Tyrone groups words with agent qualities as subjects and words with action qualities as
verbs. He then merges these categories into sentences. Tyrone is demonstrating
A) semantic bootstrapping.
B) syntactic bootstrapping.
C) telegraphic speech.
D) semantic complexity.
Suze wants to foster moral maturity in her children. How should Suze interact with her
children to accomplish this?
A) Maintain a high level of power assertion and a low level of decision making.
B) Always intervene when the children argue since sibling arguments often escalate to
physical aggression.
C) Engage in moral discussions and encourage prosocial behavior.
D) Use either permissive or authoritarian child rearing.
Baillargeon’s violation-of-expectation studies provided evidence that infants have some
knowledge of object permanence
A) between 1 and 2 months.
B) between 2 and 3 months.
C) no earlier than 6 months.
D) after 12 months.
At the park, 13-month-old Felix wanders toward other toddlers, returns to his father,
interacts briefly with a preschooler, and then returns to his father. Felix is demonstrating
the concept of
A) stranger anxiety.
B) secure base.
C) self-efficacy.
D) emotional self-regulation.
As a preschooler, Virgil experiences negative emotion intensely and has great difficulty
inhibiting his feelings. When frustrated, Virgil is likely to
A) react angrily or aggressively.
B) withdraw into a make-believe world.
C) stand by helplessly and watch classmates participate in activities without him.
D) cry inconsolably and blame others for his situation.
When researchers need information on only one or a few kinds of behavior, an efficient
procedure is
A) the clinical, or case study, method.
B) neurobiological sampling.
C) event sampling.
D) ethnography.
Some researchers have suggested that debriefing does not work well with children
because it
A) may undermine their belief in the honesty of adults.
B) often leads to observer influence and bias.
C) can bias the effects of an experimental manipulation.
D) is unethical to debrief children.
Which of the following statements or questions is most likely to be used by a legal
professional to increase children’s accurate reporting?
A) “You”re doing great.”
B) “She took your clothes off, didn’t she?”
C) “You said there was a man. Was he tall and scary looking?”
D) “Tell me what happened.”
Which of the following provides the best example of telegraphic speech?
A) Two-year-old Robbie says, “I go to the store with you.”
B) Baby Clara says, “Babababa,” while holding her bottle.
C) Two-year-old Venla asks, “Daddy home?”
D) One-year-old Tobias yells, “NO!” when his mother gets out her coat.
When asked to tell what happens at preschool, Hope says, “You have circle time, eat a
snack, take a nap, and then play outside.” This is an example of
A) verbatim memory.
B) biographical retrieval.
C) a script.
D) semantic knowledge.
Emotional self-regulation requires
A) an understanding of basic emotions.
B) voluntary, effortful management of emotions.
C) a sense of self-efficacy.
D) an easygoing temperament.
In a study in which researchers presented school-age children, adolescents, and
college-age students with visual and verbal descriptions of various occupations, males
of all ages were especially attracted to jobs depicted as __________, and females were
attracted to jobs __________.
A) conforming to traditional gender roles; seen as more novel
B) highly paid; high in altruism
C) science-based; power-based
D) gender congruent; gender incongruent
In a study examining infants’ ability to perceive faces, 6-month-olds could
A) discriminate individual faces of both humans and monkeys equally well.
B) distinguish human but not monkey faces.
C) distinguish monkey but not human faces.
D) only distinguish their mother’s face from an unfamiliar woman’s face.
Which of the following statements is true about identity development?
A) Most young people remain in one identity status throughout their lifespan.
B) Identity development follows many paths.
C) Identity development is complete by age 14 or 15.
D) High school students make more progress toward formulating an identity than
college students.
At an early age, children pick up gender-stereotyped preferences and behaviors from
others and organize these experiences into __________ that they use to interpret their
world.
A) gender-appropriate beliefs
B) gender schemas
C) gender intensification
D) gender-typical beliefs
Experience-expectant brain growth
A) occurs throughout the lifespan.
B) consists of additional growth and refinement of established brain structures.
C) refers to the young brain’s rapidly developing organization, which depends on
ordinary experiences.
D) occurs as a result of specific learning experiences that vary widely across individuals
and cultures.
In relating to their physical and social worlds, babies are
A) passive for the first three to four months.
B) passive for the first year.
C) active from the very start.
D) passive for only the first month, and then active.
