Claudia is a third grader with intellectual disabilities. She has thick epicanthal folds in
the corner of her eyes, small stature, decreased muscle tone, speckling of the iris of the
eye, a small oral cavity, and short, broad hands with a single palmar crease. These
characteristics are typical of
a) cultural-familial intellectual disabilities.
b) Down syndrome.
c) fetal alcohol syndrome.
d) Fragile X syndrome.
The neuromuscular activity of forming and sequencing the sounds of oral language is
called
A) communication.
B) discourse.
C) speech.
D) phonology.
For educational purposes, individuals who are blind
a. are able to use a magnifying device.
b. can still read print if it is large enough.
c. have absolutely no sight.
d. must use braille or aural methods.
What makes special education ‘special” is
a. instruction that it alone uses.
b. the more qualified teachers involved in it.
c. instruction that is altered to meet the needs of exceptional learners.
d. the quantity of services provided.
All of the following are suggestions for teaching students with ADHD EXCEPT
A) divide instruction into meaningful chunks.
B) provide a rationale for each lesson.
C) include opportunities for guided practice.
D) avoid”thinking aloud”as this is very distracting.
The structure in the eye that refines and changes the focus of the light rays is the
a. lens.
b. pupil.
c. vitreous humor.
d. retina.
All of the following are problems associated with inner ear hearing loss EXCEPT
A) sound distortion.
B) balance problems.
C) ringing noises.
D) draining fluid.
All of the following syndromes are associated with deaf-blindness EXCEPT
a) Down syndrome.
b) CHARGE syndrome.
c) Usher syndrome.
d) Bright Eye syndrome.
Each of the following statements about education for most children with a physical
disability is true EXCEPT
A) It should be similar to that for children without disabilities but at a somewhat lower
age level.
B) It is often extended beyond that typically provided to include self-help skills.
C) Objectives should include autonomy and self-advocacy.
D) Attention should be given to environmental changes that allow them to respond
more effectively.
The Common Core State Standards Initiative’s document, “Application to Students with
Disabilities,” states that students with disabilities
a. should not be held accountable regarding the general education curriculum.
b. should be allowed to have a copy of the test one-week in advance of its
administration.
c. should not receive any accommodations on the test.
d. might need to have instructional supports by, for example, by presenting material in
multiple ways.
Each of the following is true regarding school practices and development of E/BD
EXCEPT
A) Children may become better or worse, depending on how they are managed in the
classroom.
B) A child’s temperament and social competence interact with behaviors of peers and
teachers.
C) We know which specific school experiences contribute to E/BD.
D) Teachers need to be aware of how their academic instruction and behavior
management approaches may contribute to student’s misconduct.
Tantrums
a) are a form of self-torture.
b) inhibit socialization.
c) are best dealt with by not giving in and holding firm to expectations.
d) are the result of having poor self-concepts.
In the majority of cases, the cause of E/BD is
A) biological.
B) family-related.
C) unknown.
D) school-based.
Praxis: I.C.
CEC: CC2K1
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, all of the following are
recommendations for teaching children with ADHD EXCEPT
A) Take advantage of their inherent fear of punishment.
B) Follow the same routine every day.
C) Have a place for everything, keep everything in its place.
D) Have clear and consistent rules.
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) includes each of the following components
EXCEPT
A) using structured lessons.
B) limited use of reinforcement.
C) focus on functional skills.
D) continuous assessment of progress.
Assuming that a cultural identity is sufficient to explain academic achievement or
economic success is a form of
a. prognostication.
b. ethnicity.
c. cultural relativism.
d. stereotyping.
Students with poor phonological skills are most likely to have problems with which
aspect of written language?
A) handwriting
B) spelling
C) metacognitive strategies
D) creative writing
Which one of the following is an example of an alternative question-asking strategy?
