Horticulture refers to low-intensity farming, including the use of slash-and-burn
techniques.
Continual expansion is one of the characteristic features of industrial economic
systems.
Globalization promotes intercultural communication, migration, and commerce.
The residents of Newtok, Alaska, believe that it will cost much more than the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers estimate to relocate their village.
Interpretive anthropology presents ethnography as a dialogue between the
anthropologist and one or more native informants.
An illness is a scientifically identified health threat caused by a bacterium, virus,
fungus, parasite, or other pathogen.
Religion is a cultural generalitythat is, it is found in most, but not all, societies.
Intensive agriculture has the benefit of increasing ecological diversity.
Communitas is the strong feeling of collective unity shared by individuals at the core of
society, who define themselves in opposition to the society’s liminal members.
A mode of production is a way of organizing production, whereas the means of
production include land, labor, and technology.
Cultural resource management (CRM) refers to the efforts of peripheral nations to
develop tourism focused on their cultural heritage, past and present.
Anthropologists use the term society to refer to customs and traditions passed from
generation to generation through learning.
Racial classifications do not accurately represent the wide diversity of biological traits
present among human populations.
The cargo cults of Melanesia paved the way for the unified political action of
indigenous communities.
The designer Dior changed the image of male model from a thin juvenile to a rugged
outdoorsman.
The study of material remains like potsherds, buildings, ships, and garbage falls under
the subdiscipline of archaeological anthropology.
Totems are animals, plants, or geographical features from which members of a totemic
group claim to be descended.
Gender stratification tends to be extreme in patrilineal-patrilocal societies.
Only people living in the industrialized, capitalist countries of Western Europe and the
United States are ethnocentric.
The market principle dominates in the economies of foraging societies.
In rural Greece, some p brides receive a wealth transfer from their mothers as a kind of
trust fund for her marriage
An anthropologist should only have one key cultural consultant for the culture he or she
is studying.
Health care systems refer to the nationalized health care services that only exist in core
industrial nations.
When indigenous peoples are incorporated into modern nation-states, they usually
become ethnic minorities.
Acculturation can occur with or without firsthand contact between groups.
Oversimplified ideas about the characteristics of males and females are known as
gender roles.
Medical anthropology is strictly an applied field within anthropology.
According to Marx, the bourgeoisie includes people who must sell their labor to
survive.
Cross-culturally, women’s activities tend to be associated with the home, while men are
generally more active in the public domain.
In a rite of passage, people experiencing liminality together form a community of
equals.
The cargo cults of Melanesia predated the arrival of Europeans in the region.
No hypodescent rule developed in Brazil to ensure that whites and blacks remained
separate.
The Tsimane of Bolivia are the most studied indigenous people in the Western
Hemisphere.
Academic anthropology refers to the use of anthropological knowledge and methods to
identify and solve social problems.
An ethnoecology is any society’s set of environmental practices and perceptions.
In unilineal descent, one’s ancestry is traced through either the male or the female line
(not both).
To receive international loans, governments of developing countries have been required
to accept neoliberal principles.
The distinction between emic and etic perspectives does not apply to American culture.
The experience of hyperventilation upon reaching a high altitude environment
illustrates a long-term physiological adaptation to high altitude.
The type of pastoral economy in which the entire group moves with the animals
throughout the year. is
A. nomadism.
B. migration.
C. transhumance.
D. potlatching.
E. redistribution.
The three positions that nations occupy in the world system are.
A. core, periphery, and semiperiphery
B. metropole, satellite, and semi satellite
C. state, nation-state, and nation
D. wealth, power, and prestige
E. bourgeoisie, middle class, and proletariat
Contrast two of the following: (a) band leaders, (b) village heads, (c) big men, (d)
chiefs. Discuss how these political figures attain – and keep – their leadership positions.
Discuss the extent to which they can they enforce their decisions, and relate how
permanent their political roles are.
Answer:Answers will vary.
