Incidence refers to the total number of cases per year.
Answer:
Many survivors of child sexual abuse will never tell their stories or will delay revealing
the incident.
Answer:
Criminal profiling is most often used to determine an offender’s specific identity.
Answer:
Research has consistently suggested that the neurotransmitter serotonin may play the
most significant role in aggression and violence.
Answer:
The most frequent diagnosis for children who commit acts of violence against other
children is antisocial personality disorder.
Answer:
Many mental health clinicians do not consider sex offenders to be clinically mentally
disordered.
Answer:
The available evidence indicates that PCP users tend to be polydrug users.
Answer:
The attacks on September 11, 2001 marked a radical shift in U.S. connection to
terrorism.
Answer:
Research on twin studies has shown that, as twins age, the influence of a shared
environment increases while the influence of a nonshared environment wanes.
Answer:
Studies comparing MFT and FFT have found that MST is more effective at reducing
recidivism for high-risk offenders.
Answer:
Children are more likely to be victims of violence away from school, as opposed to in
school.
Answer:
The MTC:CM3 has four categories and twelve subcategories.
Answer:
As a group, biopsychologists believe that genetics are the sole cause of criminal
behavior.
Answer:
Serial murder by children or adolescents is an exceedingly rare event.
Answer:
Most child sex offenders commit a variety crimes against children.
Answer:
Temperament appears in infancy and continues throughout life.
Answer:
Burglaries are more likely to occur in January and February, after the holidays.
Answer:
Research shows that criminal profiling should be restricted to serial murder and serial
sexual assaults.
Answer:
Carjacking most commonly occurs in rural, isolated areas.
Answer:
Childhood sexual abuse is common in female adolescents with persistent antisocial
behavior.
Answer:
Research suggests hostage-taking incidents are rarely perpetrated by mentally
disordered individuals.
Answer:
Temperament is determined largely by genetics.
Answer:
Suicidality is a common characteristic of older adult psychopaths.
Answer:
A youth who has been thrown away from the home by a parent or caretaker is called a
thrownaway.
Answer:
Research overwhelmingly suggests that marijuana is a major cause of violent crime.
Answer:
For most people, becoming part of a group promotes feelings of anonymity.
Answer:
There is a direct causal relationship between pornography and sexual aggression.
Answer:
Free will is the hallmark of classical theory.
Answer:
The majority of property crimes eventually result in physical aggression.
Answer:
Lone wolf terrorists are more likely to be mentally disturbed than other terrorists.
Answer:
Research shows that an aggressive military approach is the most effective method of
ending international terrorism.
Answer:
Which of the following reflects an assumption of most adoption studies?
A) Adoptive parents and their adopted children are not genetically related.
B) Adoptive children have no information about their biological make-up.
C) Most adopted children are placed with stable and loving parents.
D) Genetics have little influence on human behavior.
Answer:
In the Brawner Rule, the caveat paragraph intends to exclude ________ from using the
insanity defense.
A) defendants under the influence of alcohol at the time of the offense
B) psychopaths
C) defendants under the influence of drugs at the time of the offense
D) intellectually disabled individuals
Answer:
Which disorder has been referred to as the UFO of psychiatry?
A) Dissociative Identity Disorder
B) Postpartum Psychosis
C) Dysthymic Disorder
D) Borderline Personality Disorder
Answer:
Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column.
A) Examines the changes and influences across a person’s lifetime that may contribute
to the formation of antisocial and criminal behavior
B) The overall number of criminal offenses that go undetected or are unknown by law
enforcement agencies
C) The attitudes, beliefs, values, and thoughts that a person holds about the social
environment, interrelations, human nature, and themselves
D) A graphic representation of a theory or a concept, designed to enhance its
understanding
E) Behaviors forbidden only to juveniles because of their age
F) Contends that a deficit of self-regulation is the key factor in explaining crime and
delinquency
G) The percentage of crime known to police per 100,000 population
H) Views human beings as born neutral and subject to developmental changes
throughout the life course
I) Probes the situational or environmental factors that are most conducive to criminal
action
J) Serious habitual actions that violate personal rights, laws, and/or widely held social
norms
1. Dark figure
2. Crime rate
3. Cognitions
4. Model
5. Learning perspective
6. Sociological criminology
7. Developmental approach
8. Status offenses
9. Antisocial behavior
10. Self-control theory
Answer:
In 1846, Henry David Thoreau refused to pay six years of delinquent taxes in
opposition to the Mexican-American War and slavery. Thoreau was engaging in
A) moral conformism.
B) anarchal passivity.
C) civil disobedience.
D) moral righteousness.
Answer:
Recent research on child sexual assault suggests
A) substance abuse is rare in perpetrators.
B) offenders tend to have an extremely high recidivism rate, especially those who
demonstrate no age preference of victim.
C) child sex offenders are generally younger in age than rapists.