A) focusing on student-initiated questions
B) reducing the complexity of a question
C) increasing interaction between student and teacher so both members ask and answer
questions
D) creating several questions with synonymous meaning
Alzheimer’s disease has been linked to which cause of intellectual disabilities?
a) neurofibromatosis
b) Down syndrome
c) phenylketonuria (PKU)
d) hydrocephalus
The National Federation of the Blind has had braille bills passed to
a. ensure that teachers of students with visual impairment are proficient in braille.
b. require braille instruction for all students with visual impairment.
c. increase the availability of devices like the Kurzweil Personal Reader.
d. provide funding for students to attend special schools to learn braille.
Research has demonstrated that interactions between parents and their infants
a. is dependent on how difficult the mother’s labor during delivery.
b. is reciprocalsometimes the infant’s reactions determine the mother’s behavior, and
sometimes the opposite occurs.
c. is more negative than positive.
d. is more positive than negative.
Freda, Sam, and Liz are eighth-grade students with learning disabilities. Which one of
the following statements best illustrates the concept of intraindividual variation?
A) Freda scores high in math, but not in spelling.
B) In comparison to eighth graders nationally, Sam scores lower in reading and written
expression.
C) In comparison to Freda and Sam, Liz has higher achievement in math.
D) Liz has lower reading scores than any of the nondisabled students in her class.
Fragile X syndrome occurs more often in
a) females.
b) twins.
c) first-born offspring.
d) males.
An informal reading inventory is primarily used to
A) provide practice in reading for the student.
B) explain the cause of a student’s reading problems.
C) estimate the appropriate difficulty level of reading materials.
D) design instructional interventions.
Each of the following statements about the outcomes for individuals with
deaf-blindness is true EXCEPT
a) All interactions with adults and the environment should be viewed as learning
opportunities.
b) The quality and intensity of instruction the person receives is critical
c) The more severe the impairments, the greater the impact on a person’s ability to
adapt.
d) Additional disabilities do not tend to increase the impact on a person’s ability to
adapt.
All low-incidence, severe, and multiple disabilities combined probably affect what
percentage of the population?
a) about 2%
b) less than 1%
c) about 3%
d) about 4%
Tad is a 15-year-old youth with a long-standing history of school failure and serious
behavioral offenses. He is currently in prison and receives no special education
services. A likely reason why Tad is not receiving services is that
A) IDEA does not apply to prison schools.
B) Tad is considered’socially maladjusted”and therefore is not eligible for services.
C) because he has been convicted of a serious offense, Tad has lost the right to a free,
appropriate public education.
D) Tad has refused to participate in special education programming.
In the case of Hudson v. Rowley, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the school did not
have to provide a sign interpreter for Amy Rowley, a child who was deaf, because she
had an IEP that allowed her to achieve at or above an average level for her age. The
decision interpreted which component of P.L. 94-142?
a. due process
b. least restrictive environment
c. free, appropriate education
d. nondiscriminatory evaluation
The most common known hereditary cause of intellectual disabilities is
a) Fragile X syndrome.
b) Down syndrome.
c) Williams syndrome.
d) Prader-Willi syndrome.
All of the following are ways that people with ADHD can exhibit problems with
executive function EXCEPT
A) They have difficulty telling right from wrong.
B) They have difficulty with working memory.
C) They have difficulty with inhibitory control.
D) They have difficulty with mental flexibility.
Definitions of giftedness are shaped to a large extent by
A) psychological research.
B) socioemotional factors.
C) cultural beliefs.
D) federal laws.
Each of the following is a misconception about people with disabilities EXCEPT
a. Research has established that inclusion is more effective than education in special
classes.
b. Professionals are in agreement about the extent to which technology can and should
be used.
c. Students with disabilities must be included in standardized testing.
d. Considerable disagreement exists about whether early intervention for children with
disabilities should be child directed or more teacher directed.
Which one of the following is the best example of a language variation?
A) Appalachian English
B) acquired aphasia
C) stuttering
D) American Sign Language
Tina and Jim have three children, one of whom has a disability. Several professionals
work for them, encouraging the family to make its own decisions and get professional
and informal support. This approach to intervention is consistent with which model?
a. professional-centered
b. family-centered
c. center-based
d. ideologically-driven
Describe acceleration and discuss the advantages of this approach to meeting
educational needs of students who are gifted or talented.
Discuss factors that need to be considered for the transition from school to work for