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When using the system of least prompts, the teacher starts with the discriminative
stimulus and then moves to the least restrictive prompt in her repertoire.
When replacing an inappropriate behavior with one that is appropriate, the new
behavior must serve the same function as the old.
The factor that differentiates between exclusionary and nonexclusionary time out
procedures is removal from the instructional setting to a separate room.
Anecdotal reports are written to provide as complete a description of a student's
behavior in a particular setting or during an instructional period
DRI reinforces a behavior that is inconsequential to the target behavior.
Functional assessment is a strategy of manipulating the student's environment and
observing the effect on his or her behavior.
Tokens are not appropriate for lower functioning students.
A ringing telephone is an example of an antecedent stimulus.
A complex behavior may be learned by reinforcing individual responses occurring in a
sequence. This instructional procedure is called antecedent prompting.
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory provides a strong cognitive explanation of behavior.
Using an AB design, a teacher can make a confident assumption of the existence of a
functional relation.
It is unethical to eliminate a behavior if an individual lacks an alternative behavior to
serve that behavior's function.
Differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO) requires that reinforcement be
delivered if the student does not perform the target behavior, no matter what else he
does.
"Good job, Max!" is an example of a consequent stimulus.
Applied Behavior Analysis is used to define the systematic methods employed for
behavior change taught in this course
In classrooms self punishment has been used for the administration of aversive stimuli.
The opposite of deprivation is satiation.
A statement of conditions lists antecedent stimuli, including instructions, materials, and
setting.
A "learned" reinforcer is also known as:
a. natural reinforcer
b. deprived reinforcer
c. aversive reinforcer
d. conditional reinforcer
Rate and/or frequency of a behavior may be determined through
a. Interval recording
b. Event recording
c. Latency recording
d. Time Sampling recording
The reinforcement delivery system that enables teachers to tailor the system based on
the unique
characteristics of students in a classroom is:
a. Independent group-oriented
b. Dependent group-oriented
c. Interdependent group-oriented
d. None of the above
_______________ refers to the magnitude and direction of the change in data from the
end of one phase to the beginning of the next phase.
a. Change in mean
b. Level of performance
c. Trend in performance
d. Percentage of overlap
Duration data may be reported as number of occurrences, number correct, or
percentage.
16
.
The abscissa is indicated by what letter?
a. E
b. C
c. D
d. A
A student acquires a sequence of behaviors, all of which must be done in order to gain
a reinforcer. He has learned:
a. a fading procedure
b. a backward chain
c. a behavioral chain
d. a forward chain
When a student is given a pleasant consequence to a behavior and it results in an
increase in the behavior's rate of occurrence, what behavioral principle is being used?
a. Negative Reinforcement
b. Positive Reinforcement
c. Punishment
d. Stimulus control
A punisher is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
a. decrease in the future rate or probability of occurrence of the behavior
b. administered contingently on the production of the inappropriate behavior
c. administered immediately following the inappropriate behavior
d. administered immediately following the appropriate behavior
When data are converted to the seconds/minutes/hours for which a behavior occurred,
the type of recording used to collect the data was:
a. latency recording
b. time sampling
c. interval recording
d. duration recording
For an explanation of behavior to be "verifiable" it must
a. account for a substantial quantity of behavior
b. provide reliable answers about what people are likely to do under certain
circumstances
c. provide the simplest explanation
d. be testable
Each day Sharon completes 30-minutes of working out at the gym, she places an "X"
for that day on her calendar. What self-management procedure is Sharon using?
a. Self-recording
b. Self- evaluation
c. Self-reinforcement
d. Self-instruction
Which is NOT considered an occasion in which IDEA requires the development of a
behavior support plan?
a. when a student causes disruption in school and community-based educational
environments
b. when a student's behavior is such that it may result in a suspension up to ten days
c. when a student's behavior is such that it may result in a change of educational
placement
d. when a pattern of behavior impedes the learning of the student or of another student
Mr. Henderson wanted to stop Elijah's hand flapping. He consulted with the IEP
committee and they decided to use hand weight to make the hand flapping more
difficult in order to reduce the behavior. The behavioral procedure employed is
_______.
a. DRI
b. sensory extinction
c. positive reinforcement
d. none of the above
David can currently read 12 sight words. The curriculum criterion states that he must be
able to read 50 sight words. His teacher plans to systematically introduce 4 new sight
words at a time as David masters each new set. David's teacher should employ a:
a. multiple baseline design
b. ABAB design
c. reversal design
d. none of the above
A hierarchy of levels of learning is helpful in writing objectives because:
a. they are written for cognitive, affective, and psychomotor areas
b. focus on a knowledge base
c. they suggest observable, measurable behaviors that may occur as the result of both
simple and complex learning
d. all of the above
Circumstances which temporarily alter the power of a reinforcer are known as
_________.
a. models
b. negative reinforcers
c. setting events
d. positive reinforcers
____________ data are reported as a number of items or a percent of items resulting
from behavior.
a. Rate
b. Duration
c. Latency
d. Permanent product
The following is an example of the system of least prompts.
a. Miss Simon waits three seconds before providing Luis physical guidance.
b. After Mr. Gibson asks Tia to hang up her coat, she verbally reminds her again.
c. Yesterday, Ms. Shafer provided hand-over-hand assistance to Jerome to tie his shoes.