__________ describes the cultural change that results when two or more cultures have
continuous contact.
A. Acculturation
B. Enculturation
C. Independent invention
D. Colonization
E. Imperialism
__________ refers to all of a language’s morphemes and their meanings.
A. Syntax
B. Lexicon
C. Ethnosemantics
D. Ethnoscience
E. Phonology
Many postcolonial countries, especially in Africa, formed when
A. indigenous tribes united to overthrow colonial powers and found their own
countries.
B. colonial powers lumped and separated indigenous groups into arbitrary countries.
C. war between eastern and western Africa eventually divided the continent into
countries.
D. Colonial powers tried to form countries based on keeping indigenous people of the
same culture together in the same country.
E. None of the above is correct.
__________ refers to the process by which humans innovate to creatively find solutions
to problems.
A. Enculturation
B. Acculturation
C. Independent invention
D. Globalization
E. Diffusion
In general, societies with the patrilineal-patrilocal complex are not characterized by
A. scarce resources.
B. inheritance of land and prestige through female lines.
C. a strongly developed public-domestic dichotomy.
D. male control of prestige goods.
E. increased inter-village warfare.
According to Tylor, ___________ is the idea that a person’s body is inhabited by two
entities.
A. olympianism
B. totemism
C. animism
D. mana
E. polytheism
Linguists believe that
A. only 120 languages are now spoken in the world.
B. the number of languages spoken in the world is increasing rapidly.
C. nothing can be done to preserve linguistic diversity.
D. all people should study English in order to facilitate cross-cultural communication.
E. the world’s linguistic diversity has been cut in half over the past 500 years.
Salvage ethnography is the
A. recording of cultural diversity that is threatened by Westernization.
B. recovering of an archaeological site that is about to be destroyed by a public building
or road.
C. rewriting an ethnography that was written in the ethnographic present.
D. recording linguistic diversity that is about to become extinct.
E. making sure that ethnography remains an important part of anthropology.
Ascribed status is a
A.status that a person has little or no choice about occupying
B.status that a person chooses
C.status that a person earns, as when a successful law student becomes a lawyer
D.position of dominance in a society
E.status based on standardized test scores
__________ refers to the practice of marrying a person outside of the group to which
one belongs.
A. Incest
B. Exogamy
C. Hypogamy
D. Endogamy
E. Polygamy
Anthropology may help the progress of education by enabling educators to avoid all of
the following except
A. indiscriminate assignment of nonnative speakers of English to the same classrooms
as children with “behavior problems.”
B. tolerance of ethnic diversity.
C. incorrect application of labels (e.g., “learning impaired”).
D. sociolinguistic discrimination.
E. ethnic stereotyping.
Mana is
A. a kind of bread prepared during communal rituals in Melanesia and Polynesia.
B. absent in societies with differential access to strategic resources.
C. the most archaic religious doctrine.
D. concerned with supernatural beings rather than with powers or forces.
E. acquired in Melanesia, but it is attached to political offices in Polynesia.
Rules of endogamy
A. prove that the incest taboo is not a cultural universal.
B. encourage people to disregard social distinctions in choosing mates.
C. tend to maintain social distinctions between groups.
D. expand a population’s gene pool.
E. result in ever-widening kinship networks.
__________ refers to the specialized set of terms and distinctions that are particularly
important to certain groups.
A. Syntactical vocabulary
B. Spatial vocabulary
C. Focal vocabulary
D. Vernacular vocabulary
E. Temporal vocabulary
President Barack Obama’s mother, Dr. Ann Dunham, was a(n)
A. primatologist.
B. cultural and applied anthropologist.
C. biological anthropologist.
D. medical anthropologist.
E. archaeologist.
The emergence of agriculture in of the Middle East and in Mexico is an example of
A. acculturation.
B. enculturation.
C. independent invention.
D. colonization.
E. diffusion.
Witchcraft accusations are often aimed at
A. powerful politicians.
B. individuals who are widely respected in a community.
C. socially marginal people.
D. upstanding citizens.
E. prominent religious leaders.
__________ should not be one of the goals of an applied anthropological approach to
urban programs.
A. Working with the community to ensure that the change is implemented correctly
B. Identifying key social groups in the urban context
C. Translating the needs and desires of the community to funding agencies
D. Creating a single universal policy to be applied to all urban communities
E. Eliciting wishes from the target community
Unlike foraging and cultivation, which existed throughout the world before the
Industrial Revolution, pastoralism was confined to North America.
___________ was one of the founders of the anthropology of religion.
A. Emile Durkheim
B. Anthony Wallace
C. Victor Turner
D. Edward B. Tylor
E. Bronislaw Malinowski
The study of the forms in which sounds combine to form words and their meaningful
parts is
A. phonology.
B. syntax.
C. morphology.
D. lexicon.
E. grammar.
The statement, __________, is true.
A. “studies show that people accept television’s messages at face value, without much
reinterpretation”
B. “television coverage can increase an area’s participation in an activity”
C. “American programming is much more popular than local television shows around
the world”
D. “television is more popular in urban than in rural areas”
E. “television has little effect on culture”
The study of interactions among past living things in a past environment is
A. paleoanthropology.
B. paleoecology.
C. garbology.
D. social archaeology.
E. adaptive anthropology.
In Japan, burakumin
A. are perceived as “pure” Japanese even though they are the offspring of interracial
marriages.
B. suffer from discrimination as members of a stigmatized minority group.
C. enjoy the highest status of all racial groups.
D. no longer face any discrimination.
E. constitute a numerical majority.
__________ defines a sign that has no necessary or natural connection to the thing it
stands for or signifies.
A. Morpheme
B. Lexicon
C. Phoneme
D. Symbol
E. Collateral
__________ is unique to humans.
A. Social life
B. Tool use
C. Meat eating
D. Food sharing
E. Preserved kinship systems
Public dichotomy
A. tends to be more pronounced among agriculturalists than among foragers.
B. tends to be more pronounced among foragers than among pastoralists.
C. is not significant in urban industrial societies.
D. is reinforced in American society by women working both inside and outside the
home.
E. is not present in the industrial states of the Western world.
Explore what studies of wild chimpanzees indicate about the nature of chimpanzee
hunting behavior, and describe some possible implications of this behavior for our
understanding of early hominin social organization.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Discuss the general patterns found in the family organization of foragers.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Describe how people communicate without speaking.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Explain what historical linguists study, and discuss how historical linguistics is relevant
to anthropology.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Describe the difference between colonialism and imperialism. Examine the effects that
colonialism and imperialism have had on cultural and ethnic diversity.
Answer:Answers will vary.
List and describe at least three types of remains that archaeologists could study. Discuss
what archaeologists could learn from each type.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Define the Industrial Revolution, and describe how the lives of ordinary working people
changed as a result of this revolution.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Show how culture can be adaptive and maladaptive. Identify why it is important to
understand that culture can be both adaptive and maladaptive.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Identify the defining attributes of culture, and provide examples of each attribute. Then,
provide examples of each attribute.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Identify social, political, and economic conditions that influence gender stratification
and violence against women.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Differentiate postmodernity and postmodernism. Discuss how postmodernity affected
the focus of anthropological study.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Define focal vocabularies, and explain why they exist.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Define the difference between emic and etic perspectives. Determine why an
anthropologist might want to use both strategies when conducting ethnographic
fieldwork.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Analyze how socioeconomic, ethnic, and gender differences are reflected in language.
Give specific examples.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Examine how a premedical student could apply some of the knowledge learned in
anthropology courses as a physician.
Answer:Answers will vary.
Examine how marriage functions as a kind of group alliance, and determine what role
bridewealth and dowries play in creating and maintaining marriage alliances.
Answer:Answers will vary.