D) a vast majority of child sex offenders prefer acquaintances or relatives.
Answer:
Behaviors that are forbidden only to juveniles because of their age are known as
A) public order violations.
B) Part I crimes.
C) status offenses.
D) juvenile delinquency.
Answer:
Cognitive scripts are ________ behavioral patterns for certain situations that are
________ to change.
A) available; relatively easy
B) persistent; resistant
C) innate; impossible
D) aggressive; relatively easy
Answer:
Which type of stalker does not seek a personal relationship with their targets?
A) Love obsession
B) Possessive
C) Vengeance
D) Erotomania
Answer:
Which statement is NOT true about gender differences in status offenses?
A) Girls are more likely than boys to be taken into custody for status offending.
B) Recent research suggests that gender differences in offending may be explained by
innate biological factors.
C) Girls are more likely to run away from home because of victimization in the home.
D) Historically, girls and boys’ socialization resulted in impacted gender differences.
Answer:
Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column.
A) The date-rape drug
B) Bath salts
C) The physiological distress and physical pain a person suffers if he or she goes
without the drug for any length of time
D) A dissociative anesthetic with analgesic and amnestic properties also called Special
K
E) Multiple drug use
F) Sold in small packets under the names Genie and Moon Rocks
G) The state of progressively decreased responsiveness to a drug
H) Approved in 1995 by the Food and Drug Administration for use as an analgesic in
persons with moderate to severe pain
I) A high-potency form of freebase cocaine
J) Crime arises out of the system of drug trafficking and distribution
1. Rohypnol
2. Crack
3. OxyContin
4. Synthetic marijuana
5. Dependence
6. Polydrug use
7. Systemic crime
8. Synthetic cathinones
9. Tolerance
10. Ketamine
Answer:
Methamphetamine produces an increase in ________ and a decrease in ________.
A) alertness; appetite
B) appetite; alertness
C) productivity; appetite
D) crime; alertness
Answer:
A process that reduces human beings to the level of nonhuman animals without
individuality, dignity or autonomy is known as
A) animal morphism.
B) deferred prosecution.
C) dehumanization.
D) degradation.
Answer:
Following a “run” of speed, the person often feels
A) violent.
B) deeply depressed.
C) hyperactive.
D) uncharacteristically paranoid.
Answer:
Which of the following is not a fundamental question of investigative psychology?
A) What are the important behavioral features of the crime that may help identify the
perpetrator?
B) Are there any other crimes that are likely to have been committed by the same
person?
C) What are the important behavioral features of the crime that may help prosecute the
perpetrator?
D) Does the victim’s body show signs of ossification?
Answer:
If Bandura’s position is essentially correct, then aggressive and violent behavior can be
substantially reduced by
A) providing appropriate models.
B) physically punishing children for aggressive behavior.
C) controlling the sale of guns and weapons in our society.
D) reducing high school truancy.
Answer:
Patterson’s Coercion Developmental Theory places more emphasis on ________,
whereas Moffitt’s Developmental Theory emphasizes ________.
A) parenting; characteristics of the child
B) violent offenses; status offenses
C) boys’ delinquency; girls’ delinquency
D) treatment; prevention
Answer:
Freud believed the causes of aggression to be
A) instinctive.
B) learned.
C) an interaction between biological and environmental factors.
D) biochemical.
Answer:
Eric Rudolph is presented in the text as an example of a
A) charismatic leader.
B) school shooter.
C) religious radical.
D) lone wolf terrorist.
Answer:
Match up the terminology in the left column to the definitions in the right column.
A) Primary psychopaths who do engage in repetitive antisocial or criminal behavior
B) An interpersonal style that is characterized by fearlessness, being relatively immune
to stress or anxiety, and being successful at negotiating social interactions to achieve
desired goals
C) Higher-order mental abilities involved in goal-directed behavior
D) The most commonly used physiological indicator of emotional arousal in
psychopaths
E) The tendency to return to offending
F) Display aggressive, antisocial behavior they have learned from their subculture
G) Controls heart rate, gland secretion, and smooth muscle activity
H) Reflects the interpersonal and emotional components of psychopathy
I) Proposes that there are at least two temperament contributions that interact with
social environmental influences to produce developmental pathways that ultimately
lead to psychopathy
J) Deficient empathy, disdain for and lack of close attachments with others,
rebelliousness, excitement seeking, exploitativeness, and empowerment through cruelty
1. Dual-process model
2. Autonomic division
3. Executive functions
4. Meanness
5. Dyssocial psychopaths
6. Criminal psychopaths
7. Recidivism
8. Factor 1
9. Boldness
10. Skin conductance response
Answer:
Psychological profiling has its roots in
A) behaviorism.
B) psychometrics.
C) psychoanalysis.
D) politics.
E) behaviorism.