Today, she is holding his wrists.
d. a & b only
A teacher giving a written test is using:
a. written data recording
b. interval recording
c. permanent product recording
d. anecdotal recording
Every time the teacher asks a question, an overly eager student raises and waves his
hands in front of her. In order to get him to stop this behavior, the teacher calls on him
for the answer. The probability of the student raising and waving his hands again is:
a. increased
b. decreased
c. not likely
d. a or b
Cedric, a student in Mr. Washington's class, was repeatedly out of his seat during
instructional time. Mr. Washington decided to reinforce Cedric when he was exhibiting
in-seat behavior. What behavioral concept was Mr. Washington employing?
a. differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
b. differential reinforcement of other behavior
c. negative reinforcement
d. positive reinforcement
__________ is a measurement of how long a student engages in a behavior.
a. Duration
b. Latency
c. Frequency
d. Locus
Ms. Tammy's self-contained class was working on a hygiene regiment, including
brushing teeth.Three of the five students required significant instructions for brushing
teeth. Ms. Tammy created a step-by-step breakdown of the procedures and decided to
start off providing physical guidance and gradually reduce the prompt level.
The step by step breakdown of brushing teeth is an example of:
a. task analysis
b. s-delta
c. setting event
d. permanent product
__________ refers to the researcher's efforts to ensure that changes in the dependent
variable are directly related to manipulations of the independent variable.
a. Baseline
b. Experimental control
c. Repeated measurement
d. None of the above
In an attempt to keep ahead with his paperwork, Mr. Martin goes ahead and writes
Frankie's IEP goals, objectives, and behavior management plan for the next year before
the IEP meeting. Which ethical rule is Mr. Martin ignoring?
a. The right to the most effective treatment procedures available
b. The right to services whose overriding goal is personal welfare
c. The right to treatment by a competent behavior analyst
d. The right to a therapeutic environment
Directly observable behaviors include:
a. to know, to walk, to identify in writing
b. to underline, to draw, to discriminate
c. to see, to put on, to connect
d. to remove, to count orally, to circle
The primary purpose of scatter plot assessment is to:
a. determine the cause of behaviors that occur in bursts
b. present data in an easily readable format
c. specifically identify potential controlling variables
d. identify time related patterns of behavior
Physical restraint is considered a(n) ___________.
a. conditioned aversive stimulus
b. unconditioned aversive stimulus
c. overcorrection
d. exclusion timeout
Mr. Hughes was stopped by the police for emptying his ashtray on roadway as he was
driving at 35 m.p.h. The judge sentenced Mr. Hughes to an entire weekend of picking
up trash on the side of the road. This is an example of:
a. A conditioned aversive stimulus
b. Positive-practice overcorrection
c. Restitutional overcorrection
d. Response-cost
A class of stimuli which result in physical pain or discomfort to the student is termed:
a. unconditioned aversive stimuli
b. conditioned aversive stimuli
c. controlled aversive stimuli
d. correctional aversive stimuli
Which of the following is NOT a reason for teaching students to self-manage?
a. Teachers may miss certain instances of behavior.
b. External change agents are not always available.
c. Teachers may inadvertently become an environmental cue for the performance or
lack of performance of a behavior.
d. Allows students to teach themselves thus providing teachers the time to work with
others.
A behavioral objective should be written such that its contents are:
a. observable
b. measurable
c. repeatable
d. all of the above
Which behavior may serve to gain a teacher's attention?
a. reading quietly
b. banging a pencil
c. taking notes
d. all of the above
The experimental design that would be most appropriate for systematically increasing
the number of workbook pages completed by a student is:
a. alternating treatments design
b. changing criterion design
c. AB design
d. changing conditions design
Which of the following is NOT considered to be an observational recording system?
a. Anecdotal recording
b. Event recording
c. Duration recording
d. Latency recording
List three qualifications research must have in order to be considered Applied Behavior
Analysis.
Give a brief explanation of the rationale involved in providing generalization training.
Who should provide it?
Compare and contrast duration and latency data collection methods. Provide an
example using both systems of data collection include an example of a data sheet with
key components.
Describe the use of scatter plot assessment in determining the function of behaviors.
List and explain four of the problems associated with extinction.
Discuss how a teacher might incorporate video and audio recording to teach
self-management skills.
Pose a question for which you would select an alternating treatments design to
determine the answer.
Meichenbaum has detailed a five-step procedure for self instruction. List the five steps
in this procedure.
The Premack Principle states that any activity a student voluntarily performs frequently
may be used as a reinforcer for any activity he seldom performs voluntarily.
Describe how task analyses are used for teaching complex behavior chains.
List the three ways in which event recording can be converted for reporting and
graphing and explain how each conversion is used.
You are a veteran teacher who has been assigned to mentor a first year teacher at your
school. The teacher has novel ideas concern the set up the classroom. Explain to her the
importance of classroom structure in establishing and maintaining stimulus control.
Discuss the importance of physical arrangement, time structure, and verbal structure.
Briefly discuss the importance of adequate training for persons who implement applied
behavior analysis procedures.
Define and differentiate between positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and
punishment. Give an example of each.
Discuss the benefits of graphing data when communicating with other teachers, parents
and students.
Describe the importance of operationally defining the target behavior. Write an
operational definition for off-task behavior.
Discuss the reasons a functional analysis would be conducted after completing a
functional assessment.
Discuss some of the advantages and limitations to the changing conditions design.
The choice of a model is important in that certain characteristics may increase the
model's effectiveness. Name these characteristics.
