All of the following are elements in the process of reality therapy except:
a. establishing a therapeutic relationship.
b. encouraging her to re-author a problem-saturated story.
c. challenging Ruth to evaluate her behavior.
d. assisting Ruth in developing a realistic plan for change.
e. getting Ruth to make a commitment to carry out her plan.
REBT contends that people:
a. have a need to be loved and accepted by everyone.
b. need to be accepted by most people.
c. will become emotionally sick if they are rejected.
d. do not need to be accepted and loved.
One of Satir’s techniques is:
a. externalizing the problem.
b. family sculpting.
c. paradoxical intervention.
d. reauthoring life stories.
e. the miracle question.
A self-actualized person:
a. welcomes uncertainty in his or her life.
b. has a capacity for deep and intense interpersonal relationships.
c. does not have artificial dichotomies within himself or herself.
d. is spontaneous and creative.
e. all of these.
Rogers describes people as having which characteristic(s) as they move toward
self-actualization?
a. openness to experience
b. internal sources of evaluation
c. capacity to challenge transference relationship
d. ability to undermine irrational thought patterns
e. both (a) and (b)
The concept of automatic thoughts plays a central role in whose theory?
a. Ellis
b. Beck
c. Meichenbaum
d. Lazarus
e. Bandura
The key principle in applied behavior analysis is:
a. to use the least aversive means to change behavior.
b. to use positive and negative punishment to change behavior.
c. in vivo desensitization.
d. all of these.
Which approach was developed during the 1940s as a nondirective reaction against
psychoanalysis?
a. person-centered therapy
b. family systems therapy
c. Adlerian therapy
d. reality therapy
e. cognitive therapy
Which of the following is least associated with Satir’s human validation process model?
a. family rules
b. functional versus dysfunctional communication patterns
c. family roles and triads
d. storied lives and narratives
e. defensive stances in coping with stress
Wubboding believes all of the following encourage the client’s involvement in therapy
except for:
a. appropriate use of humor.
b. warmth.
c. facilitative self-disclosure.
d. allowing the client to focus on symptoms.
Who was the person who refined Adler’s concepts into a typology of mistaken goals and
an organized approach to family therapy?
a. Virginia Satir
b. Jay Haley
c. Cloe Madanes
d. Carl Whitaker
e. Rudolf Dreikurs
Which of the following is true with regard to the fundamental characteristics of
behavior therapy?
a. Behavior can be characterized as overt actions and internal processes.
b. Behavior is something that can be operationally defined.
c. Behavior is learned, at least for the most part.
d. The behavioral approach is characterized by results and data.
e. All of the above.
When counseling couples, Adlerian therapists strive to:
a. create solutions for problems.
b. increase the couple’s choices.
c. help the couple discover their collective resources.
d. enhance the couple’s communication.
e. all of these
Gestalt therapists say that clients resist contact by means of:
a. retroflection.
b. projection.
c. introjection.
d. all of these
What does the author believe about the trajectory of the person-centered therapist’s
development?
a. With accumulating experience, person-centered therapists increasingly understand
that the responsibility for change rests primarily with them (the therapists).
b. Beginning therapists recognize early in training that active listening is very easy.
c. The beginning therapist’s empathic responding often remains superficial and
sometimes becomes repetitive, which results in lack of progress because no deeper
understanding of clients’ experiences take place.
d. Beginning therapists tend to be much more enthusiastic about the work than more
experienced therapists, which makes them far more effective in their role.
e. both (b) and (d).
Which therapeutic approach would focus on gender-role analysis and gender-role
socialization with Stan?
a. strategic family therapy
b. Adlerian therapy
c. feminist therapy
d. existential therapy
e. narrative therapy
The purpose of examining a client’s family constellation is:
a. to get a picture of the individual’s early social world.
b. to bring unconscious factors to the surface.
c. to discover hereditary aspects of the client’s behavior.
d. to determine who else in the family needs help.
Cognitive behavioral therapists assist clients in using language that:
a. is not self-condemning.
b. depicts the client’s thoughts in a rational and accurate manner.
c. replaces absolutes with preferences.
d. all of these
An REBT therapist would contend that anxiety stems from:
a. unresolved issues of the past.
b. inadequate ego-defense mechanisms.
c. the internal repetition of irrational sentences.
d. a normal human condition that should be accepted.
e. oppressive social conditions.
During the past 20 years ____________ have found classic feminist theories wanting
and have offered new theoretical perspectives focused on issues of diversity, the
complexity of sexism, and the centrality of social context in understanding gender
issues.
a. postmodern feminists
b. radical feminists
c. socialist feminists
d. liberal feminists
e. cultural feminists
The ______________________that recently has come into prominence shares many
concepts on the healthy side of human existence with the humanistic approach.
a. positive psychology movement
b. object relations approach
c. dialectical behavior therapy approach
d. applied behavior analysis movement.
Person-centered therapists contend that change cannot occur without:
a. a behavior plan.
b. a growth promoting climate.
c. catharsis.
d. discussion of the client’s dreams.
e. understanding the client’s family constellation.
Cognitive therapy (CT), developed by ______________, perceives psychological
problems as stemming from:
a. Donald Meichenbaum; emotional stress.
b. Aaron Beck; faulty thinking, making incorrect inferences on the basis of inadequate
or incorrect information, and failing to distinguish between fantasy and reality.
c. Albert Bandura; poor social learning experiences.
d. Judith Beck; weight issues.
e. Heinz Kohut; deficits in the self.
Which theoretical perspective places primary emphasis on the client/therapist
relationship and uses few techniques other than active listening, reflection, and
clarification?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. reality therapy
c. existential therapy
d. person-centered therapy
e. Adlerian therapy
Which of the following approaches to therapy stresses the attitude of the therapist over
the use of techniques?
a. person-centered therapy
b. psychoanalytic therapy
c. cognitive-behavior therapy
d. behavior therapy
In Gestalt therapy, the relationship between client and counselor is seen as:
a. a joint venture.
b. an existential encounter.
c. an I/Thou interaction.
d. all of these
Behavior therapy assumes that:
a. behavior is the result of unconscious forces.
b. behavior is the result of free choices.
c. behavior is determined by psychic energy.
d. behavior is learned.
Which of the following notions do the feminist, postmodern, and person-centered
approaches share in common?
a. the belief that the client is the expert on his or her life
b. the importance of interpretation of dreams
c. their stance on diagnosis
d. both (a) and (c)
e. all of the above
As a result of the client/therapist relationship in psychoanalytic therapy:
a. clients acquire insights into their own unconscious psychodynamics.
b. clients are better able to understand the association between their past experiences
and their current behavior.
c. awareness is increased on the client’s part.
d. all of these
All of the following are goals of feminist therapy except for:
a. striving for gender equality.
b. confronting forms of institutional oppression.
c. resolving intrapsychic conflicts from early childhood.
d. helping clients embrace their personal power.
e. freeing clients of gender role socialization.
In order for a therapist to communicate “accurate empathic understanding” the
counselor must:
a. have experienced a situation very similar to the client’s current predicament.
b. clarify details and facts relevant to the client’s experiences.
c. feel a deep sense of warmth toward the client.
d. connect emotionally to the client’s subjective experience.
All of the following strategies are unique to feminist therapy except for:
a. cognitive restructuring.
b. encouraging clients to take social action.
c. being an advocate in challenging conventional attitudes about roles for women.
d. power analysis and intervention.
e. gender-role analysis and intervention.
Which of the following is not an issue that Stan struggles with?
a. fear of being alone
b. fear of intimate relationships with women
c. substance use
d. lacking a sense of direction and meaning in his life
e. aggressive outbursts
The relational-cultural theory emphasizes the vital role:
a. that relationships and connectedness with others play in the lives of women.
b. of a spiritual or religious perspective in providing women with strength.
c. in understanding how early childhood is a crucial factor in a woman’s personality
development.
d. that siblings play in the shaping of personality.
One of the most important Freudian concepts, which consists of pushing unacceptable
life events and painful feelings into the unconscious, is:
a. repression.
b. regression.
c. displacement.
d. rationalization.
e. projection.
In CBT, clients and counselor jointly set the agenda for the therapy session.
A trend in contemporary behavior therapy is the increased emphasis on the role of
thinking and ‘self-talk” as a factor in behavior.
Systematic desensitization typically includes the use of relaxation procedures.
Adlerians have a teleological view of human nature.
Strategic family therapy has its foundation in communications theory.
The Adlerian approach to parent education emphasizes listening to children.
REBT contends that humans need the love and acceptance of significant others in order
to feel worthwhile.
An integrative perspective is not developed in a random fashion.
Brief psychodynamic therapists tend to assume an active role in the therapy process.
The basic therapeutic conditions stressed by person-centered therapists can be
integrated into a behavioral framework.
Clients are viewed by Adlerian therapists as ‘sick” and in need of a cure.
Glasser believes the need to love and to belong are secondary needs.
Gender-free theories explain differences in the behavior of women and men on the basis
of true natures, rather than on learning.
The use of techniques is fundamental in narrative therapy.
Existential therapy is especially appropriate for clients who are struggling with
developmental crises.
The person-centered approach evolved from a nondirective therapy to an experiential
therapy.