Research demonstrates that early make-believe play is
A) less frequent and rich in collectivist cultures than in individualistic cultures.
B) the combined result of children’s readiness to engage in it and social experiences that
promote it.
C) usually initiated by toddlers rather than their parents or older siblings.
D) discovered by toddlers independently, once they are capable of representational
schemes.
Dr. Frolicker shows a group of 4-year-olds a set of 10 items on a tray. She then mixes
them up with some unfamiliar items, and asks the children to point to the ones in the
original set. Dr. Frolicker is testing
A) recognition memory.
B) recall memory.
C) sustained attention.
D) episodic memory.
The rise in fear after 6 months is adaptive because it
A) keeps newly mobile babies’ enthusiasm for exploration in check.
B) enables the infant to overcome obstacles.
C) prevents the child from displaying stranger anxiety.
D) gives the infant a sense of shame and doubt.
Mr. Fiocanni is terminally ill. According to Kbler-Ross, Mr. Fiocanni may experience
which of the five typical responses to the prospect of death after the other responses fail
to postpone the illness?
A) denial
B) anger
C) bargaining
D) depression
Jennifer and Joel’s children reside with Joel and see Jennifer on a fixed schedule. Both
parents have an equal say in important decisions about their children’s upbringing.
Which type of custodial arrangement do they have?
A) coregulation
B) joint custody
C) paternal custody
D) mediated custody
Isabella’s mother died in May and her sister died in November. Isabella is at risk for
A) anticipatory grieving.
B) disenfranchised grief.
C) bereavement overload.
D) unestablished bereavement.
As a child, David was negative, restless, willful, and physically aggressive. By age 8,
he was already engaging in petty theft. Jason was a happy child who did well in school
but began displaying antisocial behavior around age 13, and gradually moved to more
severe delinquent acts. Which of the following statements about David and Jason is
true?
A) David is at higher risk for leading a life full of aggression and criminality.
B) Jason is at higher risk for leading a life full of aggression and criminality.
C) David will likely outgrow his delinquent behavior by middle adolescence.
D) David and Jason are at equal risk for a life full of aggression and criminality.
Which of the following athletes’ skills will probably peak latest in life?
A) Rod, a sprinter
B) Reba, a tennis player
C) Rolf, a long-distance runner
D) Rita, a high-jumper
According to Holland, the __________ person prefers working with objects and tends
to choose a mechanical occupation.
A) enterprising
B) realistic
C) conventional
D) artistic
Conservation refers to the
A) failure to distinguish others’ symbolic viewpoints from one’s own.
B) belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities, such as thoughts, wishes,
feelings, and intentions.
C) inability to mentally go through a series of steps in a problem and then reverse
direction, returning to the starting point.
D) idea that certain physical characteristics of objects remain the same, even when their
outward appearance changes.
Which of the following statements about sex differences in adolescent depression is
true?
A) In developing countries, rates of depression are similar for males and females.
B) Early-maturing boys are especially prone to depression.
C) Adolescent gender intensification may strengthen boys’ tendency to ruminate on
their problems.
D) Adolescents of both genders who identify strongly with “masculine” traits are more
depressed.
When a doctor ends a suffering patient’s life without the patient’s permission, the doctor
is practicing
A) involuntary active euthanasia.
B) assisted suicide.
C) voluntary active euthanasia.
D) passive euthanasia.
Which of the following statements is supported by research on dynamic assessment?
A) Dynamic assessments have been criticized for being more culturally biased than
traditional intelligence tests.
B) Children’s capacity to transfer what they have learned to novel problems contributes
substantially to gains in intelligence test performance.
C) Most experts believe that dynamic assessment provides a more accurate prediction
of academic achievement and vocational success than traditional intelligence tests.
D) In some instances, dynamic assessment can underestimate the abilities of ethnic
minority children.
Infants engage in __________ by actively seeking emotional information from a trusted
person in an uncertain situation.
