Which of the following babies will most likely take the longest time to habituate to
novel visual forms?
A) Aaron, a newborn
B) Jared, a 2-month-old
C) Virginia, a 4-month-old
D) Olivia, a 5-month-old
When mothers are upright, labor is
A) longer.
B) more intense.
C) shortened.
D) more painful.
Binet and Simon’s intelligence test was the first to
A) assess the degree of classroom disruptiveness.
B) associate items of increasing difficulty with chronological age.
C) identify children who were gifted.
D) include both verbal and nonverbal items.
At birth, babies prefer
A) pure tones to complex sounds, such as noises and voices.
B) nonspeech sounds to human speech.
C) male voices to female voices.
D) complex sounds, such as noises and voices, to pure tones.
The skills acquired during __________ contribute to the understanding of emotions and
other mental states, perspective taking, moral maturity, and competence in relating to
other children.
A) story reading with parents
B) parallel play with peers
C) sibling interactions
D) independent reading
One of the most frequently occurring recessive disorder is
A) phenylketonuria (PKU).
B) Down syndrome.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) Tay-Sachs disease.
Which of the following children will probably display poorer academic achievement
and more serious adjustment problems following a divorce?
A) Sam, who lives with his father
B) Sue, who lives with her father
C) Jan, who lives with her mother
D) Jim, who lives with his mother
Studies of animals exposed to extreme forms of sensory deprivation provide ample
evidence that
A) operant learning plays a major role in early development.
B) sensitive periods in development exist.
C) developmental delays resulting from early life events cannot be overcome.
D) development proceeds according to the cephalocaudal and proximodistal trends.
Newborn Alexia makes poorly coordinated swipes toward an object in front of her.
Alexia is demonstrating
A) prereaching.
B) the ulnar grasp.
C) the pincer grasp.
D) voluntary reaching.
Despite its complexity, the human __________ reaches its adult size earlier than any
other organ or structure.
A) brain
B) skeleton
C) heart
D) liver
Anthony has a learning disability. Which of the following statements is most likely true
about Anthony?
A) Anthony’s private speech is an indication of unhealthy egocentric behavior.
B) Anthony’s use of self-guiding private speech during a challenging activity will not
lead to better task performance.
C) Anthony’s private speech will only be as good as his communication skills with
others.
D) Anthony uses private speech to help compensate for impairments in cognitive
processing.
Children __________ certain types of truthfulnessfor example, blunt statements,
particularly when made in public contexts where they are especially likely to have
negative social consequences.
A) cannot separate the harm from the intentions in
B) see only ill intentions in
C) are unable to recognize
D) evaluate negatively
Which of the following statements is true about speech perception?
A) Not until the end of the second year can toddlers “screen out” sounds not used in
their native tongue.
B) Between 6 and 8 months, babies start to “screen out” sounds not used in their native
tongue.
C) Young infants listen longer to nonspeech sounds than to human speech.
D) Newborns prefer speech that is fast, low-pitched, and monotone.
Dr. Shigoka is interested in determining which central nervous system structures
contribute to personality development. Dr. Shigoka will likely use
A) neurobiological methods.
B) event sampling.
C) the clinical, or case study, method.
D) ethnography.
A study conducted by Rovee-Collier using a mobile attached to a baby’s foot showed
that after 2- to 6-month-olds forget an operant response,
A) they need only a brief prompt to reinstate the memory.
B) they have to relearn the skill using classical conditioning.
C) their memory returns but diminishes dramatically.
D) they have to relearn the skill using habituation.
The Children’s Defense Fund
A) was founded by James Mark Baldwin.
B) engages in public education, legal action, and community organizing.
C) partners with corporations to enhance the social relevance of child development
research.
D) primarily publishes reports on children’s conditions in developing nations.
Young people who go to work immediately after high school graduation often
A) experience a major identity crisis in their early twenties.
B) settle on a self-definition earlier than agemates who attend college.
C) settle on a self-definition later than agemates who attend college.
D) become anxious and depressed and never really settle on a self-definition.
