In person-centered group therapy, the leader:
a. displays a sense of trust in the members.
b. uses techniques and exercises to motivate the group.
c. focuses on making interpretations.
d. sets goals for the group members.
e. facilitates the direction of group discussions.
Process and outcome studies on therapeutic effectiveness have been conducted
primarily by those who subscribe to:
a. postmodern therapy.
b. reality therapy.
c. behavior therapy.
d. person-centered therapy.
e. both (c) and (d)
Which of the following was not part of Stan’s work in existential therapy?
a. Challenging his feelings of loneliness.
b. Working on his inauthentic relationship with his siblings.
c. Confronting his responsibility for his drug and alcohol use.
d. Exploring Stan’s human potential.
Which of the following is not a technique generally used by feminist therapists?
a. gender-role analysis
b. gathering early recollections
c. bibliotherapy
d. taking social and political action
e. reframing a client’s concerns
Feminist therapy:
a. was the first approach to take into consideration the social and political milieu in
which people live as a cause of distress.
b. challenged the assumption that distress was due to individual pathology.
c. is based on the premise that lasting psychological change must address contextual
issues as well as individual issues.
d. is based on the principle of the “personal as political.”
e. all of the above
A basic premise of reality therapy is that:
a. behavior controls our perceptions.
b. behavior is a manifestation of unconscious dynamics.
c. behavior will not change until the client acquires insight.
d. behavior will become healthy after the client experiences catharsis.
e. both (c) and (d).
A headache might serve to keep a client sexually distant from her husband while also
providing a pretext for avoiding social contacts that might threaten her marriage. This is
an example of:
a. double bind.
b. multifaceted distinction.
c. overt and covert behavior.
d. secondary gain.
e. an outcome of a triangulation.
A solution-oriented therapist might ask her client, a compulsive shopper, which of the
following questions?
a. Who has the best shoe sale this week, Macy’s or Nordstrom’s?
b. If a miracle happened and your shopping compulsion was solved overnight, how
would you know it was solved, and what would be different?
c. Who in your family is most affected when you go on a spending spree?
d. At what point in your life did you develop this fixation on shopping?
Reality therapy has gained popularity with:
a. school counselors and administrators.
b. school teachers, both elementary and secondary.
c. rehabilitation workers.
d. all of the above
Which of the following feminist principles implies that what has been typically viewed
as individual clients’ personal problems are really socially and politically caused?
a. The person is political.
b. The counseling relationship is egalitarian.
c. Women’s ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honored.
d. A focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress.
e. All types of oppression are recognized.
Rational emotive behavior therapy does not contend that________.
a. people make themselves disturbed by the sentences they tell themselves.
b. traumatic events themselves cause problems such as depression and anxiety.
c. people must be willing to reindoctrinate themselves if they hope to change.
d. therapy is hard work and requires practice outside of the sessions.
e. therapy is a cognitive process.
A limitation of psychoanalysis is that:
a. few techniques are generated by this approach.
b. it minimizes the client’s ability to choose their outcomes.
c. there is not enough emphasis on action and doing as requisites for change.
d. it does not account for unconscious factors or for the effects of early learning.
e. both (b) and (c)
Cognitive restructuring plays an important role in whose approach to therapy?
a. Albert Ellis
b. Donald Meichenbaum
c. A. T. Beck
d. Judith Beck
e. all of these
All of the following are key concepts of this approach except for:
a. fictional finalism.
b. Gemeinschaftscefuhl.
c. striving for significance and superiority.
d. quality world.
e. social interest.
This approach begins with a comprehensive lifestyle assessment, and stresses the
family constellation.
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. existential therapy
c. Adlerian therapy
d. solution-focused therapy
e. narrative therapy
Which of the following statements is true with regard to the fit between the cognitive
behavioral approaches and multicultural counseling?
a. There is an “almost perfect fit” between cognitive behavior therapy and multicultural
counseling because these perspectives share common assumptions that make integration
possible.
b. The terms “cognitive behavior therapy” and “multicultural counseling” are used
interchangeably because they refer to the same approach.
c. Integration is not possible between the cognitive behavioral approach and
multicultural counseling.
d. Neither of the approaches taps into the inner resources and strengths of clients.
This model of therapy has strong empirical support for the effective treatment of
phobias.
a. behavior therapy
b. Gestalt therapy.
c. psychoanalytic therapy.
d. person-centered therapy.
e. family systems therapy.
A reality therapist would most likely respond to a client’s complaint of melancholy, sad
mood by saying:
a. “Sounds like you”re depressed.”
b. “Sounds like you have depression.”
c. “Sounds like you”re depressing.”
d. “Sounds like you”re depressive.”
Ruth makes it clear that she wants to work on her weight problem and her body image
in her therapy. A feminist therapist is likely to:
a. begin with developing a specific contract and behavioral plan aimed at helping her to
lose weight.
b. teach Ruth the value of dieting and exercises.
c. explore with Ruth the unconscious dynamics of why she has a weight problem.
d. explore societal standards that impose unrealistic views of body image and ideal
weight.
e. encourage Ruth to examine other issues that may be more pressing.