A) self-control
B) give-and-take
C) emotional self-regulation
D) social referencing
Like anger, expressions of fear
A) are less intense than expressions of sadness.
B) decrease in intensity and frequency with age.
C) occur less frequently in the second half of the first year.
D) rise from the second half of the first year into the second year.
Authoritarian parents
A) make few or no demands.
B) permit children to make age-appropriate decisions.
C) rarely listen to the child’s point of view.
D) are emotionally detached and withdrawn.
__________ directly undergo abnormal cell duplication.
A) Tumor suppressor genes
B) Oncogenes
C) T cells
D) Germline mutations
During the school years, children refine their __________, organizing their
observations of behaviors and internal states into general dispositions.
A) self-concept
B) self-esteem
C) self-control
D) remembered self
Four-year-old Cain watches an adult dress a boy doll in girl’s clothing. Cain is likely to
insist that the doll
A) is a boy wearing a dress.
B) is androgynous.
C) is now a girl.
D) looks pretty.
__________ problem-solving abilities show improvement as adults age.
A) Traditional
B) Health-related
C) Abstract
D) Linguistic
Josh is irregular in daily routines, is slow to accept new experiences, and tends to react
negatively and intensely. In Thomas and Chess’s research, Josh would be classified as
a(n) __________ child.
A) slow-to-warm-up
B) uninhibited
C) difficult
D) easy
The continuous view of development holds that
A) infants and children have unique ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
B) infants and preschoolers respond to the world in much the same way as adults do.
C) infants and children respond to the world quite differently than adults do.
D) new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge at specific times.
Frankie and Mike are a dual-earner couple. They would like to have a better balance
between work and family. Which of the following is good advice to help them combine
their work and family roles?
A) Frankie should set the standard for child care and be the family child-rearing expert.
B) Both should critically evaluate the time they devote to work in view of their family
values and priorities.
C) While Mike should take on an equal share of child-care responsibilities, Frankie can
take on a greater share of household duties because she can do them more efficiently.
D) Both should understand that family life needs to accommodate to work demands. It
is probably not possible to adjust work roles to meet family needs.
At birth, newborns prefer __________ to __________.
A) pure tones; noise
B) pure tones; complex sounds
C) pure tones; voices
D) complex sounds; pure tones
Awareness of object permanence is not yet complete in Piaget’s Substage 4 because
A) babies still make the A-not-B search error.
B) babies’ schemes have a hit-or-miss quality.
C) babies’ schemes appear as sudden solutions.
D) babies are not yet able to retrieve hidden objects.
For most people, language is
A) housed entirely in the right hemisphere of the cerebral cortex.
B) not localized in either hemisphere of the brain,
C) housed largely in the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex.
D) acquired quickly, without trial and error.
Yuki’s reduced sensitivity to sweet, salty, sour, and bitter flavors was evident by age 60,
but __________ can help make her food more attractive.
A) socializing at mealtimes
B) artistic arrangements
C) trying new recipes
D) flavor additives
During the period of the embryo, the __________ becomes the __________.
A) mesoderm; nervous system, lungs, internal organs, and skin
B) chorion; endocrine system, muscles, placenta, and skeleton
C) ectoderm; circulatory system, skin, skeleton, and internal organs
D) endoderm; digestive system, lungs, urinary tract, and glands
The longest stage of labor is the
A) second, delivery of the baby.
B) first, delivery of the placenta.
C) third, delivery of the placenta.
D) first, dilation and effacement of the cervix.
Mrs. Van Dalen often tells stories about people and events from her childhood, and
reports associated thoughts and feelings. Mrs. Van Dalen is engaged in
A) gerotranscendence.
B) reminiscence.
C) life review.
D) affect optimization.
Lynn, a Canadian, and Sasha, a Russian, are probably about _____ percent genetically
identical.
A) 50.1
B) 75.1
C) 90.1
D) 99.1