Dr. Mastick believes that language is a uniquely human accomplishment etched into the
structure of the brain. Dr. Mastick’s views are consistent with which theory of language
development?
A)behaviorism
B)nativism
C)interactionism
D)psychoanalytic
In an effort to overcome some of the limitations of traditional developmental designs, Dr.
Francisco conducted several similar cross-sectional studies at varying times. Dr. Francisco
used the __________ design.
A)longitudinal
B)experimental
C)sequential
D)correlational
Which of the following statements about automobile accidents and adolescent drivers is
true?
A)Graduated licensing laws greatly reduce adolescent traffic fatalities.
B)Parent-child communication has no preventive effect on automobile accidents.
C)Girls account for the majority of adolescent automobile fatalities in the United States.
D)U.S. adolescent automobile fatalities have risen steadily over the past 35 years.
According to ecological systems theory, a parent’s workplace is in the
A)microsystem.
B)mesosystem.
C)exosystem.
D)macrosystem.
Research shows that young children use private speech
A)because they have difficulty with perspective taking.
B)when they are engaged in cooperative dialogues.
C)when tasks are appropriately challenging.
D)when they cannot find a conversational partner.
Professor Patil believes that babies are born with a set of innate knowledge systems. Each
of these prewired understandings permits a ready grasp of new, related information and
therefore supports early, rapid development. Professor Patil’s beliefs are consistent with the
__________ perspective.
A)nativist
B)core knowledge
C)information-processing
D)social-interactionist
Brianna, age 4, eats only pasta, bread, and chicken. Which of the following would you
suggest to Brianna’s parents to encourage their daughter to eat new foods?
A)Serve her only new foods so that she has no other choices.
B)Repeatedly expose her to new foods without any direct pressure to eat them.
C)Add sugar or butter to new foods, and offer dessert if she eats them.
D)Refuse to serve pasta until she tries at least one new food.
When Erin takes her brother’s book away and makes him cry, Erin’s father says, “Your
brother is crying because you took his book away. Your behavior disappointed me.” Erin’s
father is using __________ as a means of influencing Erin.
A)coercion
B)empathy-based guilt
C)fear of loss of parental love
D)shame
Research using the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME)
indicates that
A)preschoolers who develop well intellectually have homes rich in educational toys and
books.
B)preschoolers who develop well intellectually have parents who resolve conflicts with
punishment.
C)HOME scores predict academic achievement better than IQ scores.
D)the organization of the physical environment predicts IQ gains only among high-SES
children.
Because the environments of most twin pairs are less diverse than those of the general
population,
A)heritability estimates are likely to exaggerate the role of heredity.
B)it is often difficult to determine the heritability estimate.
C)it is often difficult to conduct a kinship study.
D)heritability estimates are likely to exaggerate the role of the environment.
In non-Western village cultures, young children
A)seldom engage in question asking with adults.
B)rarely ask why-questions, aimed at getting explanations.
C)receive more informative answers from adults than do Western children.
D)are discouraged from asking too many questions.