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Children with dyslexia:
a. have fewer cells and connections in the hypocampus and are limited in their abilities
to specialize.
b. are incapable of higher order thinking but can compensate for language deficits.
c. can learn specific strategies that compensate for their disability by using other areas
of their brain.
d. are capable of integrating new information into their knowledge base, but they cannot
integrate past experiences.
Parents who use an authoritative parenting style are more likely than others to use what
approach to discipline consistently?
a. power assertion
b. withdrawal of love
c. corporal punishment
d. inductive discipline
Dr. Garrett is a current research scientist in the field of child development. If she agrees
with contemporary child development researchers, which view of the age-old nature vs.
nurture debate is she most likely to support?
a. Dr. Garrett likely supports the view that behaviors are determined 100% by biology
and 100% by environment.
b. Dr. Garrett likely supports the view that nurture is more important than nature in
understanding child development.
c. Dr. Garrett likely supports the view that nature is more important than nurture in
understanding child development.
d. Dr. Garrett likely supports the view that behaviors and natural processes of
development are determined by biology, not environment.
Franklin, who is two years old, repeatedly laughs as he pretends to throw the tennis ball
at his older brother. Franklin is demonstrating thought at which Piagetian stage of
cognitive development?
a. operational
b. sensorimotor
c. preoperational
d. symbolic function
Mr. Robles, who teaches kindergarten, expects his students to:
a. have an expressive vocabulary of at least 10,000 words.
b. have a receptive vocabulary of 30,000 words.
c. create 10-word sentences and be able to use all types of sentences.
d. have knowledge of rules of grammar and rules of conversation.
During early childhood, most children will develop gross motor skills in what order?
a. walk backwards, bounce and catch a ball, ride a bicycle, balance on one foot briefly
b. balance on one foot briefly, bounce and catch a ball, walk backwards, ride a bicycle.
c. walk backwards, balance on one foot briefly, bounce and catch a ball, ride a bicycle.
d. bounce and catch a ball, balance on one foot briefly, walk backwards, ride a bicycle.
Young geese will attach to the first nurturing figure they see after they are born. This
principle is known as ________________, which is considered to be a bonding
experience that has great adaptive value.
a. ethology
b. psychosocial crisis
c. imprinting
d. operant conditioning
The authors of our text differentiate four periods of development: beginnings, early
childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. These time period segments are
commonly used to organize discussions of child development because they tend to be
characterized by:
a. the age of the children.
b. the physical capabilities of children.
c. performance on age-appropriate school readiness tests.
d. particular patterns of limitations and growing capabilities.
Leticia chose to go to a birthing center for the birth of her first child because she
wanted:
a. a facility that prohibits caesarean births.
b. a birthing location with fewer restrictions for family members than a regular hospital.
c. a birthing location equipped to address possible complications of her high risk
pregnancy.
d. delivery by a female doula and no male presence except her baby's father.
How does Marcus demonstrate object permanence?
a. He looks for a ball that has been hidden under a pillow.
b. He cries for the ball when it is hidden from him.
c. He reaches for the ball when it is placed in front of him.
d. He tracks the ball with his eyes as his dad throws it to him.
Ryan is driving his father crazy by using the word "like" in every sentence. Sometimes
Ryan uses the word "like" even two or three times in the same sentence. In response to
his growing frustration, Ryan's father should:
a. realize that Ryan is using language in a way that connects to his peers.
b. instruct his son to stop using the word "like" so often and follow up with
consequences.
c. be concerned that his son may have a cognitive delay in language.
d. watch his son's overall behavior to make sure he is not using illicit drugs.
What developmental changes are relatively unaffected by environment?
a. Cognitive skill development
b. A child's identity
c. Growth and maturation
d. Emotional development
Mr. Rodriguez wants to know to what extent his students have anxiety about the
upcoming school music concert. He plans to poll his students and ask them three simple
questions about their levels of anxiety regarding performing in the music concert. He
places the three questions on a small sheet of paper and makes 15 copies. He stands
near the basketball court on the school playground. Any child who walks near Mr.
Rodriguez is asked to complete his three-item survey. Mr. Rodriguez is employing
which type of sampling procedure?
a. Stratified sampling
b. Random sampling
c. Convenience sampling
d. Cluster sampling
Researchers have found that the transition from middle school to high school is most
difficult for:
a. students who are accustomed to authoritarian teachers.
b. students from poor, inner city neighborhoods.
c. students who attend charter or private schools.
d. gifted students who now enter a more competitive academic environment.
Research in child development often examines variables such as social class and
socioeconomic status to make predictions about behaviors. Which of the following
children lives in a setting that most closely fits the norms for his or her social class and
socioeconomic status?
a. Dorinda is ten years old and lives in a working class neighborhood. Her family's
annual income is around $40,000. Her mother and father both have college degrees. Her
mother is a stay-at-home mom.
b. Aubrey is a single child living with his dad in a middle-class neighborhood. His
family's annual income is around $90,000. His dad didn't finish high school and works
three jobs.
c. Sunita is a teenager who lives in an upper class neighborhood with her mom and
stepdad. Her parents have professional jobs and her mom inherited family wealth.
d. DeMarcus is fourteen and lives with his mom and grandmother in a working class
neighborhood. His mom has a graduate degree and a professional job. The family's
annual income is $120,000.
