According to the Big Five factors of personality, which of the following personality
supertrait describes whether an individual is either secure or insecure?
A.Neuroticism
B.Agreeableness
C.Openness
D.Extraversion
Answer:
The overwhelming majority of children from gay or lesbian families:
A.are also homosexual.
B.have a heterosexual orientation.
C.are likely to be bisexual.
D.grow up confused about their sexual orientation.
Answer:
According to Erikson, the positive resolution of the conflict of generativity vs.
stagnation culminates in _____ in old age.
A.caring for others, and empathy and concern
B.existential identity
C.a sense of complexity of relationships
D.humor and resilience
Answer:
Young children tend to believe that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out
immediately. This indicates a belief in the concept of:
A.immanent justice.
B.swift justice.
C.concrete justice.
D.authoritative justice.
Answer:
The _____ provides an environment that is temperature and humidity controlled, as
well as shockproof.
A. placental wall
B. pericardial fluid
C. umbilical cord
D. amniotic fluid
Answer:
In Baillargeon’s view, infants have a pre-adapted, innate bias called the principle of
_____ that explains their assumption that objects do not change their properties unless
some external factor obviously intervenes.
A.consistency
B.inertia
C.persistence
D.internalized representation
Answer:
Which of the following is a similarity among the cellular clock, free-radical, and
mitochondrial theories?
A.They attribute the process of aging to hormonal changes.
B.They attempt to explain aging at the cellular level.
C.They discount the role of genetics in aging.
D.They emphasize the effects of ecological factors on aging.
Answer:
Flevy, a marketing researcher, is conducting an extensive market study and has hired a
big group of college students to hand out a standard set of questions to shoppers at
malls and supermarkets and to seek their responses. Which of the following methods of
data collection is Flevy using?
A. Laboratory research
B. Survey
C. Naturalistic observation
D. Physiological measures
Answer:
Which of the following scenarios best represents Lev Vygotsky’s view of mental and
behavioral development?
A. A teacher assigns challenging tasks that students must complete on their own.
B. An instructor helps students with laboratory work showing them how to do things the
students cannot yet do.
C. A teacher waits patiently for students to come up with good answers and assesses
their learning capabilities.
D. An instructor systematically offers standardized tests to students to evaluate their
mental abilities on varying subjects.
Answer:
Which of the following is the U.S. Surgeon General’s recommendation regarding
alcohol intake during pregnancy?
A. It is wise to consume alcohol in moderation at the time of conception.
B. One or two servings of beer or wine a few days a week can have positive effects on
the fetus.
C. No alcohol should be consumed during pregnancy.
D. One or two servings of hard liquor a few days a week can have positive effects on
the fetus.
Answer:
_____ theory states that cells can divide a maximum of about 75 to 80 times, and that as
we age our cells become less capable of dividing.
A.Evolutionary
B.Cellular clock
C.Free-radical
D.Hormonal stress
Answer:
A mother hands her baby a rattle, saying, “Here you are.” She then gently takes the
rattle away, smiling and saying, “Thank you.” She does this repeatedly, letting the baby
keep the rattle for several seconds each time and encouraging the baby to offer the
rattle. Eventually, the baby takes the rattle, holds it for a few seconds, and then holds it
out to her mother and smiles. This is an example of:
A.sociability.
B.scaffolding.
C.emotionality.
D.reciprocal socialization.
Answer:
Vivanta has been diagnosed with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, a growth disorder,
which the doctor has indicated could be a result of _____ going awry.
A. genetic imprinting
B. polygenic inheritance
C. sex-linked genes
D. chromosomes
Answer:
Which of the following is true of the characteristics of sibling relationships as described
by Judy Dunn?
A.There is no observable variation in sibling relationships.
B.Most siblings report not really knowing each other very well.
C.There is considerable variation in sibling relationships.
D.Most children have predominantly negative feelings toward their siblings.
Answer:
According to the Bayley mental scale, a _____ infant should be able to vocalize
pleasure and displeasure, persistently search for objects that are just out of immediate
reach, and approach a mirror that is placed in front of the infant by the examiner.
A. 2-month-old
B. 6-month-old
C. 4-month-old
D. 1-month-old
Answer:
_____ children give out reinforcements, listen carefully, maintain open lines of
communication with peers, are happy, control their negative emotions, act like
themselves, show enthusiasm and concern for others, and are self-confident without
being conceited.
A.Rejected
B.Controversial
C.Average
D.Popular
Answer:
When the _____ is delivered, estrogen and progesterone levels drop steeply and remain
low until the ovaries start producing hormones again.
A. baby
B. placenta
C. embryo
D. blastocyst
Answer:
Penelope is describing her marriage of 15 years: “My husband and I were eating
breakfast the other day. Neither of us was talking, both of us just reading and thinking
our own thoughts. But it was a very comfortable, companionable silence, and I love it!”
What aspect of their relationship does this illustrate?
A.Passion
B.Infatuation
C.Romantic love
D.Affectionate love
Answer:
Researchers have found that infant _____ is linked to guilt, empathy, and low
aggression at 6 to 7 years of age.
A. pride
B. embarrassment
C. fear
D. jealousy
Answer:
The cultural makeup of the U.S. population has changed over the past few years due to
immigration and other factors. Such long-term changes in the genetic and cultural
makeup of a population are part of:
A. nonnormative multidirectional change.
B. normative historical change.
C. nonnormative life events.
D. nonnormative demographic change.
Answer:
Erikson believed that elderly adults use their impending death as a motivation to look
back and evaluate their life. This form of retrospection is what many theorists call:
A.life review.
B.identity resolution.
C.integrity formation.
D.retrospective spirit.
Answer:
In 2010, by 40 years of age, _____ percent of individuals had ever been married.
A.35
B.40
C.77
D.50
Answer:
Fantz’ research methodstudying whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from
another by measuring the length of time they attend to different stimuliis referred to as
the:
A.habituation and dishabituation method.
B.orienting response and tracking method.
C.visual preference method.
D.high amplitude sucking method.
Answer:
Estimates indicate that as many as _____ percent of individuals 65 years of age and
older have mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
A.40 to 50
B.30 to 40
C.10 to 20
D.50 to 60
Answer:
A man in his mid-forties is most likely to notice:
A.increased strength in his upper arms.
B.sensitivity to high-pitched sounds.
C.joint stiffness.
D.decreased bladder control.
Answer:
Rites of passage:
A.are nonexistent in the U.S.
B.are on the increase in several African countries that are influenced by Western
culture.
C.provide a forceful and discontinuous entry into the adult world.
D.to adulthood usually involve a reaffirmation of the individual’s connection with
immediate family.
Answer:
Which of the following is NOT a component of cognitive pragmatics?
A.Language comprehension
B.Knowledge about the self
C.Life skills
D.Comparison and categorization
Answer:
Samantha has been diagnosed with _____, which is a glandular dysfunction that
interferes with mucus production.
A. cystic fibrosis
B. Huntington’s disease
C. phenylketonuria
D. Tay-Sachs disease
Answer:
Sarah and Kent have always had a very traditional family structure. Kent worked
outside the home and Sarah was a homemaker. When Kent retires, which of the
following situations is most likely to arise?
A.Sarah will have difficulty keeping up with housework.
B.Sarah will help more with yard work.
C.Sarah will be delighted to have someone help her, so she can spend increasing
amounts of time away from home.
D.Sarah will become uneasy having Kent around the house all day.
Answer:
Summer and Clark are considering undergoing fertility treatments. What is one of the
main risk factors that the couple must be aware of while weighing their options?
A. High birth weight in babies conceived through such treatments.
B. An increase in the possibility of multiple births when such treatments are used.
C. Negative psychological impact on children conceived through such treatments.
D. Significant differences in developmental outcomes for children conceived through
such treatments.
Answer:
According to Erik Erikson, if individuals do not develop intimacy, they face:
A.low self-esteem.
B.insecure attachment.
C.narcissism.
D.isolation.
Answer:
Condoms are less effective against the spread of _____.
A.syphilis
B.herpes
C.chlamydia
D.gonorrhea
Answer:
In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), the primary reason middle-aged and older men
cited for wanting a divorce was:
A.cheating.
B.different values and lifestyles.
C.alcohol or drug abuse.
D.falling out of love.
Answer: