What are three key attributes related to human uniqueness?
a. eating, sleeping, and watching television
b. increased hunting, speech, and dependence on domesticated food
c. hunting, avoiding predators, and tool making
d. sleeping, hunting, and making clothing
Strepsirhines have a special lower incisor called a:
a. bilophodont.
b. two-ridge tooth.
c. diastema.
d. tooth comb.
Which anatomical feature would you expect to find in the fossil remains of a nocturnal
species?
a. long legs
b. pointy teeth
c. large eye orbits
d. short fingers and toes
The relevance of the theory of uniformitarianism is that it:
a. supports the theory of catastrophism.
b. proves that changes to the earth were caused by cataclysmic events like earthquakes
and floods.
c. allowed the understanding of evidence of change in the geological past by
understanding what we see in the present day.
d. demonstrates that the earth is 4.4 billion years old, based on geologic evidence from
stratigraphic layers.
Which Eocene organisms had clear primate characteristics like a postorbital bar,
opposable thumbs, nails, and a large brain?
a. proprimates and euprimates
b. adapids and omomyids
c. basal anthropoids
d. plesiadapiforms
Homo erectus‘s cranial capacity:
a. is always less than 1,000 cc.
b. is always more than 800 cc.
c. ranges from 650 cc to 1,200 cc.
d. ranges from 900 cc to 1,200 cc.
Franz Boas:
a. was a strong supporter of the race concept.
b. created racial categories based on living populations in the United States.
c. showed that U.S.-born children had the same head shapes as their immigrant parents.
d. showed that U.S.-born children had different head shapes than their immigrant
parents.
The type of selection that favored progressively larger brain size in human evolution is
_______ selection.
a. natural
b. directional
c. stabilizing
d. disruptive
Just before the arrival of the Spanish on St. Catherines Island, people there:
a. were primarily fishermen.
b. had adopted maize agriculture.
c. became the first farmers of the region.
d. were vegetarians by choice.
Another name for the evolutionary force called gene flow is:
a. the “founder effect.”
b. “disruptive selection.”
c. “admixture.”
d. “transposition.”
For women with very low body weight, high amounts of exercise can result in:
a. increased female fertility.
b. increased ovarian function.
c. a reduced ability to conceive relative to women who do not exercise.
d. higher rates of conception than in women who do not exercise.
Diversity in primate societies means that primates:
a. express themselves socially through a wide range of behaviors.
b. encompass a variety of species with similar behaviors.
c. can be classified into particular species exhibiting one type of behavior.
d. are just as diverse in their behavior as are humans.
The best-documented case of industrial melanism involves:
a. Galpagos finches.
b. dung beetles.
c. monarch butterflies.
d. peppered moths.
The space between the canine and the first premolar in the lower jaw of some primates
is a(n):
a. retrocanine space.
b. alveolus.
c. mandibular gap.
d. diastema.
The foundational behavior of hominins was:
a. hunting.
b. tool use.
c. bipedalism.
d. speech.
The discoverer of Pithecanthropus erectus was:
a. Eugene Dubois.
b. Time White.
c. Behane Asfaw.
d. Yohannes Haile-Selassie.
Beginning more than 3 mya, at least two lineages of hominin emerged, one that led to
the genus Homo and one that:
a. included the now extinct descendants of Au. afarensis.
b. gave rise to the genus Ardipithecus.
c. was an evolution of other australopithecine lineages.
d. ended with Au. africanus.
What were the three key observations made by Darwin that allowed him to deduce that
natural selection is a primary driver of evolution?
a. Species change and adapt based on environmental pressure, individuals change
within their lifetime, and offspring inherit the changes.
b. Genetic drift, gene flow, and mutations provide the change necessary in populations
that affect future generations.
c. Organisms produce more offspring than survive, variation exists among members of
populations, and advantageous variations increase in relative frequency over time.
d. The number of adults tends to remain the same over time, individuals vary very little
over time, and natural selection works on only the best of those adults in each
generation.
The masticatory-functional hypothesis states that:
a. over time there was a clear reduction in the size of the face and jaws.
b. tooth and jaw size have decreased over time.
c. change in skull form represents a response to decreased demands on the chewing
muscles.
d. tooth and jaw size increased over time.
Archaic Homo sapiens:
a. occurs only in Europe and Asia.
b. shows a mixture of Homo erectus and Homo sapiens traits.
c. is dated to the late Pliocene.
d. is often found with Oldowan stone tools.
Natural selection favored alleles for light skin in:
a. Africa.
b. Europe.
c. South America.
d. Australia.
A hypothesis is:
a. another word for a theory.
b. a testable statement that potentially explains specific phenomena observed in the
natural world.
c. a statement concerning scientific facts assumed to be true.
d. unable to be refuted by future investigations.
Dental caries in the New World increased at the same time that populations were
producing:
a. nuts.
b. corn.
c. seeds.
d. animal protein.
Down syndrome can occur:
a. as a result of translocation during mitosis.
b. because of nondisjunction, which yields an extra chromosome.
c. most frequently in the offspring of women under the age of 40.
d. most frequently in the offspring of men under the age of 40.
The arboreal hypothesis proposes that defining primate characteristics were adaptations
to life in the trees, such as:
a. grasping hands and feet, developed vision, and greater intelligence.
b. grasping hands, tails, and intelligence.
c. developed vision, greater sense of smell, and tails.
d. developed vision, greater sense of smell, and grasping hands and feet.
The discovery of modern/archaic hybrid fossils supports which model of modern
human origins?
a. out-of-Africa
b. multiregional continuity
c. assimilation
d. None of these models supports such a discovery.
Three key factors that contribute to a female primate’s success at feeding are:
a. speed, agility, and strength.
b. source, quantity, and safety.
c. quality, distribution, and availability of food.
d. cooperation, altruism, and quantity for sharing.
Primates have long growth and development periods because:
a. they are like other mammals in taking a long time to develop to sexual maturity.
b. on average they are smaller bodied than most other mammals.
c. they have higher intelligence and larger brains relative to other animals.
d. the areas of the brain associated with smell and hearing are expanded in primates.
Wolff’s law:
a. is the principle that the lengths of limb bones are related to environmental conditions.
b. applies to the maintenance of the entire endocrine system.
c. states that after puberty there will be almost no further remodeling of bone when it is
under stress.
d. refers to the homeostatic balance leading to bone mass being produced where it is
needed and removed where it is not needed.
The two suborders of primates are:
a. platyrrhine and catarrhine.
b. prosimians and anthropoids.
c. pongidae and hominidae.
d. tarsiers and anthropoids.
Taphonomy is the study of:
a. human cultural remains.
b. human genetics.
c. the processes that affect an organism’s remains after death.
d. the processes that affect a living organism through life.
If two alleles influencing the expressed phenotype for a trait are equally expressed, this
is an
example of:
a. polymorphism.
b. codominance.
c. pleiotropy.
d. Mendelian inheritance.
Relative to body size, primate brain size is:
a. proportional to human brain size.
b. more or less the same in large and small primates.
c. smaller than in other large mammals.
d. larger among great apes than among other primates.