Adolescence is marked by rapid increases in physical and mental capabilities.
Compared to children, adolescents are stronger, bigger, faster in reaction time, and have
greater capabilites to withstand injury and physical stress. What is the paradox about
adolescent health?
a. the 200% increase in mortality rates
b. the 80% of adolescents who struggle to make psychological adjustments
c. the 80% increase in adolescent dependence on antidepressants
d. the 200% increase in absences from school
Which child is most at risk to experience poor oral health?
a. A child with a disability.
b. A child who does not thoroughly chew food.
c. A child from an urban area.
d. A child will low body mass.
A group of children make room for Sasha in the kiddy pool. They encourage Sasha to
jump in and ask her if she wants to throw the ball with them in the pool. They talk with
each other about how much fun they are having playing in the pool together. According
to Mildred Parten’s classic 1932 study, this group of children is engaging in
_______________.
a. associative group play
b. cooperative group play
c. autonomous play
d. parallel group activity
Carlos is out with friends on a Saturday night. He and his buddies have had lessons in
health class about the harmfulness of alcohol, and they have discussed the stupidity of
getting drunk. They have seen negative images of the effects of alcohol. On this
particular night, several of the most popular kids in school invite Carlos and his buds to
meet at the lake for a beer party, and they go along. In his mind, Carlos wrestles with
facts, images, and feelings as he tries to decide what he will do at the party. Carlos’s
thinking process is an example of:
a. dual process decision making
b. cognitive and rational reasoning
c. rational risk assessment
d. heuristic decision making
Dr. Goldberg is treating11-year-old Chance for a head injury. Chance has a simple
concussion. What is the likelihood that Chance’s concussion is the result of participation
in sports?
a. 11%
b. 43%
c. 20%
d. 52%
When asked by his teacher, Miguel is able to recall from his literature class yesterday
that Lewis Carroll wrote the book “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.” In retrieving
this information, Miguel is accessing knowledge from his:
a. short-term memory.
b. long-term memory.
c. maintenance memory.
d. working memory.
Which one of the following statements is true about breastfeeding?
a. Breastfeeding should be limited to the first three months of life, due to health
concerns for the mother.
b. Breastfeeding is good for most infants, but should be discouraged for babies born
prematurely.
c. Breastfeeding can increase the risk of breast cancer for most healthy women.
d. Breastfeeding is ideal for infants and should be encouraged, even for premature and
high-risk infants.
Lanier is a 16-year-old boy whose older brother uses drugs and encourages Lanier to try
drugs. Which of the following approaches is most likely to help Lanier take a different
path from his brother and remain drug-free?
a. Participating in the DARE drug prevention program in his community
b. Staying connected at school and maintaining positive relationships with adults
c. Attending lectures and watching DVDs that expose facts about the harmful effects of
drugs
d. Encouraging Lanier to influence his brother not to use drugs
What advice should we give to young adolescents about engaging in social network
sites on the internet?
a. They should avoid all online social networks and be aware of predators and dangers
related to stalking.
b. They should be careful about what photos they post online because it can come back
years later and damage their reputation and career.
c. They should not be concerned about privacy issues because sites guarantee
anonymity and security.
d. They should be aware that most teenagers who are involved in online social
networking are social misfits and struggle to make “real” friends.
Percy, a researcher, administered his test to his target population on two consecutive
days in order to make sure he got the same results each time he used the test. What was
Percy proving about the test?
a. validity
b. reliability
c. absence of bias
d. trustworthiness
Which one of the following advances in stem cell research has caused the greatest
amount of controversy in the United States?
a. pluripotent stem cell research
b. embryonic stem cell research
c. non-embryonic stem cell research
d. adult stem cell research
Maria has a reading disability in English and in her native language of Spanish. Which
of the following is most likely associated with her reading disability?
a. She has problems using the phonological loop of working memory.
b. She has problems storing information in long-term memory.
c. She has problems with mnemonic devices such as keyword method.
d. She has problems developing a theory of mind.
Five-year-old Connor had night terrors last night. His parents are not concerned because
Connor:
a. was able to sleep through the night terror.
b. talked about his night terrors and fears the next morning.
c. woke his parents and felt soothed by their presence.
d. takes naps to catch up on lost sleep.
Mrs. Stein’s son continues to bang the wooden spoon on the frying pan so that he can
hear the sound it makes. Her son is engaging in _______________.
a. functional play
b. imaginative play
c. reality-based play
d. pre-operational play
A researcher conducts a study exploring the question, “To what extent does the ability
of a child to count to twenty before going to kindergarten predict school achievement
after the first grade?” This study is an example of what type of research?
a. community-based
b. basic
c. applied
d. pure scientific research
A group of academically advanced high school student leaders participated in an online
discussion aimed at generating ideas to solve the water shortage problems in Africa.
