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Which of the following refers to the phenomenon of force being used unacceptably,
often on a department-wide basis?
a. threat of force
b. illegal use of force
c. excessive use of force
d. police use of force
Which of the following terms is prison slang for an informant?
a. rat
b. fish
c. gorilla
d. wolf
One purpose of ________ is to help ensure the reappearance of the accused at trial.
a. bail
b. adjudication
c. plea
d. arraignment
Each of the following are UCR/NIBRS property crime offenses, EXCEPT ________.
a. motor vehicle theft
b. larceny-theft
c. burglary
d. robbery
One of the five philosophical principles that form the basis for the juvenile court
movement states that ________ is the "higher or ultimate parent" of the child.
a. the father of the child
b. the church or religious establishment
c. the legal guardian of the child
d. the state
Challenges to prison conditions by inmates, which are brought under the Eighth
Amendment, must show ________ by the officials responsible for the conditions.
a. wanton infliction
b. recklessness
c. criminality
d. deliberate indifference
Evidence that requires interpretation or that requires a judge or jury to reach a
conclusion based on what the evidence indicates is called ________.
a. circumstantial evidence
b. exculpatory evidence
c. real evidence
d. direct evidence
Which of the following requires that incriminating evidence be seized by police
according to the constitutional specifications of due process or it will not be allowed as
evidence in court?
a. seizure rule
b. due process rule
c. exclusionary rule
d. procedural rule
The tension between individual rights and social responsibility does NOT form the
basis for policymaking activities in the criminal justice arena.
Which of the following cases supports the decision by Congress to deny bail to
offenders who represent a danger to the community?
a. McNabb v.U.S.
b. U.S. v. Montalvo-Murillo
c. Sell v.U.S.
d. U.S. v. Hazzard
Which of the following data sources asks respondents to reveal an illegal activity in
which they have been involved?
a. victimization data
b. criminal justice data
c. self-report data
d. crime offense data
In case of indictment, who hears evidence presented by the prosecutor and decides
whether the case should go to trial?
a. the judge
b. the police officer
c. the grand jury
d. the prosecutor
Which of the following is a procedural defense?
a. diminished capacity
b. involuntary intoxication
c. double jeopardy
d. mental incompetence
The fact-finding process wherein the juvenile court determines whether there is
sufficient evidence to sustain the allegations in a petition is called (a)n ________
hearing.
a. intake
b. transfer
c. dispositional
d. adjudicatory
The theft of farm animals would be classified as ________.
a. larceny-theft
b. burglary
c. robbery
d. motor vehicle theft
Which state had the first modern state police agency?
a. Maryland
b. Virginia
c. New York
d. Pennsylvania
Which state became the first in modern times to reinstitute the use of the prison chain
gang?
a. Maine
b. Illinois
c. Alabama
d. California
The unlawful taking or attempted taking of property that is in the immediate possession
of another, by force or the threat of force, is known as ________.
a. larceny-theft
b. robbery
c. burglary
d. aggravated assault
All of the following crimes are UCR/NIBRS Part I offenses, EXCEPT ________.
a. murder
b. robbery
c. drug use
d. forcible rape
Each of the following offenses falls under the category of larceny, EXCEPT ________.
a. purse snatching
b. bicycle theft
c. robbery
d. shoplifting
According to a Bureau of Justice Statistics study, about what percentage of people
convicted of homicide are placed on probation?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 16%
d. 3%
More than half of the children of female prisoners never visit their mothers during the
period of incarceration. The lack of visits is due to all of the following reasons,
EXCEPT that the ________.
a. prisons are located in remote areas
b. children live with their fathers
c. caregivers are unable to arrange visitation
d. transportation facilities to the prison are insufficient
Which of the following terms refers to gathering, transmitting, or losing information
related to the national defense in such a manner that the information becomes available
to enemies of the United States?
a. treason
b. inchoate
c. conspiracies
d. espionage
Which sentencing principle holds that the severity of sanctions should bear a direct
relationship to the seriousness of the crime committed?
a. equity
b. proportionality
c. social debt
d. deterrence
Many sexual aggressors in prison must continue to participate in gang rapes because
they ________.
a. are homosexuals
b. need sexual release
c. want to avoid becoming victims themselves
d. have a damaged masculinity
Approximately what percentage of federal cases are the result of guilty pleas?
a. 10%
b. 50%
c. 90%
d. 20%
Which of the following is NOT one of the three major levels of law enforcement?
a. federal
b. local
c. district
d. state
Who keeps order in the courtroom and announces the judge's entry to the courtroom?
a. the court recorder
b. the bailiff
c. the clerk of court
d. the court administrator
Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of contemporary sentencing?
a. incapacitation
b. mitigation
c. rehabilitation
d. restoration
For which of the following crimes would you find information in the National Crime
Victimization Survey?
a. kidnapping
b. murder
c. victimless
d. robbery
Which of the following is not one of the most frequent violations for which revocation
occurs?
a. armed robbery
b. failure to participate in a stipulated treatment program
c. alcohol or drug abuse while under supervision
d. failure to report to a probation or parole office
When a judge, prior to sentencing, reviews information on the background of a
convicted defendant, it is called ________.
a. a criminal history report
b. postconviction evidence
c. a presentence investigation
d. judicial choice
In California v. Carney (1985), the Court extended police authority to conduct
warrantless searches of vehicles to include ________.
a. bicycles
b. motor homes
c. motorcycles
d. airplanes
Dying declarations and spontaneous statements are considered exceptions to the
hearsay rule.
Working as a probation or parole officer is attractive because of the small caseloads and
several opportunities for career mobility.
Gun crime and debate about gun control was brought to a heightened discussion in
2012 because of several mass murders. Comment on the role of gun control and the
constitutional guarantees of the right to bear arms. Include analysis of the Newtown and
Aurora shootings and the effect they had on the communities and gun control.
A 2006 study found that African-American police executives had significant problems
being accepted by their peers.
The conflict model says that the interests of criminal justice agencies tend to make
actors within the system self-serving.
A juvenile is a youth at or below the upper age of juvenile court jurisdiction in a
particular state.
The juvenile court movement was based on five philosophical principles. List and
define three of those principles. Explain which of the principles is the most productive.
Violent offenders stand no chance of receiving a probationary term.
The Missouri Plan for judicial selection combines elements of both election and
appointment.
The adjudication period involves a variety of sentences that can be imposed on a
defendant.
List and define the five categories of criminal law violations. Give examples of each
category of law.
Most sexual aggressors in prison consider themselves homosexuals.
If a probationer does not claim a right against self-incrimination, any statements made
to a probation officer may be used as evidence.
It costs an average of $14 per day to incarcerate one inmate.
Comment on the history of victims' rights and the related attempts to encourage victims
to participate in the sentencing portion of the criminal case. Analyze the role the victim
plays in the criminal justice proceedings today. Explain the differences in the state
system as opposed to the federal system when it comes to victims' rights.
Espionage is the "gathering, transmitting, or losing" of information related to the
national defense in such a manner that the information becomes available to enemies of
the United States and may be used to their advantage.
A decentralized state police agency often operates with two agencies: a highway patrol
and a state bureau of investigation.
