Mrs. Golden wanted to collect baseline data on how often Lauren speaks to her
neighbor during silent reading. She divided the 15 minutes into equal 30 second
intervals and made a notation of Lauren’s talking during each. The method of data
collection she used was:
a. event recording
b. time sampling
c. interval recording
d. anecdotal recording
When students escape from a task or environment by performing an inappropriate
behavior that behavior is likely to be maintained by:
a. positive reinforcement
b. negative reinforcement
c. extinction
d. punishment
The labels “days,” “dates,” or ‘sessions” would be found on the abscissa.
What is known as a “demonstration of behavior”?
a. Modeling
b. Shaping
c. Positive Reinforcement
d. Operant Conditioning
Individuals are MOST likely to satiate on:
a. CRF schedules
b. FR schedules
c. FI schedules
d. VR schedules
What kind of prompt is being used in the following example: Miss Elkhart
physically demonstrates for Brandon how to open the microwave oven.
a. Visual Prompt
b. Modeling
c. Verbal Prompt
d. Physical Guidance
__________ refers only to procedures derived from experimental analysis of human
behavior.
a. cognitive modification
b. behavior modification
c. systematic analysis
d. all of the above
The use of indiscriminable contingencies takes advantage of:
a. sameness and difference in discriminative stimuli
b. naturally occurring reinforcers
c. continuous reinforcement to maintain behaviors
d. intermittent reinforcement to maintain behaviors
Directly observable behaviors include:
a. to know, to walk, to identify in writing
b. to underline, to draw, to discriminate
c. to see, to put on, to connect
d. to remove, to count orally, to circle
The schedule of reinforcement that is least resistant to extinction is:
a. CRF
b. FI
c. VR
d. VRD
A traditional reversal design has:
a. two phases
b. three phases
c. four phases
d. five phases
Ms. Markham is concerned about Peter’s arithmetic computation and work completion
behaviors. The appropriate design for use in this instance is:
a. changing criterion design
b. changing conditions design
c. reversal design
d. multiple baseline design
Confirmation of the reinforcing properties of a stimulus lies in:
a. the stimulus
b. the effect on behavior
c. the schedule
d. the teacher
What recording procedure should a teacher use if he wanted to be as exact as possible
in recording frequently occurring aggressive behaviors (such as hitting, kicking, and
biting) during a 20-minute activity period?
a. Time Sampling
b. Event Recording
c. Interval recording
d. Duration recording
All of the following refer to the process of generalization EXCEPT:
a. transfer of learning
b. stimulus generalization
c. behavioral perspective
d. A and C only
“Using Sufficient Exemplars” is similar to “Sequential modification” in that:
a. Change is targeted and assessed with settings, individuals, or activities in which NO
intervention has taken place.
b. Change is targeted and assessed with settings, individuals or activities in which
intervention HAS taken place.
c. The same techniques that successfully changed behavior in one setting are applied to
all settings where the target behavior is desirable.
d. None of the above
Systematically fading a combination of prompts is an example of:
a. Increasing assistance
b. Time delay
c. Decreasing assistance
d. Graduated guidance
A scale break indicates:
a. that 50% of the data points are above a certain number.
b. that data points fall at zero.
c. that the ordinate scale is not continuous.
d. that the ordinate scale is continuous.
The goal of behavior analysts is to __________ the number of options available to
people.
a. decrease
b. neutralize
c. increase
d. limit
When determining ________ of a behavior, we count the number of times the behavior
occurs within an observation period.
a. Frequency
b. Rate
c. Latency
d. Duration
A stimulus, or group of stimuli, that may reliably set the occasion for a response is:
a. positive reinforcement
b. discriminative stimuli
c. an S delta
d. respondent conditioning
John has been learning to write his name. During each presentation the teacher has him
write each letter in his name once. Which of the following would his teacher use to
report his data?
a. number of items
b. percentage of items
c. rate of items
d. none of the above
Aversive or exclusionary procedures may create problems in ALL BUT ONE of the
following ways:
a. their misuse is common and often defined by the users as behavior modification
b. their use is always appropriate when administered by professionals
c. their use causes more concern than other behavioral procedures
d. all of the above
Which of the following is an example of an SΔ?
a. Whenever Mrs. Marcott is in the room, she ignores James when he yells out answers.
b. Amanda knows that Mr. Stevens will pay attention to her if she uses profanity.
c. Coly learned that when he answers his ringing phone, he more than likely gets to talk
to one of his friends.
d. All of the above.
____________ data are reported as a number of items or a percent of items resulting
from behavior.
a. Rate
b. Duration
c. Latency
d. Permanent product
The first step in self-instruction involves:
a. an adult modeling the procedure while overtly talking through each step
b. a student completing the steps following an adults directions
c. a student completes the steps following picture prompts
d. none of the above
An interim criterion used in a changing criterion design is determined by:
a. the highest performance level of baseline
b. the lowest performance level of baseline
c. the mean level of performance of baseline
d. any of the above
During this procedure the prompt is presented in combination with the
discriminative stimulus.
a. time delay
b. least-to-most
c. simultaneous prompting
d. all of the above
____________ is calculated by dividing the number of times a behavior occurred by the
length of the observation period.
a. Frequency
b. Latency
c. Duration
d. Rate
Jessie is learning traffic signs in driver’s education. His teacher holds up the sign and
immediately records if Jessie names it correctly. This type of data collection is known
as:
a. event recording
b. time sampling
c. latency recording
d. permanent product recording
Refining broad generalizations into specific, observable, measurable behaviors is
known as
a. Pinpointing
b. Specification
c. Individualization
d. Modification
Mr. Mason is working with Jacy to increase the number of pizza boxes she folds during
her first thirty minutes at the pizza shop during her vocational instruction. She currently
folds an average of 15 boxes during a 30- minute period. Mr. Mason would like to
increase this number to 100. What would be the most appropriate research design to
use?
a. Changing Criterion Design
b. Multiple Baseline Design
c. Alternating Treatment Design
d. Changing Conditions Design
Discuss how percent of overlap is calculated when conducting a visual analysis of data.
Which of the following would be a procedure used by an applied behavior analyst?
a. Shock therapy
b. Gestalt therapy
c. Contingency contracting
d. Drug therapy