Fatima wants her 3-year-old son Jamal to tell his grandfather about his recent trip to the
beach. To elicit his recall, Fatima asks, “What did we do at the beach?” “What did you
play with?” “What did we do there?” This represents a(n) __________ narrative style.
A) deliberative
B) repetitive
C) reconstructive
D) elaborative
The __________ were the first to use samples representing the total population of the
United States to devise standards for interpreting test scores.
A) Core Knowledge Perspectives
B) American College Testing Assessments
C) Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales
D) Wechsler tests
Which of the following traits is considered expressive?
A) excitable in a major crisis
B) takes a stand
C) not easily influenced
D) holds up well under pressure
For a newborn to score a 2 on the pulse or heart rate section on the Apgar, her heart rate
should indicate
A) no heartbeat.
B) under 100 beats per minute.
C) 100 to 140 beats per minute.
D) over 150 beats per minute.
The dynamic interplay between emotion and cognition begins
A) in early infancy.
B) in toddlerhood.
C) during the preschool years.
D) during the elementary school years.
__________ contribute(s) to an increase in antisocial behavior among teenagers.
A) The desire for autonomy
B) A decreased capacity for moral self-regulation
C) Changes in the brain’s emotional/social network at puberty
D) A strict adherence to gender stereotypes
Which of the following statements is true regarding the influence of schooling on
fostering mature moral reasoning?
A) Higher education introduces young people to social issues that extend beyond
personal relationships to entire political or cultural groups.
B) Moral reasoning is explicitly taught in college and university settings.
C) When young people do not attend school, they often engage in deviant behavior,
which has a negative impact on moral reasoning.
D) Students who attend college must have advanced moral reasoning in order to be
successful in a competitive environment.
Julie is in her second trimester of pregnancy. She is physically fit and feeling great. In
what kind of exercise should Julie participate?
A) any frequent, vigorous exercise
B) working up a sweat for more than 30 minutes, four times a week
C) seven days of strenuous aerobic exercise followed by seven days of low-impact
exercise
D) most regular, moderate exercise
During the evening drive home, Mr. Cruz looks at his 4-year-old daughter in the
rearview mirror and asks what she is doing. She responds, “I”m thinking inside.” Her
response indicates an awareness of the __________ self.
A) categorical
B) enduring
C) inner
D) remembered
Adolescents __________ cope more effectively with stress, show better achievement in
school, and have fewer emotional and behavior problems.
A) with a biracial identity who attend monoracial schools
B) with a positive connection to their ethnic group
C) who avoid developing an ethnic identity
D) who are frequently exposed to racial discrimination
According to a British study on siblings and gender typing, which of the following
children is likely to be the most gender-typed?
A) David, who has an older brother
B) Devon, who has no siblings
C) Debbie, who has an older brother
D) Daniel, who has an older sister
In several recent investigations carried out in Canada, France, and the United States, a
majority of elementary and secondary school students
A) believed that boys are better at language arts than girls.
B) continued to view math as a “feminine” subject.
C) disagreed with the idea that math is a “masculine” subject.
D) perceived girls as able to do better in math than in language arts.
According to Piaget, children who pass class inclusion tasks
A) can focus on relations between a general and two specific categories at the same
time.
B) have the capacity to think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse them.
C) can order items along a quantitative dimension.
D) are able to recognize more than five separate and distinct categories of items.
Kate tells Kim that she has six fish, four hamsters, and two dogs. Later, when asked if
Kate has more fish or more dogs, Kim does not remember the exact numbers, but is
able to answer correctly because she relied on her __________ memory.
A) gist
B) numerical
C) verbatim
D) recognition
A major strength of the clinical interview is that it
A) permits people to display their thoughts in terms that are as close as possible to the
way they think in everyday life.
B) provides highly objective data that can be generalized to a larger population.
C) accurately assesses participants who have low verbal ability and expressiveness.
D) assures that each participant is asked the same set of questions.
Baby Franklin has figured out that crawling down a ramp might mean getting to the
desired location or falling. Franklin’s perception is guided by the discovery of
A) affordances.
B) invariant features.
C) contrast sensitivity.
D) binocular depth cues.