Which of the following patterns most likely characterized their discussion?
a. They focused on their own individual ideas and failed to see the value of others’
ideas.
b. They synthesized the ideas presented by others.
c. They failed to see themselves as part of a community of problem solvers.
d. They sought credit for the ideas generated by their group.
In 2002, the United States passed the No Child Left Behind Act. What is the purpose of
this legislation?
a. school accountability for children’s annual progress in reading, mathematics, and
science
b. annual testing in science and mathematics for children in grades K-12.
c. identification of schools with low income students to qualify for federal funding.
d. establishment of accelerated programs in mathematics and science for students
identified as gifted and talented in these fields.
What biological factor contributes to a mother’s responsiveness and instant feelings of
attachment to her newborn?
a. Natural feelings cultivated through cultural expectations over millennia.
b. Production of the hormone oxytocin.
c. Increase in the number of synapses in the brain’s frontal lobe.
d. Decrease in activity in the corpus callosum of the brain.
Who would be involved in the research process for a community-based research
approach to studying the impact of an after-school program on democracy and civic
engagement?
a. local citizens and taxpayers in the community
b. employers, social agencies, and business leaders
c. state and federal policy makers
d. institutions that have research laboratories in the community
What contemporary view of development is supported by the evidence that a child’s
development is affected by the mother’s rubella during pregnancy?
a. There are critical periods during development.
b. Physical development is discontinuous and quanlitative.
c. There are continuous and discontinuous periods during development.
d. There are no critical periods during development.
With the exception of suffocation among infants, the leading cause of death resulting
from an unintentional injury for children in middle childhood is:
a. motor vehicle accidents.
b. poisoning.
c. drowning.
d. burns.
Which one of the following children is most likely to be withdrawn?
a. Myra’s parents are harsh and correct every move she makes. She is always being
punished for disobeying them.
b. Deb’s parents are permissive and do not like to deny her anything. They give her
whatever she demands.
c. Harlan’s parents are uninvolved in his life. They have too many problems to
discipline him or pay attention to his needs.
d. Carla’s parents avoid conflict. They do not like to set rules and enforce restrictions.
They model rule-breaking.
Which of the following children is experiencing a developmental change?
a. Four-year-old Kara made a bow in her shoelace and tied her sneakers for the first
time.
b. Eight-year-old Cory broke his arm while playing flag football after school.
c. Seven-year-old Sherra developed a bad case of measles after being exposed at a
slumber party.
d. Twelve-year-old Pedro got braces on his teeth to correct an overbite and
misalignment.
Parents concerned about the physical safety of their child should:
a. not allow their child to play organized sports until about age 12 when their bones are
fully developed.
b. give careful consideration before purchasing a trampoline or allowing their child to
play on a trampoline.
c. encourage their child to specialize in a specific sport during middle childhood.
d. not allow their child to play on the playground equipment at school.
What procedure is recommended for parents who want to help their young child
develop self-regulation for eating?
a. Model good eating habits and reintroduce foods the child refuses
b. Monitor and coax the child to eat healthy foods during meals.
c. Offer rewards to the child for eating the healthy foods during meals.
d. Deny the child sweet and salty treats between meals.
Ishmael’s mother noticed that her child had a sudden sharp increase in the amount of
time he can pay attention to her. Ishmael now can resist distractions and listen long
enough to his mother’s directions that he can fully understand and remember his routine
of brushing teeth before bedtime. We can predict Ishmael is how old?
a. 6 years old
b. 5 years old
c. 3 years old
d. 9 years old
Karmen is using the all-purpose cognitive processing that involves holding and working
with verbal and visual information in her working memory in order to hold her attention
on the concept and find valid examples of it. What element of intelligence is she using?
a. intrapersonal intelligence
b. fluid cognition
c. spatial reasoning
d. implicit system
Corina’s pregnancy is going well, and she heard the baby’s heartbeat during her doctor’s
visit today. She learned that her baby is just now able to hear sounds and flex its limbs.
She also had the combined test to detect chromosomal abnormalities. How would she
most likely describe her pregnancy at this point?
a. Embryonic stage, fourth week
b. Germinal stage, second week
c. Fetal stage, first trimester
d. Fetal stage, third trimester
Caron is riding her stick horse through the house and racing Devin. Her dad can’t see
Devin, but watches Caron race across the room and instruct Devin to hide. What stage
of play is Caron demonstrating?
a. constructive
b. symbolic
c. rough and tumble
d. real games
Shannon took an IQ test and scored 100. Of the children who have taken the same test,
what percentage scored as high or higher than she scored?
a. 50%
b. unknown
c. 60%
d. 70%
Describe two recommendations you would make to parents who want to protect their
young children as they use computers and the Internet.
You have been asked by your colleagues at the child development center to participate
in a parenting workshop. More specifically, you have been asked to explain how
children inherit traits from their parents and ancestors. How might you cover this topic,
and what are two keys points you would want to discuss with the workshop attendees?
Your uncle wants to surprise your two young children and buy them a trampoline for
your backyard. Should you be concerned about allowing your children to play on a
trampoline? Discuss three things you can do to promote the safe use of a trampoline.
In a social studies class, the teacher engages the students in a debate about the state’s
right to relocate homeowners to build a much needed highway. The homeowners are
offered a financial settlement, but they are forced to move against their will. What kind
of reasoning can the teacher expect from her 11-year-old students about the problem of
relocating individuals and families for the betterment of the state?
A parent of a 6-year-old girl stops by your child development center to ask what types
of activities and modifications you will make to ensure your center is “lefty” friendly.
The mother explains that she became very frustrated with the previous center where her
child was enrolled because the staff seemed to cater only to right-handed children. How
will you respond to this concerned mother? What are three things you can do to ensure
you are attending to children’s handedness?
Mirana is the youngest child in the group of actors preparing for the upcoming play.
What might her parents do to make sure Mirana develops a healthy self-image as she
participates in her first theater experience?
Among researchers and educators, the debate about retention of students continues.
Who is most likely to be retained in school? What are the pros and cons of such
retention?
As a society why should we be so concerned about aggressive children and young
bullies?
Describe the age range at which the majority of American girls experience menarche.
Explain the ‘secular trend” and theoretical causes for the trend.
Two days before her high school graduation (and one day before all of her out-of-town
relatives arrived), Nichole cut her long hair into a short boyish style. She also dyed her
auburn hair black and pierced her tongue. Her parents were stunned and concerned that
her tongue appeared to be getting infected. They wondered what Nichole’s grandparents
would say. What do we know about cognitive development in adolescence that might
help us understand Nichole’s behavior?
George is a seventeen year-old who is very comfortable with his ethnic and cultural
background. His parents are from Greece and speak very little English. When George
first moved to the United States in eighth grade, he had an accent when he spoke
English, and he wasn”t sure whether to talk about his Greek roots or hide from them.
Now George’s English is almost flawless, and he enjoys telling his friends what words
mean in Greek. He often shares stories and memories from his childhood experiences
growing up in a town a few miles from Athens. Using Jean Phinney’s 3-stage model of
ethnic identity formation, describe George’s stage of ethnic identity.
You, like so many other parents, assume your child must be gifted because you are
amazed at how advanced your eighteen-month-old son’s thinking can be at times. At
first you thought your son was simply imitating your behavior, but you have come to
believe he is actually capable of thinking and learning. Discuss three thinking capacities
that are actually quite typical of most eighteen-month-old children.
Your best friend just delivered her baby at 33 weeks. You want to be supportive and
informed. You are reading about the causes of prematurity and the dangers associated
with premature births. What does your reading most likely reveal about the causes of
prematurity and the problems associated with it?
Rosemary and David are a young military couple, who just had their first child.
Unfortunately, David was recently deployed to a foreign country and is not able to
return to the United States for three months. He is very sad that he will not see his
daughter for the first three months of her life. Rosemary would love to stay home full
time with her new daughter, but financially she needs to work. In fact, Rosemary
averages 50 hours per week at her job as the assistant manager of the theater in a nearby
town. Jobs in her area are still hard to find, so Rosemary is willing to make the
45-minute drive to the theater. Unfortunately, the long work hours and commute limit
the amount of time Rosemary can spend with her newborn daughter. She has a close
friend who takes care of her daughter when she is at work. Rosemary fears she will not
bond with her daughter and their relationship will always lack closeness. According to
ethological or attachment theorists, what might be the concerns regarding Rosemary’s
inability to spend quality time with her newborn? Also, based on Erik Erikson’s
psychosocial theory, what might be a concern for the child’s psychosocial development?
Mr. Sampson watched in horror as his 10-year-old daughter hit her head on the balance
beam during a gymnastics competition. What types of symptoms and behaviors should
Mr. Sampson look for in his daughter after her head injury?
Explain how children use declarative, procedural, and conditional metacognition when
converting fractions to decimal equivalents.