Which of the following is one way Great Britain used welfare policies to reduce its
child poverty rate by more than half over the past decade?
A) It initiated a minimum wage sufficient to cover a family’s basic needs.
B) It instituted a 60-month lifetime cap on welfare benefits.
C) It only allows families to receive welfare benefits for 24 continuous months.
D) It completely eliminated government-funded preschool and child-care subsidies.
Which of the following is a finding of Charles Nelson’s studies on infants of diabetic
mothers?
A) As a result of iron depletion in critical brain areas, a diabetic pregnancy places the
fetus at risk for lasting memory deficits.
B) Early memory deficiencies found in infants of diabetic mothers are short-lived and
do not last into the preschool years.
C) Infants of diabetic mothers responded to novel objects with a stronger temporal-lobe
slow wave than did control babies.
D) Infants of diabetic mothers were more likely than control babies to recognize their
mother’s facial image.
__________ often become depressed, irritable, and distracted, resulting in an increase
in hostile interactions with other family members.
A) High-SES parents with demanding, time-consuming jobs
B) First-generation immigrant parents
C) Single mothers with two or more children
D) Low-SES parents who deal with crises on a daily basis
Which of the following reasons best explains why girls fare less well than boys when
transitioning to middle school?
A) They tend to take school successes and failures more personally.
B) Movement to junior high coincides with other life changes, such as the onset of
puberty and dating.
C) They typically find school transitions more confusing and disorienting.
D) They are more likely to be affected by negative self-fulfilling prophecies.
Ricardo’s parents are often angry at each other and fail to resolve their conflicts
successfully. Ricardo is likely to
A) blame himself and display aggression.
B) avoid his parents and join after-school activities.
C) concentrate more on his schoolwork than his family life.
D) blame others for his problems and engage in self-harm.
Which of the following statements is true about donor insemination and in vitro
fertilization?
A) In vitro infants are less securely attached to their parents than naturally conceived
infants.
B) Sperm donors are always screened for genetic or sexually transmitted diseases.
C) In vitro babies are at no greater risk for birth defects than naturally conceived
infants.
D) There is a higher rate of low birth weight among in vitro babies than naturally
conceived infants.
After some exposure to the academic world, students move more toward the view that
all knowledge is embedded within a framework of thought, and they give up the
possibility of absolute truth in favor of
A) omniscience.
B) dualistic thinking.
C) relativistic thinking.
D) objective standards.
Which of the following statements is an example of recursive thought?
A) “Mommy is mad because I hit my sister.”
B) “My teacher is always happy.”
C) “If she doesn”t give me the book, I”m going to tell the teacher.”
D) “I thought you would think I was just kidding when I said that.”
A decrease in competition and increased harmony are two positive outcomes of
A) traditional classrooms.
B) homogeneous grouping arrangements.
C) multigrade classrooms.
D) mainstreaming.
To reconcile Spearman’s and Thurstone’s views, current theorists and test designers
assume that
A) a unique s factor is reflected in each of Thurstone’s primary factors.
B) at the highest level, g is presumed to be present to some degree in all separate
factors.
C) at the highest level, s is presumed to be present to some degree in all separate
factors.
D) g reflects fluid intelligence and s reflects crystallized intelligence.
Research in many countries reveals that stereotyping of personality traits becomes
adultlike around age _____.
A) 3
B) 6
C) 11
D) 15
Which of the following statements is true regarding differential treatment of boys and
girls by teachers?
A) Teachers give more overall attention to boys than to girls.
B) Teachers tend to praise girls more for their academic knowledge.
C) Teachers discourage unruliness more frequently and forcefully with girls.
D) When boys misbehave, teachers are more likely to negotiate.
__________ are especially prone to lasting difficulties.
A) Early-maturing girls
B) Late-maturing girls
C) Early-maturing boys
D) Late-maturing boys
The stage concept assumes that children
A) gradually add more of the same types of skills that were there to begin with.
B) undergo a slow transformation as they step up from one stage to the next.
C) make fairly sudden and distinct changes as they grow.
D) think just as logically as adults do.
According to Piaget, when children first mentally represent the world, they
A) exhibit thinking that is unlimited and flexible.
B) are adept at forming mental representations of actions that obey logical rules.
C) assume that others perceive, think, and feel the same way they do.
D) are especially adept at distinguishing other people’s symbolic viewpoints from their
own.