A speaker’s style is not always positive; it may be distracting and ineffective.
A good purpose statement reveals the issues that must be addressed in the speech.
When speaking to a knowledgeable audience, condescending is an effective strategy for
developing positive ethos.
Because impromptu speeches are delivered with little or no preparation, structure is not
really needed.
As Aristotle pointed out, ethos is an important factor in the success of a speech, but
many other factors are more important.
Accuracy in language style can be improved by the effective use of malapropisms.
Groupthink is the process of building consensus in groups through deliberative
speaking.
Deliberative speaking is common in informal decision-making groups.
Informality in language style is more appropriate for speakers than writers.
The speaker’s characteristic use of language to evoke emotion and to convey descriptive
meaning is referred to as delivery.
Five minutes before class, Billy realized that it was his assigned day to give a speech.
He did not want to make excuses, so he used the five minutes to prepare. His mode of
presentation can best be labeled as __________.
a. memorized
b. impromptu
c. extemporaneous
d. agenda
Which of the following is a goal of research in preparation for a speech?
a. looking into listeners’ backgrounds
b. thinking about your ethos
c. setting a purpose for the speech
d. organizing your information
Which of the following visual aids is a type of representation?
a. object
b. textual graphic
c. pie graph
d. model
Which of the following are two primary opportunities that arise with each speaking
situation?
a. agenda setting and ethos establishment
b. personal analysis and strategic planning
c. information advantage and audience analysis
d. personal inventory and inducing action
A graph used to show proportions or percentages of a whole is called a __________.
a. bar graph
b. line graph
c. pie graph
d. holograph
Critical listening begins with mapping and is aided by note taking, but it adds the step
of __________ before judgment.
a. assimilation
b. hearing
c. criticism
d. reflection
Which of the following is a strategy for preparing a conclusion?
a. ask a rhetorical question
b. tell a story
c. write the conclusion first
d. practice the conclusion
According to your book, what is the last step in practicing the speech?
a. running through the speech in your mind before an imaginary audience
b. talking through your presentation outline several times to test its effectiveness
c. simulating the conditions under which the speech will be given
d. practicing orally under a variety of conditions
The words “first,” ‘second,” and “third” serve as ________ in a speech.
a. ideas
b. support
c. signposts
d. internal previews
Which of the following is a demographic characteristic of an audience’s composition?
a. beliefs
b. values
c. age range
d. common knowledge
Archie opened his speech about the benefits of mainstreaming students with disabilities
in the school system by telling about his sister, who succeeded in high school despite
being confined to a wheelchair after a car accident. This type of introduction relies on
__________.
a. an analogy
b. an anecdote
c. humor
d. a rhetorical question
Which of the following strategies encourages information retention during an
informative speech?
a. reinforcement
b. reportage
c. inducement
d. conversion
In a presentation outline, which two elements should be written out word for word?
a. transitions and sources
b. purpose and preview
c. introduction and conclusion
d. main points and evidence
An effective research strategy should produce information from __________.
a. many sources that provide a single type of supporting material
b. a single source that provides many types of supporting material
c. mostly personal experience and direct observation
d. many sources that provide many types of supporting material
Shaleen wanted to show that subtle racism exists on her campus, so she interviewed a
number of students about incidents of discrimination they had experienced. She shared
their remarks with her classmates during her speech. What was Shaleen using in support
of her claim?
a. analogies
b. signs
c. lay testimony
d. expert testimony
In his discussion of gun control, Evan warned his listeners that we could not adopt the
approach used in England because comparing British laws with United States laws was
like “comparing apples and oranges.” Evan was using a language device for improving
clarity known as __________.
a. a malapropism
b. a maxim
c. jargon
d. purposeful ambiguity
Miho begins her speech about Japan by saying, “Do you realize that in Tokyo, more
than half a million people live in an area the size of the city of Huntington?” Which
function of the introduction is she hoping to accomplish with these remarks?
a. get the audience’s attention
b. preview the development of her speech
c. create a clear message
d. state her thesis
Lars listened to his classmates debating the provisions of the Patriot Act and decided to
give a speech clarifying their understanding of the term “patriotism.” Which
informative strategy might he have relied on most in his speech?
a. reporting
b. explaining
c. defining
d. comparing
When group reports are presented orally to others, the occasion is called __________.
a. a panel
b. a forum
c. a symposium
d. a debate
Which of the following is true of memorized speeches?
a. They are worth the time and effort of memorization.
b. Reciting them helps create a smooth, fluid delivery.
c. The main body is worth memorizing but the introduction and conclusion should be
delivered impromptu to stay fresh.
d. Few theorists advise anyone to memorize a speech.
