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According to Bowlby, out of their experiences during the four attachment phases, children
A)learn autonomy and develop self-soothing because they learn that the caregiver cannot
be relied upon during stress.
B)move from secure attachment to insure attachment and, over time, back again to secure
attachment.
C)construct enduring an affectionate tie to the caregiver that they can use as a secure base
in the parent's absence.
D)commonly develop either avoidant or resistant attachment styles before settling into a
secure attachment.
Compared with typically developing children, children with autism
A)more often engage in social referencing.
B)are better at distinguishing facial expressions.
C)more often imitate an adult's novel behaviors.
D)rarely use mental-state words such as think, feel, and know.
A summary of findings from many studies confirm that children who experience guilt
following transgressions
A)tend to be well-adjusted.
B)are prone to adjustment problems.
C)have increase problems with coping.
D)experience impaired perspective taking.
__________, in which adults discuss storybook content with preschoolers, promotes many
aspects of language and literacy development.
A)Literary discourse
B)Joint reading
C)Interactive reading
D)Immersive reading
Dr. Dimera is interested in measuring the extent to which individual differences in
complex traits in a specific population are due to genetic factors. When conducting
research, Dr. Dimera will most likely rely on
A)heritability estimates.
B)epigenesis.
C)methylation.
D)gene-environment correlation.
Some critics argue that the violation-of-expectation method is flawed because
A)it is difficult for observers to discern when babies have habituated to the familiar
event.
B)this method cannot be used with young babies or toddlers, who easily become
fatigued.
C)babies make only subtle changes to their behaviors when they recover to a new
stimulus.
D)it reveals only babies' perceptual preference for novelty, not their knowledge of the
physical world.
Jay introduced a new ball to his 2-year-old daughter, Kandi. He said, "I'm throwing the
wiffle ball to you!" He then threw the new ball to Kandi. Kandi said, "Catch, wiffle,
catch!" Kandi's connection of the term "wiffle" to the ball is an example of
A)overregularization.
B)syntactic bootstrapping.
C)fast-mapping.
D)semantic bootstrapping.
Which of the following factors affects cultural differences in physical size?
A)climate
B)gender
C)cultural beliefs
D)crime rates
Habituation research reveals that size and shape constancy are present as early as
A)the first week of life.
B)3 months of age.
C)6 months of age.
D)1 year of age.
Which of the following statements about artistic development in China is true?
A)China's artistic styles and conventions are enormously diverse compared to the United
States.
B)Chinese art teachers typically assume that copying others' drawings stifles creativity.
C)When taught to paint, Chinese children follow prescribed brush strokes, at first copying
their teacher's model.
D)Rather than promoting correct ways to draw, Chinese teachers emphasize imagination
and self-expression.
Adam and Philip occasionally wrestle, roll, hit, and run after one another, alternating roles
while smiling and laughing. Adam and Philip are engaged in __________ play.
A)rough-and-tumble
B)parallel
C)nonsocial
D)constructive
Gains in __________ permit the transition to rule-oriented games.
A)flexibility
B)agility
C)perspective taking
D)fine-motor ability
Which of the following statements about identity development in emerging adulthood is
true?
A)Young people usually explore in depth, but not in breadth.
B)Young people usually explore in breadth, but not in depth.
C)Young people usually explore possibilities in breadth and then in depth.
D)Most college students make commitments but fail to evaluate them.
A common way to treat malocclusion is by
A)requiring regular teeth cleaning.
B)filling all cavities promptly.
C)putting braces on the teeth.
D)flossing at least three times per week.
Which of the following babies is most likely to develop manual skills first?
A)Shane, an infant born in the United States
B)Tord, an infant born in Norway
C)Camille, an infant born in France
D)Bintou, an infant born in Mali
Janelle, a teenager, is chronically tired and frequently irritable, but she appears to be
growing normally. She should have a medical checkup because she might be suffering
from
A)anemia.
B)obesity.
C)diabetes.
D)anorexia nervosa.
Which of the following is a critical factor in eliminating gender differences in math and
science?
A)finding a way to reduce genetic differences between the genders
B)creating all-girl science classes so that girls will not be compared to boys
C)decreasing the extent to which boys are urged to excel at math and science
D)promoting girls' interest in and confidence at math and science
