One way that parents can mediate children’s television viewing is by
a. allowing children to choose their own shows.
b. allowing unlimited access to the television.
c. controlling the number of hours of television exposure.
d. putting a TV in the child’s bedroom.
Compared to the Euro-American teacher, the Navajo teacher discussed in your text was
_________ in response to children’s statements.
a. quicker
b. slower
c. more positive
d. less elaborate
The “Culture of Honor” refers to the idea that
a. males should marry young.
b. aggression is an acceptable reaction to personal affront (attacks).
c. mesosystems are the most important of the types of systems.
d. cultural values are genetically inherited.
A parent who is controlling yet flexible, demanding yet rational, and receptive to the
child’s communication is considered
a. authoritarian.
b. individualistic.
c. authoritative.
d. neglectful.
How much a society is willing to pay for the education of its citizens is influenced by
a. values.
b. concepts of knowledge and skills required for the future.
c. opinions about the affordability of programs and curricula.
d. all of these.
Great Britain’s royal family is an example of a(n) _________ family.
a. transitional
b. matriarchal
c. patriarchal
d. egalitarian
Principal A visits one of the fourth-grade classrooms and asks children questions
anonymously about each other. Afterward, Principal A tabulates the results. Principal A
is performing what kind of rating?
a. Sociometric
b. Kinesthetic
c. Gang-related
d. Positive Peer Culture (PPC)
With which of the following methods are you most likely to compare a child’s
performance to existing norms?
a. Anecdotal record
b. Rating scale
c. Time sample
d. Goal structure
Morality of cooperation refers to
a. behavior based on mutual understanding between equals.
b. behavior based on respect for persons in authority.
c. heteronomous morality.
d. none of these.
Children who are socialized to be open, warm, committed to mutual dependence,
cooperative, sensitive to the feelings of others, and respectful of adults and social
conventions are more likely to be which of the following?
a. Logical in their approach to tasks
b. Field-independent
c. Field-dependent
d. None of these
An intervention in which children who have trouble making and keeping friends learn
to relate to others is called
a. sociotherapy.
b. sociometry.
c. parallel play.
d. the exclusionary technique.
An example of an exosystem is
a. a parent’s job.
b. an elementary school.
c. the relationship between family and school.
d. a peer group.
“I can”t hit Kyle; therefore I can”t hit any other children” is an example of
a. inductive reasoning.
b. deductive reasoning.
c. trust vs. mistrust.
d. punishment.
Kohn (1977, 1995) found that, compared to other families, middle-class families were
more likely to judge their children’s behavior in terms of
a. its immediate consequences.
b. the child’s motives.
c. its external characteristics.
d. whether or not it conformed to social norms.
The socializing agent that is thought to have the most significant impact on a child’s
development is
a. family.
b. parent’s work.
c. macrosystem.
d. media.
Interdependent relations, social responsibility, and the well-being of the group are
emphasized in
a. collectivist cultures.
b. traditional cultures.
c. individualism.
d. classism.
Children who have difficulty reading other children’s social cues are thought to benefit
from which of the following?
a. Watching others interact successfully
b. Watching social interactions on videotape
c. Watching puppets work out social situations
d. All of these
Upper-class parents tend to emphasize which of the following?
a. Not being a nuisance
b. Meeting the high expectations of past family achievements
c. Reasoning
d. All of these
Mary is a teacher who likes to use lots of praise in her classroom. Which of the
following best describes the principle Mary is using?
a. Positive reinforcement
b. Negative reinforcement
c. Extinction
d. Punishment
The implementation of Head Start and the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act are
examples of
a. chronosystem influences.
b. changes in the macrosystem over time.
c. programs driven by political ideology.
d. all of these.
Interactions in a community are influenced by which of the following?
a. Size of the community
b. Stability of the population
c. Mobility patterns
d. All of these
Early childhood classrooms with smaller groups and trained teachers allow teachers to
a. engage in more social interaction with the children.
b. buy more books for the program.
c. assume more authoritarian roles.
d. engage in less parent”teacher communication.
The psychological and practical relationships between humans and their social, as well
as physical, environment is termed
a. community ecology.
b. community.
c. population density.
d. convention.
In small schools (less than 400 pupils), students are found to
a. engage in fewer activities.
b. hold fewer leadership positions.
c. be more likely to report that they are satisfied with their school.
d. have lower graduation rates.
When Aronson and Patenoe (1996) used the “jigsaw-puzzle” method, the result was
a. an increase in social insults.
b. children who were better able to finish a large puzzle piece by themselves.
c. lower self-esteem among the children.
d. improved attitudes toward school.
Which children adapt best to any of a number of styles of parenting?
a. Easy
b. Difficult
c. Slow-to-warm-up
d. Irregular
Research comparing ethnic groups suggests that Latino Americans tend to
a. encourage children to learn by observation, by doing, and by the reactions of others.
b. include children in many adult activities.
c. use feedback.
d. all of these.
Which theory related to socialization believes that media content affects viewers’ beliefs
about the world and alters their behavior as a result?
a. Social cognitive theory
b. Cultivation theory
c. Motivation theory
d. Displacement theory
The first stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development is
a. preoperational.
b. preconventional.
c. conventional.
d. image-making.
The care settings most often used for infants and toddlers are
a. relatives, family day care homes, and day care centers.
b. relatives, friends, and older neighbors.
c. day-care centers and schools.
d. family day care homes and day care centers only.
Kagan (1984) suggested that the morality of most individuals is directed by
a. emotion.
b. reason.
c. operations.
d. postconventions.
Drawing on studies published since 1970, summarize the research on attachment as it
relates to nonparental child day care.
Answer:Answer not provided.
An inborn motive to explore, understand, and control one’s environment is known as
_________ motivation.
It is difficult to separate the socializing effects of the ______________of the book or
magazine from the socializing effects of the __________________ of the reader.
Children aged 2 to 7 years are in the stage Piaget termed _________.
Compare and contrast a teacher-directed curriculum with a learner-directed curriculum,
and give examples.
Answer:Answer not provided.
The _________________ is a source of social comparison.
Educational policies are generally under the jurisdiction of the government at the _____
level.
Compare and contrast the effects of the media on the development of children’s
attitudes.
Answer:Answer not provided.
Compare and contrast the social roles of wife/mother with those of husband/father.
Answer:Answer not provided.
Choose one of the following: schools, mass media, or peers. Based on your readings,
write a persuasive argument detailing why the socializing agent you chose has the most
significant impact on self-esteem.
Answer:Answer not provided.
Social interaction in a group that is organized and has a purpose is called _________
play.
The most important influence on students’ achievement is the ________________
teacher.
Describe how parenting behavior is affected by parental occupation, and give examples.
Answer:Answer not provided.
In a learner-directed classroom, __________________motivation guides children’s
learning.
Gracetown has a school in which the primary focus is on the arts. The Gracetown arts
school draws children from many different neighborhoods. Gracetown’s arts school
would be called a(n) _________ school.
According to Bronfenbrenner, school violence is an example of something found in the
_________?
Exhibiting too much faith in one’s reasoning ability and cleverness is called _________.
Gangs are usually made up of _____ cultural group(s).
One’s rank or position within a society, based on social and economic factors, is called
one’s _________.