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To be criminal, an act must be voluntary.
Selective incorporation refers to the application of certain provisions of the Bill of
Rights to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.
Self-representation is a rare occurrence.
Most felony crimes are for nonviolent offenses.
What specific rights are covered in the reading of the Miranda warnings? What was the
U.S. Supreme Court's rationale in handing down this decision?
Historically, those eight years old and older were considered adults in the eyes of the
law, prosecuted as adults, convicted as adults, and served their sentences in the same
prison cells as adults.
___________________________ sentencing laws require that offenders convicted of
certain offenses must be sentenced to a prison term of not less than a specified period of
years, and non-prison sentences (such as probation) are expressly precluded.
When victims cooperate with the prosecution, the odds that a case will be prosecuted
increase dramatically.
A(n) ____________________ is the charging document most commonly used for
misdemeanor and ordinance violations.
Explain the rationale behind the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling that indigent defendants
must be provided with free-of-charge attorneys. In your answer be sure to make
reference to the case of Gideon v. Wainwright. What types of lawyers may be
appointed?
Over the past several , the composition of the bench has become more diverse.
When a crime is perceived to be less serious, individual factors such as prior record are
given relatively less weight than when the crime is more serious.
The criminalization of domestic violence has not greatly increased the workload of the
courts.
The idea that fear of punishment will prevent crime is called
_______________________.
Researchers find that when the appellate court sets aside a lower court's decision and
sends the case back for further proceedings (e.g., a new trial), many defendants are
convicted a second time.
A ____________________ search authorizes law enforcement to search and seize any
contraband or illegal items if they are in the immediate vision of the officers.
The three major reasons for case attrition are: (1) legal judgments, (2) policy priorities,
and (3) personal standards of justice.
Reverse waivers allow a juvenile to the criminal court to transfer jurisdiction to a
juvenile court.
The conference in juvenile court is roughly equivalent to a trial in an adult proceeding.
According to the wedding cake model, the top layer of the criminal justice system
consists of ___________________ cases.
