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What legal concept provides the basis of suspicion less searches when public safety is
at issue?
a. fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine
b. reasonable suspicion
c. probable cause
d. compelling interest
The Constitution prohibits the enactment of ________ laws, which make acts
committed before the laws in question were passed punishable as crimes.
a. actus reus
b. ex post facto
c. corpus delicti
d. stare decisis
Prison language is also called ________.
a. convict talk
b. prison argot
c. "the code"
d. the secret vocabulary
________ among female inmates is very high.
a. High school education
b. Excellent health
c. Substance abuse
d. Sexual aggression
Murder is considered as a ________ crime.
a. hate
b. property
c. violent
d. corporate
Under Roman law, the ______ had absolute control over the child.
a. state
b. mother
c. father
d. courts
Where is the nation's largest law enforcement agency, with about 34,500 full-time
sworn officers?
a. New York
b. Miami
c. Chicago
d. Los Angeles
What is another name for cybercrime?
a. violent crime
b. property crime
c. information technology crime
d. hate crime
Which of the following is NOT an element of the federal deadly force policy?
a. warning shot
b. fleeing subject
c. racial bias
d. defense of life
A criminal offense committed against a person, property, or society that is motivated, in
whole or in part, by the offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual
orientation, or ethnicity/national origin is called ________.
a. cyberterrorism
b. organized crime
c. hate crime
d. stalking
The federal Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 requires states
accepting federal funds for their juvenile justice systems to agree to separate juvenile
prisoners from adult prisoners by 'sight and sound" and to ________.
a. grant juveniles the right to trial by jury
b. establish teen courts
c. deinstitutionalize status offenders
d. abandon the doctrine of parens patriae
A legal principle that excludes from introduction at trial any evidence later developed as
a result of an illegal search or seizure is called ________.
a. good-faith exception
b. compelling interest
c. latent evidence
d. fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine
Which of the following is NOT a dimension that can be used to measure prison
crowding?
a. living arrangements (i.e., single vs. double bunking)
b. the length of confinement of inmates in cells
c. the prison's fiscal budget
d. the space available per inmate
An officer's authority to detain occupants of a dwelling incident to the execution of a
valid search warrant is ________.
a. limited to a pat down
b. as broad as the warrant allows
c. absolute and unqualified
d. limited by the Sixth Amendment
The FBI headquarters is located in what city?
a. Chicago
b. Washington, D.C.
c. Boston
d. New York City
Criminal defendants who are unable to afford their own lawyer can use all of the
following systems, EXCEPT ________.
a. assigned counsel
b. public defenders
c. bailiffs
d. contractual arrangements
The first step in decision making in a case regarding a juvenile whose behavior is in
violation of the law is known as ________.
a. adjudication
b. the disposition
c. intake
d. the arraignment
The assumption that criminal acts injure not just individuals, but society as a whole is
fundamental to which of the following laws?
a. criminal law
b. administrative law
c. civil law
d. procedural law
With regard to religious freedom, the government shall NOT impose ________ on the
religious exercise of the prisoner.
a. a substantial burden
b. any rules
c. a limit
d. any restrictions
Which of the following cases determined that the method of execution of an offender
may not create a substantial risk of wanton and unnecessary infliction of pain, torture,
or lingering death?
a. Furman v. Georgia
b. Baze v.Rees
c. Gregg v. Georgia
d. Atkins v.Virginia
In 2005, ________ was appointed Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
a. William Rehnquist
b. Earl Warren
c. John G. Roberts
d. Warren Burger
Which type of law refers to the body of regulations that the government creates to
control the activities of industries, businesses, and individuals?
a. criminal law
b. administrative law
c. case law
d. procedural law
Which of the following cases essentially says that requiring sentencing judges to
consider facts not proven to a jury violates the Constitution?
a. Apprendi v.New Jersey
b. Elledge v.Florida
c. Rita v.U.S.
d. Gall v.U.S.
Which among the following examples is the lowest-level of police corruption?
a. violent crimes
b. playing favorites
c. property crimes
d. denial of civil rights
The youngest offenders are known as ________.
a. undisciplined children
b. child delinquents
c. status offenders
d. abused children
Which of the following is not a function of a probation or parole officer's work?
a. intake procedures
b. needs assessment and diagnosis
c. supervision of clients
d. assistance to prosecutors by conducting arrests and investigations
The Supreme Court case of Wilkerson v. Utah deals with what form of execution?
a. firing squad
b. electrocution
c. lethal injection
d. hanging
Government agencies that function to investigate, supervise, adjudicate, care for, or
confine youthful offenders and other children subject to the jurisdiction of the juvenile
court make up the ________ system.
a. status
b. juvenile petition
c. juvenile justice
d. juvenile disposition
The 1984 U.S. Supreme Court case U.S. v. Leon established ________.
a. warrantless searches
b. the plain-view doctrine
c. the good-faith exception
d. the exclusionary rule
A child who has not been receiving the proper level of physical or psychological care
from his or her parents or guardians is a(n) ________.
a. dependent child
b. neglected child
c. delinquent child
d. undisciplined child
Which of the following is a form of structured sentencing?
a. indeterminate sentencing
b. contemporary sentencing
c. quasi-independent sentencing
d. determinate sentencing
What was the title used for the simple aggregation of the Part I offenses?
a. Uniform Crime Reporting
b. National Crime Victimization Survey
c. Bureau of Justice Statistics
d. Crime Index
Rights are concerned with procedure, that is, with how police and other actors in the
criminal justice system handle each part of the process of dealing with suspects.
There are several important U.S. Supreme Court that had an impact on decisions
relating to the treatment of juveniles. List three cases and analyze their impact had on
the treatment of juveniles, both in and out of the courtroom. Comment on how each of
these cases is relevant and important to the treatment of juveniles.
Describe identity theft and the steps taken to combat it.
List and describe at least three typical aggravating and mitigating circumstances judges
may consider in arriving at sentencing decisions in presumptive sentencing
jurisdictions. Compare the pros and cons for each circumstance.
Compare and contrast the issues relative to the electronic gathering of evidence.
Indeterminate sentencing is also sometimes called presumptive sentencing.
In March, 2008, the U.S. Congress passed the Second Chance Act. The bill authorized
the expenditure of approximately $400 million dollars in federal funds to reduce
recidivism. List and define four of the programs and discuss how they can or do impact
recidivism.
Factual guilt is established only when the prosecutor presents evidence that is sufficient
to convince the judge.
Most research has clearly demonstrated that the death penalty can deter potential
offenders from committing crime.
State police agencies are generally separated into two models. Compare and contrast the
two models and define their functions within the states and communities they serve.
Many states exclude certain serious, violent crimes from the jurisdiction of the juvenile
court.
Before the modern era, children who committed crimes in the Western world received
no preferential treatment because of their youth.
In the 1960s, renowned criminologist Jerome Skolnick described what he called the
police working personality.
By law and judicial precedent, television cameras are permitted in all state and federal
courtrooms.
Procedural defenses make the claim that the defendant was in some manner
discriminated against in the justice process or that some important aspect of official
procedure was not properly followed. List and define four of these defenses while
commenting on their good and bad points.
Most police departments require new officers to have a four-year degree.
The theft of a motorboat would be classified by the UCR/NIBRS Program as a motor
vehicle theft.
By definition a criminal action requires actus reus, mens rea, and concurrence to occur.
Define and gives examples of these three actions.
The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) has identified five
significant developments that have taken place over the past decade with significant
executive or legislative actions. List and define three of those five developments.
The National Incident-Based Reporting System represents a significant redesign of the
original Uniform Crime Reporting Program.
