Among major crimes known to police in 2012, which Part I offense had the lowest
number of occurrences?
a. motor vehicle theft
b. assault
c. murder
d. larceny-theft
________ cases produce substantial changes both in the understanding of the
requirements of due process and in the practical day-to-day operations of the justice
system.
a. Sensational
b. Landmark
c. Crucial
d. Celebrated
During arrest and before questioning, defendants are usually advised of their ________.
a. civil rights
b. individual rights
c. political rights
d. Miranda rights
The following are UCR/NIBRS violent crime offenses, EXCEPT ________.
a. aggravated assault
b. burglary
c. forcible rape
d. murder
In ________ the U.S. Supreme Court recognized that evolving standards of decency
might necessitate a reconsideration of whether the death penalty violated the Eighth
Amendment.
a. Woodson v.North Carolina
b. Furman v. Georgia
c. Coker v.Georgia
d. Schriro v.Summerlin
Which Supreme Court case provides procedural safeguards to parolees at revocation
hearings?
a. Escoe v. Zerbst
b. Morrissey v. Brewer
c. Bearden v. Georgia
d. U.S. v. Knights
Who creates a record of all that occurs during the trial?
a. court administrator
b. clerk of court
c. court reporter
d. bailiff
Which of the following agencies is responsible for compiling the NCVS?
a. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
b. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)
c. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
d. International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)
The U.S. Supreme Court decided in Illinois v. Perkins that ________.
a. the police must obtain a warrant to secure a wiretap
b. inmates freely talking about their crimes to an undercover officer posing as an inmate
are not protected by Miranda
c. spontaneous statements aren”t protected by Miranda
d. defendants have the right to an attorney at a lineup
The ________ is the type of prisoner who thinks of prison as home and feels more
comfortable institutionalized than on the streets.
a. opportunist
b. colonizer
c. retreatist
d. gangbanger
Proportionality holds that ________.
a. the severity of sanctions should bear a direct relationship to the seriousness of the
crime
b. caseloads should be equally divided among the available judges
c. similar crimes should be punished with the same degree of severity
d. caseloads should be equally divided among the available prosecutors
John Irwin described the lifestyle of an inmate who takes advantage of the positive
experiences the prison has to offer as a(n) ________.
a. retreatist
b. opportunist
c. legalist
d. hedonist
Which of the following Supreme Court cases is concerned with search incident to
lawful arrest?
a. Maryland v. Garrison
b. Illinois v. Krull
c. U.S. v. Robinson
d. U.S. v. Irizarry
Today, a typical American prison is ____________.
a. an ADMAX prison
b. minimum or medium custody
c. private
d. maximum custody
Discretionary release is granted by ________.
a. probation officers
b. a parole board
c. a judge
d. statute
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the reform era of American policing?
a. Police stressed their role of service to the community.
b. It lasted from the 1930s to the 1970s.
c. Police prided themselves on being professional crime fighters.
d. Police focused most of their resources on fighting “traditional” crimes.
Which word describes aggressive men who assume the masculine role in homosexual
relations in male prisons?
a. wolf
b. fag
c. chester
d. punk
A sentence of 8 to 25 years under the supervision of the state department of correction
is an example of ________ sentencing.
a. consecutive
b. concurrent
c. indeterminate
d. structured
A reading of the Supreme Court’s decision in New Jersey v. T.L.O. leads to the
conclusion that a school employee’s search of a student could be considered reasonable
if it does all of the following, EXCEPT which?
a. is preceded by a Miranda warning
b. is based on a logical suspicion of rule-breaking actions;
c. is required to maintain order, discipline, and safety among students
d. does not exceed the scope of the original suspicion
Which Supreme Court case states that prisoners who become insane while incarcerated
cannot be executed?
a. Ford v. Wainwright
b. U.S. v. Brawner
c. Ake v. Oklahoma
d. Jones v. U.S.
________ is known as the suspension of criminal proceedings before sentencing and
referral to a private agency.
a. Diversion
b. Presentence investigation
c. Long form
d. Short form
Which of the following is NOT a justification for emergency warrantless searches?
a. danger of the removal or destruction of evidence
b. danger to property
c. danger to life
d. danger of escape
Female officers working in jails ________.
a. are disproportionately skewed toward jobs in the lower ranks
b. make up about 50% of the workforce
c. are usually regarded negatively by male officers
d. are usually not allowed to supervise male inmates in unscreened showers
At which stage of the hearing are defendants brought before a judge to possibly be
afforded the opportunity for bail?
a. preliminary hearing
b. pretrial release
c. grand jury hearing
d. first appearance
A person’s reason for committing a crime is a(n) ________.
a. motive
b. negligence
c. concurrence
d. causation
“Truth in sentencing” guarantees that offenders will serve at least ________ of their
sentence.
a. 65%
b. 50%
c. 85%
d. 25%
Our legal system generally recognizes all of the following broad categories of defenses
except ________.
a. excuses
b. justifications
c. opportunity
d. alibis
At the dispositional hearing, most judges decide not to ________ the juvenile.
a. transfer
b. question
c. hear from
d. confine
In Wells, the Court held that ________ authorizing the search of a vehicle for
inventorying purposes were necessary before such a discovery could be legitimate.
a. comprehensive criteria
b. reasonable parameters
c. fair yardsticks
d. standardized criteria
Which of the following laws limits the right to bail for certain kinds of offenders?
a. judicial concern law
b. offender law
c. detention law
d. danger law
According to the NVCAP, which is the most comprehensive victims’ bill of rights?
a. Victim and Witness Protection Act of 1982
b. Victims of Crime Act of 1984
c. Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
d. Victims’ Rights and Protection Act of 2008
A research project on female officers in Massachusetts found that female officers
________.
a. see themselves as police officers first, women second
b. are extremely devoted to their work
c. had no trouble balancing child-rearing and their jobs
d. are more satisfied with their job when working in uniformed capacities
Privatization of prisons is a hot topic in today’s discussion of inmate incarceration.
What are some of the advantages and disadvantages for privatizing prisons? Comment
on and analyze your views about privatization, supporting your opinions with examples
and facts.
Typically, civil suits seek punishment, not compensation.
List and define the three levels of law enforcement. Give examples of each level.
Harm occurs in any crime, although not all harms are crimes.
Harris v. U.S. sets out the plain-view doctrine.
Discretion is used mostly in routine situations that involve offenses that are not very
serious.
Prosecutors are required to assist the defense in building its case by making available
any evidence in their possession.
Less-lethal weapons do NOT offer a potential solution to incidents of ‘suicide by cop.”
Probable cause is the minimum standard necessary for an arrest under any
circumstance.
In Mistretta v. U.S. the Supreme Court held federal sentencing guidelines
unconstitutional and banned application in any federal cases until changes were made.
Describe the presentence investigation process. Explain who conducts the investigation
and why is it done. Also, who orders the investigation and what is done with the
completed report? Be specific in your answer, using examples when necessary.
Compare and contrast the difference between felonies, misdemeanors, and infractions.
The Klopfer case effectively made constitutional guarantees of a speedy trial applicable
to state courts.
The Federal Bureau of Investigation runs the Uniform Crime Reporting Program.
A felony is a criminal offense punishable by death or by incarceration in a prison
facility for at least one year.
The number of privileges given to inmates continues to increase.
Research has shown that within six months prior to release from prison, inmates begin
to demonstrate a renewed appreciation for conventional values rather than prison
values.
The U.S. has two separate court systems that function within the American criminal
justice system today: the federal court system and the state court system. List and define
three of the similarities and differences between the two systems.