Answer:
Milgram’s famous studies on obedience to authority indicate that
A) people pay little attention to authority figures once they become adults.
B) in general, Americans are not obedient or conforming.
C) most people are obedient to authority even if it causes pain to others.
D) children are less obedient to authority than adults.
Answer:
According to Akers’ differential association reinforcement theory, criminal behavior
develops primarily as the result of
A) frustration.
B) heightened expectancies that are innate in the individual.
C) social reinforcements given by significant others.
D) classical conditioning.
Answer:
The three central behaviors of ADHD are
A) poor language development, hyperactivity, and irritability.
B) inattention, impulsivity, and excessive motor activity.
C) lack of empathy, inattention, and hostility.
D) impulsivity, defiance, and violation of others’ rights.
Answer:
Which key psychological factors are most important to reducing sex offending?
A) Motivational factors
B) Static risk factors
C) Historical factors
D) Dynamic risk factors
Answer:
One of the strongest predictors of later antisocial behavior is
A) peer rejection.
B) lack of interests or hobbies.
C) dysfunctional family dynamics.
D) excessive television viewing.
Answer:
Konrad Lorenz believed that a principle purpose of aggression in animals is to
A) keep the species population down to a survival level.
B) kill other species.
C) defend and protect “staked out” territory.
D) demonstrate which species is the most powerful and controlling.
Answer:
What affect has globalization had on a) the incidence of terrorism and b) the power of
terrorist organizations?
Answer:Answers will vary
Victimization data indicate that approximately ________ of rapes go unreported.
A) one-third
B) two-thirds
C) one-half
D) three-quarters
Answer:
Which statement most accurately reflects research findings on gender differences in
aggression?
A) Boys are more overtly aggressive than girls during the pre-school years, then
aggression rapidly decreases.
B) Gender differences in aggression are primarily due to biology.
C) Gender differences are due to cultural and socialization processes that promote
different kinds of aggression.
D) Girls are more aggressive than boys during the pre-school years only.
Answer:
The biological approach to criminal behavior often focuses on
A) cognitions.
B) pathways.
C) aggression.
D) traits.
Answer:
Research on sibling influence on delinquency indicates
A) the risk of delinquency is lower when the delinquent sibling is closer in age.
B) older siblings reinforce antisocial behavior regardless of the relationship between the
siblings.
C) older siblings reinforce antisocial behavior only when the siblings have a close
relationship.
D) the delinquent sibling reinforces antisocial behavior when siblings are of the same
gender.
Answer:
The murders at Virginia Tech in 2007 is an example of
A) domestic terrorism.
B) spree terrorism.
C) serial murder.
D) classic mass murder.
Answer:
Research shows that a major motivation for rape is to
A) harm or derogate the victim.
B) instigate sexual arousal in the victim.
C) act out a sexual fantasy.
D) satisfy a biological impulse.
Answer:
In hostage-taking situations, those hostages who, after release, have considerable
difficulty dealing with the after-effects of the incident are called
A) survivors.
B) pseudo-victims.
C) masked depressed survivors.
D) succumbers.
Answer:
An attack becomes ________ assault when the purpose is to inflict serious bodily
injury.
Answer:
Youthful offenders are processed in ________ courts, but sentencing options are
typically more lenient for them.
Answer:
Research conducted by ________ criminologists has allowed us to conclude that
juveniles as a group are over-represented in nonviolent property offenses.
Answer:
Do you believe kleptomania is fact or fiction? Support your answer with research
described in the text.
Answer:
Discuss the various theoretical perspectives on aggression, including the research in
support of or refuting these perspectives.
Answer:
Amateur bank robbers are highly ________ in their behavioral patterns.
Answer:
In order to understand criminal behavior in some depth, it is crucial that we regard all
individualswhether or not they violate the rules of societyas ________ problem solvers
who perceive, process, interpret, and respond uniquely to their environments.
Answer:
There has been a growth in the prevalence of auto theft involving ________ as a
method of access.
Answer:
Official burglary rates have ________ in recent years.
Answer:
In the fall of 2015, the federal government announced a change in policy that would
allow thousands of prisoners convicted of ________ to be released earlier than
expected.
Answer:
The focus of the textbook is the repetitive and ________ offender.
Answer:
Opiate narcotics generally have ________ and analgesic effects.
Answer:
Define emotional congruence with children. Include why this concept is becoming
increasingly important in CSO risk assessment.
Answer:
NCVS data consistently show that males are most likely to be victimized by ________.
Answer:
Theories of crime can be divided into classical and ________ schools.
Answer:
Most chronic criminal offenders are ________ rather than specialists.
Answer:
According to the concept of euphemistic language, people can display more cruelty or
at least can feel better about what they are doing when their conduct is given a
________ label.
Answer:
Compare and contrast the cumulative risk and developmental cascade model.
Answer:
Geographic profiling focuses on the ________ of the crime.
Answer: