What event ended the transportation of felons to North America?
a. The American Revolution
b. The philosophical writings of the Enlightenment
c. Publication of The Fatal Shore
d. Passage of the Humanitarian Act in Parliament
Under the _________ waiver system, the prosecutor has the discretion of filing charges
for certain legislatively designated offenses in either juvenile or criminal court.
a. direct file
b. excluded offense
c. judicial
d. reverse
__________ terrorism uses violence as a method of influence, persuasion, or
intimidation to get people to accept their social, religious, or political views.
a. Revolutionary
b. Political
c. National
d. Retributive
Shari is 16 years old. She used to get good grades but recently she is moody and
unfocused in school and often has trouble completing tasks. She has never been in
trouble with the law but she has grown up in a socioeconomically challenged situation
with very little family support. No one showed up for her last parent”teacher conference
and her teachers are concerned about her current situation at home.
When Shari was taken into custody by the truancy officer, why did the officer have to
call her parents before she was questioned?
a. This is used instead of Miranda rights.
b. She is a child in need of supervision.
c. Because of In re Winship.
d. Juveniles have the same Miranda rights as adults.
Noninterventionists support the placement of first-time offenders who commit minor
crimes into informal community-based treatment programs.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is not a landmark Supreme Court case that deals with the legal
rights of probationers?
a. United States v. Weeks
b. Minnesota v. Murphy
c. Griffin v. Wisconsin
d. United Sates v. Knights
The US Supreme Court is composed of ____ members that are ________.
a. 7; appointed for 8 year terms
b. 9; appointed for lifetime terms
c. 9; elected by the voters during the presidential election
d. 10; recommended by Congress
The Kansas City Gun Experiment is an example of:
a. problem-oriented policing.
b. community policing.
c. reactive patrolling.
d. a police crackdown targeting a specific type of crime problem.
An arrestee can be given a police field citation release by the arresting officer. This is a
promise to appear in court that is given at or near the actual time and location of arrest.
a. True
b. False
One form of adaption to a female prison is the creation of the make-believe family.
a. True
b. False
Intoxication is only a viable defense if it is involuntary.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following is false regarding stand-your-ground laws?
a. All states have stand-your-ground laws.
b. Florida’s stand-your-ground law permits the use of deadly force when a person
reasonably believes it necessary to prevent the commission of a forcible felony.
c. The stand-your-ground laws in some states extend to public places.
d. The stand-your-ground law in Florida permits deadly force to prevent the
commission of a carjacking.
The most prominent technology used in law enforcement is deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) profiling.
a. True
b. False
The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) provides information on the personal characteristics
of offenders that is not available from any other sources, such as attitudes, values, and
beliefs.
a.True
b.False
The juvenile court labels ungovernable, habitually disobedient, and truant children to
be:
a. status offenders.
b. juvenile delinquents.
c. chancery children.
d. deprived children.
Length of investigation is associated with success of investigation operations.
a. True
b. False
Intoxication and age are examples of:
a. legal defenses used to negate the required proof of mens rea.
b. legal defenses that negate the required proof of actus reus.
c. defenses based on double jeopardy.
d. legal defenses based on a presumption of conclusive incapacitation.
Due process of law is found in the Fourth Amendment.
a. True
b. False
What was created in 1326 to assist the shire reeve in controlling the county?
a. Sheriff
b.Constable
c. Bobbie
d.Justice of the peace
What entity initially sets down the conditions or rules of behavior that must be followed
by the probationer?
a. The court
b. The correctional authority
c. The victim’s assistance office
d. A private, third-party contractor
Bob is leaving the medical marijuana dispensary with his 6 ounces, which is legal under
the law. He drops his purchase and drives away, unaware that he no longer has his
marijuana. Sue is walking down the street when she becomes the lucky recipient of 6
ounces of marijuana. When Bob realizes his mistake he goes back to find Sue getting
high on the corner, he calls the police claiming Sue stole his marijuana.
After Sue’s release from jail, Bob gets high on the street and follows her back to her
house where a physical fight ensues. Sue dies from her injuries. Bob claims he had no
such intent and is surprised and disgusted by his actions. Bob believes the marijuana he
bought on the street was laced with phencyclidine (PCP). What would be his best
defense in court?
a. Duress
b. Intoxication
c. Insanity
d. Self-defense
You have just been put on administrative leave for screaming at and hitting a teen with
a nightstick who was loitering and skateboarding in a public area because he disobeyed
your order to cease and desist. Until you see the video of yourself on YouTube, secretly
recorded by a third party, you didn’t realize how angry you had become after being
disrespected and disobeyed by the teen.
When you took this teen into custody for loitering and skateboarding in a public area,
he wanted to call his mom from the squad car. The teen tells his mom that he was
wrong and he was arrested. You now have evidence that you did your job and that the
teen violated the ordinance against loitering and skateboarding. Why can”t you use this
statement against him?
a. He is a minor.
b. You didn’t Mirandize him.
c. You don”t have a second officer as a witness.
d. You were subsequently put on administrative leave.
Jessica has been in trouble with the law for as long as she can remember. Her first crime
was shoplifting a candy bar from the drugstore. Since then she has moved on to more
substantial shoplifting and stealing. She is currently on probation and is paying
restitution to a victim for a previous theft. Now Jessica has been arrested for home
invasion and robbery.
With Jessica’s new charge of home invasion and robbery, she will likely be sentenced to
prison time. What component of the system will she serve her sentence in?
a. Corrections
b. Institutional supervision
c. Courts
d. Police
Gary has just been granted parole. He served 7 of his 10 year sentence because he was
mostly well behaved; he worked in the captain’s office and got an accounting degree
inside prison. When he is released, his partner doesn”t want to see him and his parents
won”t let him stay with them until he gets a job and proves that he is no longer a
criminal.
Gary feels like an outsider. He can”t seem to get a job despite his college degree and
everyone looks at him as if he is going to steal from them. He is not a criminal and is
tired of being treated like one. He is just about ready to commit another crime so he can
go back to his friends on the inside. Which of the following is not one of the reasons
why this feeling is common among parolees?
a. They can”t find a job.
b. He doesn”t have a place to live and his psychologist can”t help him.
c. Prison rarely addresses the psychological and economic needs of offenders.
d. Restorative justice programs.
Dwayne is the Chief of Police for Big City, Ohio. He has money in his budget to hire
new police officers and maintain and boost morale by offering bonuses. Dwayne
happens to have a girlfriend with whom he has become increasingly serious. He would
like to buy her some jewelry but his wife doesn”t know of his infidelity and certainly
can”t know that his affair has turned serious enough to buy jewelry. His wife actually
knows about his girlfriend and has become addicted to pain pills in an attempt to forget
about Dwayne’s infidelity.
When Dwayne borrows $15,000, he gets a visit from the Internal Affairs Board (IAB).
Apparently, the IAB had already convened a grand jury to investigate him for using his
city budget to take his girlfriend out to eat at expensive restaurants. What is next for
Dwayne?
a. He will be arrested.
b. He will be charged.
c. He will be indicted by a grand jury.
d. A presentment is issued.
In which phase of probation does motivational interviewing occur?
a. Presentence investigation
b. Intake
c. Diagnosis
d. Treatment
The availability of legalized abortion is one factor that has recently been theorized to
explain the drop in crime rates.
a.True
b.False
Which of the following is an index crime?
a.Kidnapping
b. Forgery
c.Simple assault
d.Motor vehicle theft
What common-law practice allowed judges to suspend punishment so that convicted
offenders could seek a pardon, gather new evidence, or demonstrate that they had
reformed their behavior?
a. Judicial reprieve
b. Recognizance
c. Probation
d. The wergild
Jill has two children and stays at home with them. She got into trouble when she hurt
her back and got addicted to the pain pills her doctor prescribed. When she couldn”t get
any more pills, she went searching the streets for something else to take the pain away.