Which young child is most likely at risk to develop iron deficiency anemia?
a. Darren eats red meat every day except Friday, when he eats fish.
b. Latisha is growing up in a vegetarian household and eats beans and fish, but no red
meats.
c. Bryan drinks five glasses of milk every day and eats a variety of meats and
vegetables.
d. Walker eats a lot of fish and chicken, nuts, and dark green vegetables.
Lori wants to use the computer wisely with her young children. She begins by searching
for studies about computer games for children. She is most likely to find that
researchers believe:
a. Computer usage by young children should involve practice drills with repetitive
activities..
b. Young children should work independently on computer activities to get a sense of
their own progress.
c. Computer games for young children should encourage exploration and problem
solving.
d. Computer usage by young children should promote multitasking and incorporate
multimedia stimulation with sound and graphics.
Darias has trouble focusing his attention on basic insturctions in his kindergarten class.
He struggles to organize tasks at school and inhibit his impulses to talk out of turn.
What aspect of information processing is underdeveloped?
a. executive function.
b. long-term memory.
c. abstraction.
d. overlapping wave of adaptive strategy.
Severe neglect may cause all of the following EXCEPT:
a. increase in head circumference.
b. developmental delays.
c. learning deficits.
d. low levels of brain activity.
When Dewain and some of the guys got together on Friday night after the football
game, several of them started talking about spray painting over the speed limit signs on
the highway. They wanted Dewain and his best friend to go along with them. They
treated Dewain and his friend like part of their group " offered them cigarettes and told
them to hop in the truck. This is an example of:
a. adolescent autonomy
b. deviancy training
c. morality induction
d. prosocial aggression
Vince has memorized the jingle "i before e except after c." However, he forgets to use
the rule when it is needed. Vince is demonstrating a:
a. production deficiency.
b. mnemonic device.
c. phonological loop.
d. visual sketchpad.
What do researchers think about adolescents spending a vast amount of time in
unstructured and/or unsupervised activities?
a. We should not be concerned. Unstructured and/or unsupervised activities are highly
beneficial in helping adolescents develop a sense of confidence.
b. We should be concerned. Antisocial behavior is more common among adolescents
who spend large amounts of time in unstructured and/or unsupervised activities.
c. We should not be concerned. Unstructured and/or unsupervised activities prompt
adolescents to develop their critical thinking and decision-making skills for life.
d. We should be concerned. Peer presssure develops among adolescents who spend
large amounts of time in unstructured and/or unsupervised activities.
Which one of the following examples illustrates qualitative change in development?
a. Maya learns a new memory strategy and memorizes the stages of development.
b. Riki reads every night and develops a large vocabulary for his age.
c. Bart practices and gradually improves his ability to throw a football.
d. Aza advances from Piaget's sensorimotor stage to the preoperational stage.
Miguel's vocabulary seems to explode in a very short time period. We can conclude that
Miguel is in which of the four major periods of development?
a. Toddlerhood
b. Middle Childhood
c. Early Childhood.
d. Adolescence
Which child or group of children is most likely to meet the recommended fitness
criteria set for ensuring healthy children and adolescents?
a. An urban child at age 11-12
b. A 9-year-old boy
c. A child from a low SES community
d. An 11-year-old girl
How do developmental scientists examine questions about what changes during a
child's development and how the changes occur?
a. Developmental scientists focus on biological factors and the physical changes that
occur during a child's development.
b. Developmental scientists target environmental factors and the social emotional
changes that occur during a child's development.
c. Developmental scientists consider biological and environmental factors in continuous
interaction.
d. Developmental scientists primarily consider environmental factors and their
interaction with societal structures.
Eric has a job as a waiter, and he spends about a quarter of his paycheck buying new
music. He keeps his music spending activities secretive from his mother. What advice
might we give to Eric's mother?
a. Eric will most likely develop into a trusting adult, but he is at risk for serious
problems. If he is secretive about his finances, he is most likely secretive about
behaviors that affect his well-being.
b. Eric is not demonstrating honesty and his mother should intervene and ask to see
paychecks and music expenditures.
c. Eric is actually sending a message to his mother that there is a lack of trust in their
relationship. Eric's mother should focus on how to rebuild the trust and encourage Eric
to share more about his spending habits.
d. Be concerned about Eric's disclosure of information related to activities that affect his
and others' safety and health, but accept Eric's need for privacy about his spending of
discretionary money he earned.
Tangie is hearing impaired and missed out on normal experiences of hearing sounds as
an infant. What type of brain growth or plasticity is affected?
a. Synaptic modification
b. Experience-dependent
c. Experience-expectant
d. Synaptic generation
Ms. Fernandez is a first year teacher who wants to maintain good classroom
management, but also wants her students to learn in a caring community Which of the
following might you include in your recommendations to her?
a. Keep your focus on teacher control.
b. Minimize student autonomy.
c. Develop positive relationships with students.
d. Begin by avoiding one-on-one interactions with students.
In the NICHD Early Child Care Research Network study, researchers examined the
impact of parenting on children's cognitive abilities, while taking into account the
family income, mother's intelligence, and other variables. In this study, the researchers
followed the same group of 700 children from age 6 months to first grade. This study
relied upon a _________________ research design.
a. case study
b. cross-sectional
c. experimental
d. longitudinal
