Reasoning scientifically requires the __________ capacity to evaluate one’s objectivity.
A)deductive
B)metacognitive
C)self-regulatory
D)self-conscious
During adolescence, the achievement of intimacy between dating partners typically
__________ that between friends.
A)occurs before
B)lags behind
C)occurs at about the same time as
D)substitutes for
When a 1-month-old kitten is put in the dark and kept there during the fourth week of life
and beyond, damage to visual centers of the brain is severe and permanent. This example
provides evidence of
A)brain plasticity.
B)synaptic pruning.
C)lateralization of the cerebral cortex.
D)sensitive periods in brain development.
Compared with North American Caucasian infants, Chinese and Japanese babies tend to be
A)less irritable.
B)more active.
C)less inhibited.
D)more vocal.
Which of the following statements about individual differences in early vocabulary growth
is true?
A)Boys are slightly ahead of girls in early vocabulary growth.
B)Shy toddlers’ vocabularies typically increase slowly after they start to speak.
C)Children from low-SES homes usually have smaller vocabularies than their higher-SES
agemates.
D)Boys and girls’ vocabularies tend to develop at the same rate.
Models are most influential in
A)adulthood.
B)adolescence.
C)middle childhood.
D)the early years.
__________ lead(s) adolescents to think more about themselves.
A) New insights into effective strategies for self-regulation fueled by neurological changes
B) The ability to reflect on their own thoughts, combined with physical and psychological
changes,
C)Individualistic values and a disregard for others’ feelings
D)Selfishness and poor problem-solving skills
Emerging adulthood is
A)experienced between ages 16 to 18 exclusively in industrialized nations.
B)a new transitional period extending from the late teens to the mid- to late twenties.
C)evident in nonindustrialized countries at the same rates as it is in industrialized nations.
D)a time of certainty and focus seen in approximately 85 percent of the world’s
twenty-somethings.
Compared to their agemates, adolescents from immigrant families are __________ likely
to __________.
A)more; commit delinquent and violent acts
B)more; use drugs and alcohol
C)more; have early sex
D)less; commit delinquent and violent acts
Due to the large amounts of time children in village and tribal cultures spend in contact
with adult work,
A)assumption of adult roles is met with resistance from children.
B)make-believe play is more complex and imaginative than in Western cultures.
C)adults restrict children’s activities to ones that they feel the child can safely perform.
D)parents have little need to rely on conversation and play to teach children.
Inspired by Charles Darwin’s work, G. Stanley Hall and his student, Arnold Gesell,
A)laid the modern foundations of ethology.
B)developed the concept of sensitive periods in development.
C)devised theories based on evolutionary ideas.
D)constructed the first intelligence test.
__________ is a modern substitute for the physical departure of the adolescent from the
home.
A)An initiation ceremony
B)Adolescent sensation seeking
C)Psychological distancing
D)Summer camp
Describe the germinal period, including the major developments that occur during this
period.
Explain the core knowledge perspective of cognitive development. What do critics say
about the perspective?
Describe gender schema theory, and explain how it affects individual differences in
children’s gender-typed views.
Discuss the development of gender identity in middle childhood, including the
self-evaluations that affect adjustment.
Describe some common forms of inadequate nutrition in the United States.
Discuss how motor vehicle use relates to childhood injuries. What are some ways to
minimize unintentional injuries during automobile travel?
Explain why students from ethnic minority backgrounds face difficulties in developing an
identity, and give suggestions on how to help minority adolescents resolve identity
conflicts constructively.
What are some ways that schools can prevent learned helplessness and foster a
mastery-oriented approach to learning?
Describe the features of friendship in middle childhood.
Summarize factors that account for the dramatic rise in fraternal twinning and other
multiple births in industrialized nations over the past several decades.