She would leave her kids with her mom and disappear for days while getting addicted
to heroin. Jill just got through the classification process at the women’s correctional
facility and has found out that she is pregnant with twins.
Jill isn”t supposed to be friends with the correctional officers, but it turns out that one of
the correctional officers that maintains security on the cell block went to high school
with Jill. They even dated the same guy years ago. What is the major problem with Jill
and the correctional officer being friends?
a. The duality of the correctional officer’s role.
b. Jill will likely turn on her correctional officer friend someday to exploit her.
c. The other inmates on Jill’s cell block are jealous.
d. Jill will be moved to a special wing to give birth.
The efforts of the child savers prompted the development of the first comprehensive
juvenile court in 1899.
a. True
b. False
Jeff Johnson is the newest judge to take the bench in the fifth district of Virginia. He
spent 25 years as a prosecutor before being elected to the court. He is known for his
lenient views on drugs and his extreme conservative views on crimes of violence. Judge
Johnson is about to sentence a drug offender who has been convicted for the third time.
Judge Johnson views drug abuse as a sickness and a public health issue, not a criminal
issue. What type of sentencing for this defendant would the judge likely favor?
a. Concurrent sentencing
b. Indeterminate sentencing
c. Determinate sentencing
d. Structured sentencing
The modern practice of legally separating adult criminals and juvenile offenders can be
traced back to two developments in English custom and law that occurred centuries
ago, one of which is::
a. the Carriers case
b. Chancery Courts
c. In re Gault
d. Parens patriae
Grant was arrested for unlawful possession of a firearm, a misdemeanor in New York
State. He is involved in a custody battle with his ex-wife and he brought the gun with
him to scare her into letting him see his daughter more often. They got into a shouting
match and he pulled the gun out. Grant was arrested and he pled guilty to disorderly
conduct, a handgun violation, and was given probation.
Even though Grant and his ex-wife don”t see eye to eye, the likelihood that Grant will
successfully complete his term of probation is high because:
a. he wants to see his daughter.
b. he does not have a past criminal history.
c. the judge will put him in jail if he doesn”t comply.
d. he is getting counseling for his anger issues.
Yakuza is a prolific African transnational crime gang.
a. True
b. False
____________________ is cyber crime with malicious intent, by the desire for revenge,
and to inflict wanton destruction.
The ___________ is a correctional philosophy suggesting that inmates need treatment
rather than punishment to aid in their reform.
Global criminal conspiracies designed to obtain power and influence or monetary gains
that cross nation states and legal jurisdictions are termed ____________.
According to the _____________________ some people encounter problems during
their early development that cause an imbalance in their personality.
Discuss the legal rights of juveniles, including specific reference to at least two relevant
legal cases.
_______ is the use of scientific techniques to investigate questions of interest to the
justice system to solve crimes.
List and briefly discuss the arguments for and against the death penalty.
In response to the concerns of environmentalists, the federal government has passed
_______________________ acts to protect the nation’s well being.
A ___ __ __ is designed to restrict the maximum time after an event that legal
proceedings may be initiated.
After the Norman conquest of England in 1066, royal judges would decide what to do
in each case using local custom and rules of conduct as a guide in a system known as
____________________.
Inmates with long histories of delinquent and antisocial behavior may have
________________ their antisocial behavior into prison.
Elaborate on the major goals of criminal sentencing. Discuss the message each goal is
attempting to convey to the offender.
Helping people take their own lives is referred to as ________.
Discuss three issues that are present when bail is considered.
Explain the three significant methods used to measure the nature and extent of crime.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
The ____________________ view of crime suggests that moral entrepreneurs define
crime.
One of the most successful federal efforts at enforcing cyber laws is the
______________________________.
Outline the tenets and significance of developmental theory for explaining crime.
The ______________ is performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after
the conviction of a defendant.
The ________ is the top administrator of the police department who sets policy and has
general control over departmental practices.