Which one of the following is not associated with the cognitive-behavioral
action-oriented therapies?
a. existential therapy
b. cognitive therapy
c. reality therapy
d. behavior therapy
e. rational emotive behavior therapy
Which method(s) is (are) often used in reality therapy?
a. behavior-oriented methods
b. the use of questioning
c. exploring a client’s quality world
d. designing an action plan
e. all of these
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) externalization and deconstruction, (b) figure-formation process, (c) narrative
conversations, (d) reauthoring one’s life, (e) collaborative partnership
In the 1960s and 1970s Rogers did a great deal to spearhead the development of:
a. organizational management seminars.
b. private colleges aimed at training person-centered therapists.
c. personal-growth groups and encounter groups.
d. the National Training Laboratories and T-groups.
e. registration and certification of person-centered counselors.
Carl Rogers’s position on confronting the client is that:
a. confrontation is to be avoided at all costs.
b. confrontation causes clients to stop growing.
c. confrontation reflects that the therapist has a need to be in control.
d. caring confrontations can be beneficial.
Person-centered expressive arts therapy is founded all of the following notions except:
a. releasing creative energy is based on the principle of regression.
b. the creative process is inherently healing.
c. engaging in expressive art forms connects us to our unconscious.
d. emotions are a source of energy.
e. personal growth is facilitated by self-awareness.
According to the DSM-IV-TR, the category that accounts for a client’s psychosocial and
environmental problems is:
a. Axis I
b. Axis II
c. Axis III
d. Axis IV
e. Axis V
Which of these solution-focused therapy techniques involves asking clients to describe
times in their lives when they were able to solve their problem or when their problem
was less severe?
a. pre-therapy change
b. the miracle question
c. exception questions
d. scaling
e. formula first session task
Stan has a tendency to relate external events to himself, even when there is no basis for
making these connections. He blamed himself for the incident in which a female
classmate did not show up for a lunch date. He agonized over this and convinced
himself that she would have been humiliated to be seen in his presence. This is an
example of which form of cognitive distortion?
a. arbitrary inferences
b. overgeneralization
c. personalization
d. labeling and mislabeling
Who is primarily credited with popularizing and extending Adler’s work by applying
Adlerian principles to group work?
a. Don Dinkmeyer
b. Erik Erikson
c. H. L. Ansbacher
d. Raymond Corsini
e. Rudolph Dreikurs
A limitation of reality therapy is that it:
a. consists of simple concepts that are easily grasped.
b. discounts the therapeutic value of dreams.
c. does not appeal to resistant clients.
d. has limited applicability.
e. goes along with the medical model of therapy.
According to Erickson, the basic struggle of early childhood involves:
a. autonomy vs. shame and doubt.
b. initiative vs. guilt.
c. identity vs. role confusion.
d. trust vs. mistrust.
e. intimacy vs. isolation.
According to Natalie Rogers, external conditions that nurture creativity include all of
the following except:
a. psychological safety.
b. psychological freedom.
c. simulating and challenging experiences.
d. negative reinforcement.
Operating from a social constructionist’s perspective, the therapist would likely take
what stand on making a diagnosis in Ruth’s case?
a. It is essential to develop a treatment plan.
b. It is useful to set the climate for therapy.
c. The therapist would collaborate with Ruth on assigning an appropriate diagnosis.
d. The therapist would develop a working diagnosis which would be firmed up by the
third session.
e. Both (a) and (b)
Congruence is a basic characteristic of effective therapists.
Existentialists claim that the use of specific techniques is the cornerstone of the
approach.
By discussing a client’s earliest recollections, an Adlerian counselor hopes to bring
unconscious conflicts to the surface.
Dialectical behavior therapy requires both individual and group treatment.
Ellis maintains that REBT is an eclectic form of therapy.
Freud postulated the theory of infantile sexuality.
Bibliotherapy is frequently used in feminist therapy.
Within the field of family therapy, Virginia Satir has been the most influential leader in
the development of both gender and cultural perspectives and frameworks in family
practice.
Existential therapists strive to be their authentic selves when working with clients.
Empowerment is a central tenet of feminist psychotherapy.
In Adler’s view we can be fully understood only in light of knowing the purposes and
goals toward which we are striving.
Free association is one of the basic tools used to gain access to the unconscious.
Donald Meichenbaum is a prominent contributor to the development of cognitive
behavior therapy.
Many of the most prominent structural family therapists have dedicated their efforts to
working predominantly with African American and Hispanic families.
Stress inoculation is a coping-skills approach designed to change a person’s
self-statements.
Existentially, humans both long for and wish to escape from their freedom.
Gestalt therapy is designed for individual counseling, and it typically does not work
well in groups.
Existential therapy can best be considered as a system of highly developed techniques
designed to foster authenticity.