Which of the following is a sign of a healthy public forum?
a. broad recognition of political and advertising slogans
b. increasing attention to information sources that support one’s own point of view
c. an increasing number of people who are convinced that they have the power to effect
change
d. a decreasing willingness to debate public issues
Instant acceptance or instant rejection of a speaker’s message occurs because of
__________.
a. listener distractions
b. situational distractions
c. short attention spans
d. jumping to conclusions
Critical thinking is not “negative, hostile, or adversarial.” It is defined as the ability to
__________.
a. consider differences between speaker and listeners
b. form and defend one’s own judgments
c. plan an action to achieve a challenge
d. critique each of a speaker’s main ideas
Which is good advice for overcoming speech anxiety?
a. Focus on your nonverbal behaviors; each gesture should be considered and
deliberate.
b. Think about the effect you want to have on your audience.
c. If you feel apprehensive, say so; the audience will know if you are faking it.
d. Skip past the introduction and get on to the “meat” of the speech as quickly as you
can.
Which of the following questions does deliberative speaking aim to answer?
a. What’s my purpose?
b. Who is right?
c. What shall we do?
d. Who is my target audience?
When Martin Luther King Jr. opened his famous “I Have a Dream” speech by saying, “I
am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest
demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation,” he was using what type of
introduction?
a. telling a story
b. using an analogy
c. identifying with the audience
d. referring to the speech situation
When you tailor your speech to the educational level of your classmates in a public
speaking course, you are focusing your audience analysis on __________.
a. audience demographics
b. audience psychology
c. audience culture
d. audience heterogeneity
Phillip gave a persuasive speech about why people should not smoke. His classmate,
Morris, refused to accept Phillip’s arguments, even though they were well supported,
because he thought Phillip was just another liberal do-gooder who wanted to curtail
people’s freedom. Which act of selective perception did Morris exhibit?
a. compartmentalization
b. denial
c. dismissal
d. belittling the source
The strength of an opinion as supporting material rests on the __________.
a. ethos of the person who holds it
b. factual support that verifies it
c. intelligence of the listener who accepts it
d. importance of the issue addressed by it
Which of the following criticisms apply to Alan H. Monroe’s motivated sequence?
a. Different listeners may follow the steps toward persuasion in a different sequence.
b. They are difficult to support with evidence.
c. We do not really know what motivates listeners, so these patterns are speculative.
d. They lack logical development.
Gloria concluded her speech about sexual harassment by saying, “We must all be
willing to confront sexual harassment wherever we encounter it, whether it be in the
classroom, the boardroom, in our homes, or at work.” This remark constitutes what type
of conclusion?
a. a utopian vision
b. a challenge to the audience
c. a summary
d. a quote
The drawback to using footnotes in the outline and then reproducing the supporting
material at the end is __________.
a. you will have to flip back and forth between the two
b. it will make your outline too long
c. it will not match up specific evidence with specific ideas
d. you will not be able to identify the type of supporting material
Identifying with the audience is a type of introduction that involves __________.
a. referring to experiences and values shared by the speaker and audience
b. referring to members of the audience by name
c. defining the target audience in the introduction
d. defining the desired audience response
The listener’s choice of whether to focus intently on a speech is known as selective
__________.
a. exposure
b. assimilation
c. perception
d. attention
Establishing a common bond between the speaker and the audience is referred to as
__________.
What is a unit of proof? What are its three components, and how are they related to
each other? What are the five aspects of rhetorical proof?
Identify and define the three types of questions an interviewer should be prepared to ask
when conducting an information-gathering interview. What are the advantages of each
type of question? Give an example of each type.
Weakening commitment is generally all a speaker can accomplish when addressing a
__________ audience.
When using Internet sources for research, you must determine whether the websites you
use meet basic standards of __________.
What are the criteria for a good topic, and why are they important?
Define the seven speech purposes discussed in your book and identify the unique
characteristics of each. Write a purpose statement representing each purpose.
Facts are statements that, at least in theory, can be __________ by someone else.
“Consumer confidence is declining due to continued joblessness” is a statement of
__________.
Retention is encouraged through __________, which is a response by the speaker that
rewards the listeners.
A __________ is a primary source that establishes a claim directly, without the need for
opinion or speculation.
Explain how the voice and body can each be used to enhance the presentation of a
speech. Give an example of how you might incorporate these principles in a speech.
What are three ways of displaying supporting material in a preparation outline, and
what are the benefits and drawbacks of each method?
In between the points signified by Roman numerals and those signified by Arabic
numerals in the outline are subpoints signified by __________.
Three elementsinternal previews, __________, and internal summariesmake up a
complete transition.
When we are exposed to speakers with different views, we use __________ to focus on
those ideas that are consistent with our current thinking and to dismiss ideas that are
inconsistent with our beliefs and values.
All speakers try to evoke a sense of common bonds among listeners and between the
audience and themselves. This is known as __________.