Old World monkeys have:
a. Y-5 molars.
b. two sets of molars.
c. bilophodont molars.
d. one-inch molars.
Some cases of anemia, which cause red blood cell production to increase in response to
iron deficiency or blood loss, may lead to:
a. cribra orbitalia in eye orbits.
b. expansion and porosity of long bones.
c. a parasitic infection.
d. a genetic disease.
Two-thirds of calorie intake comes from the key cereal grains domesticated in the
earlier Holocene, especially:
a. barley, sorghum, and wheat.
b. wheat, barley, corn, and rice.
c. oats, wheat, and rice.
d. corn, rice, and beans.
The evolution of the modern horse with a single hoof on each limb from a dog-sized
ancestral species with multiple digits is an example of:
a. macroevolution.
b. stabilizing selection.
c. disruptive selection.
d. microevolution.
Along with other distinct traits, robust australopithecines had large _______ adapted for
grinding food.
a. premolars and molars
b. temporalis muscles and a sagittal crest
c. front teeth and small back teeth
d. both a. and b.
What can be learned from studying a population through time?
a. We can learn that lifestyles do not change over time.
b. We can learn that diets, and therefore human biology, change through time.
c. We can learn that consuming the wrong foods over time does little to population
health.
d. We can learn that human physiology does not change through time.
In the study of human evolution, scientists define modern in terms of:
a. a series of distinctive anatomical traits that contrast with archaic traits from earlier
hominins.
b. a designated time frame between the Upper and Lower Paleolithic.
c. a series of anatomical traits that distinguish Cro-Magnon features from Neandertals.
d. traits like large browridges, large nasal sinuses, and a large masticatory complex.
Mutations in DNA found in which cells are most likely to have significant evolutionary
consequences?
a. sex cells (gametes)
b. red blood cells
c. skin pigment cells
d. brain cells
An increased ability to see greater distances is one of the adaptations to:
a. bipedalism.
b. diurnal sleeping patterns.
c. improved diet.
d. becoming larger.
The Nariokotome Boy discovered at Lake Turkana (Homo erectus) has modern human
traits such as:
a. shorter arms and longer legs than those of earlier hominids.
b. retention of an australopithecine-like body plan.
c. longer legs than later hominids.
d. a mix of arboreal and bipedal adaptations.
Two genera of propliopithecids include:
a. Aegyptopithecus and Micropithecus.
b. Propliopithecus and Aegyptopithecus.
c. Micropithecus and Aegyptopithecus.
d. Propliopithecus and Proconsul.
Early Native Americans used which distinctive fluted spear points to hunt large-bodied
Ice Age mammals?
a. Mousterian points
b. Solutrean blades
c. Levallois flakes
d. Clovis points
In your textbook, the lower frequency of sickle-cell anemia among present-day
Americans of West African ancestry as compared to people living in West Africa blacks
is attributed to:
a. genetic drift.
b. gene flow.
c. new mutations.
d. none of the above
Without the work of x-ray crystallographer _______, DNA might not have been
discovered for some time longer than it was.
a. James Watson
b. Francis Crick
c. Thomas Malthus
d. Rosalind Franklin
The adaptive radiation of the australopithecines after their split from the lineage that led
to early Homo seems to have focused on:
a. bipedalism.
b. mastication.
c. brain size increase.
d. body size increase.
Anatomical evidence from fossilized hand bones suggests that the precision grip needed
to make and use stone tools was present:
a. only in Homo erectus.
b. only in Homo habilis.
c. in Homo habilis and some australopithecines.
d. in all australopithecine and Homo species.
A random change in allele frequencies over time is known as:
a. genetic drift.
b. gene flow.
c. admixture.
d. gene migration.
The earliest fossil evidence of Homo erectus in Western Europe dates to about:
a. 1.7 mya.
b. 1.2 mya.
c. 500,000 yBP.
d. 800,000 yBP.
Physical anthropology as a discipline is NOT concerned with:
a. skeletal pathology.
b. primate behavior.
c. the construction and use of language by human societies.
d. human evolution.
The many stone tools, fragmentary animal bones, and teeth found at Gran Dolina,
Spain, indicate that hominids there:
a. processed and consumed animals including other hominids.
b. did not differ appreciably from earlier Asian Homo erectus.
c. were similar to later Homo sapiens.
d. none of the above
Human beings first arrived in the Americas approximately:
a. 50,000 yBP.
b. 25,000 yBP.
c. 15,000 yBP.
d. 5,000 yBP.
Bipedalism in primates means:
a. walking on two feet.
b. walking on four feet.
c. walking using two legs and a tail.
d. swinging from branch to branch.
The variation in living primates provides models for understanding:
a. the uses of anatomical and genetic evidence.
b. morphology, behavior, and adaptation in the evolutionary past.
c. alternative forms of classification.
d. levels of anatomical complexity.
What is the most important variable in reconstructing ancient climate?
a. weather
b. sea levels
c. temperature estimated using any of several methods
d. isotope ratios
A distinctive trait of people from East Asia and the Americas is:
a. shovel-shaped incisors.
b. a large nose.
c. thick, long bones.
d. extra muscles on the scapula.
The earliest hominins probably lived in which kind of environment?
a. dense tropical forest
b. complex hybrid habitats
c. open savanna grassland
d. arid, high-altitude uplands
Availability of food:
a. is dependent upon kin selection.
b. can be highly variable, depending on season and rainfall.
c. is determined primarily by the alpha male.
d. is restricted to individuals high up in the dominance hierarchy.
The earliest archaeological evidence of humans in Australia is from _______, dating to
_______.
a. Kow Swamp; 13,000 yBP
b. Lake Mungo; 40,000 Ybp
c. Melbourne; 25,000 yBP
d. Tasmania; 35,000 yBP
Archaeologists:
a. study primate evolution.
b. devote most of their effort to recovering artifacts and building museum collections.
c. study past human societies, focusing mostly on their material remains.
d. primarily study the evolution of language.
Australopithecus robustus was likely the longest-surviving species of australopithecine
in South Africa. It had:
a. a big brain, big teeth, and a big face.
b. large molars, a big face, and a sagittal crest.
c. a large body, large teeth, and a sagittal crest.
d. a big face, large teeth, and a large body.
Prokaryotes first appeared:
a. 10,000 years ago.
b. 1 mya.
c. 3.5 bya.
d. 65 mya.
Modern anatomical features of the Nariokotome Boy include:
a. relatively short arms and long legs.
b. brain size within the modern human variation.
c. relatively long arms and short legs.
d. a large nose with an improved sense of smell.
At a site in the American Southwest, you find only a single ceramic pot in association
with an individual within a burial. You can use the pot to date the burial based on:
a. biostratigraphic dating, because there may be animal remains inside the pot.
b. cultural dating, since the pot must be specific to a known culture and time period.
c. radiopotassium dating of the material used to make the pot.
d. fission track dating of the pot itself.
The oldest Neandertal site dates to _______, at _______.
a. 130,000 yBP; Krapina, Croatia
b. 32,000 yBP; Krapina, Croatia
c. 130,000 yBP; La Chapelle-aux-Saints, France
d. 25,000 yBP; La Chapelle-aux-Saints, France