United Nations.
According to Ferdinand de Saussure, language can best be separated into language
(langue) and speech (parole). The difference between these two things is best described
as:
a. Language is written and speech is spoken.
b. Language is an arbitrary and abstract system of signs that exists independently of any
speaker, speech is the actual performance of language by an individual speaker.
c. Language is the actual performance of speech by an individual speaker, while speech
is an arbitrary and abstract system of signs that exists independently of any speaker.
d. Language is formal and proper; speech is often slang.
e. Language does not exist if speech does not occur.
Anthropologists Heather Horst and Daniel Miller studied high levels of cell phone use
among Jamaicans in two different communities. Which of the following statements best
illustrates why Jamaicans use cell phones so regularly?
a. They are used to engage in long casual conversations about daily life.
b. They are used primarily to create social networks and request needed resources.
c. They are used as emergency technology in case the individual is in any kind of
danger.
d. They are used primarily among young people who are dating via cell phone.
e. They are used to order groceries and supplies on a daily basis.
Norms and values are both:
a. Controlled entirely by the dominant culture.
b. Timeless and unchanging because they are encoded in law and government.
c. Constantly changing and open to re-negotiation.
d. The result of substantial agreement between members of the dominant culture and
members of sub-cultures.
e. Timeless and unchanging because they are encoded in religion and mythology.
In which society are some children believed to be born chichuru (spirit children) if they
have physical abnormalities?
a. Western Brazil.
b. Northeastern Ghana.
c. Northern Africa.
d. Eastern South America.
e. Southwestern Europe.
All of the following are arguments commonly used to explain the existence of a gender
hierarchy except:
a. Women’s lowered status is due to the private/public dichotomy.
b. Women’s status is higher in societies where they do not have any domestic duties and
work, instead, outside of the home.
c. Women and men have differential status based on their distribution and exchange of
resources.
d. The expansion of capitalism and colonialism has had enormous impact on
non-Western gender hierarchies.
e. Male dominance correlates with the existence of ecological stress and warfare.
The “bigman” as a form of leadership is associated with:
a. Increasing food production and redistribution.
b. Decreasing food production and reciprocity.
c. Occupational specialization and market exchange.
d. Population decline and cultural disintegration.
e. Communal living and socialism.
Which of the following correctly identifies the sub-disciplines of anthropology?
a. Archaeology, Anthropometry, Cultural Anthropology, Paleontology, and Cultural
Relativity.
b. Archaeology, Cultural Anthropology, Cognitive Anthropology, Ethno-history, and
Linguistics.
c. Archaeology, Ethno-history, Anthropometry, Structural Anthropology, and Cultural
Anthropology.
d. Archaeology, Cultural Anthropology, Physical Anthropology, Applied Anthropology
and Linguistics.
e. Archaeology, Phonology, Medical Anthropology, Development Studies, and Cultural
Anthropology.
Traditionally in Korean villages, the eldest son inherited most of his parents’ property.
In return, he was required to:
a. Educate his brothers and sisters at the university.
b. Worship his parents as ancestors after their death.
c. Sell the remaining property at the best price he could get.
d. Live in a lavish life style to bring prestige to his family.
e. Live in relative poverty, assuring that brothers and sisters were well cared for.
In a patrilineal society:
a. Inheritance and succession flow in the male line.
b. Men marry their female cross cousins.
c. Women have no rights.
d. Children avoid their relatives on their mother’s side.
e. There is no Oedipal conflict.
In a society with matrilineal descent, the person with the most authority and
responsibility for a woman and her child is her:
a. Brother.
b. Son.
c. Sister.
d. Father.
e. Husband.
The difference between a productive resource and a capital resource is:
a. Capital resources can exist only in modern industrialized nations. Productive
resources exist everywhere.
b. Capital resources can exist only in modern industrialized nations. Productive
resources exist only in traditional societies.
c. The ownership of capital resources makes one wealthy, but the ownership of
productive resources does not.
d. Capital resources are used to generate profit for their owners, while productive
resources do not necessarily have this function.
e. Capital resources can be sold or inherited, productive resources cannot.
What arguments are there against the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? Why is this approach
not accepted by every linguist today?
According to Melissa Checker’s research in Hyde Park, Georgia, communities of color
and poor in the United States have made very important advances in environmental
protection laws and environmental oversight.
Conflict theory argues that specific cultural institutions function to support and serve
the needs of its people even when there is no consensus.
Once Franz Boas began teaching women and producing female PhDs, the bias against
women in anthropology began to diminish rapidly.
What are the two forms of nonunilineal descent?
Compare and contrast rebellion and revolution.
Name two major changes that have occurred to the Inuit people’s subsistence strategy
during the past few decades.
Female initiation rites in New Guinea stress the powers that women have over men.
Describe Marvin Harris’ analysis of Hindu cows in India using an ecological
functionalist approach.
How are Burakumin racially distinguished in Japan?
Define world art and give examples.
The predominant form of exchange in capitalist societies is __________.
Kinship is a culturally defined relationship.
What is a “national narrative”?
Distinguish between the emic and etic perspectives.
Define world music and give examples.