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Manuel recently moved to Iowa and observed that most of the farmers in the state grow
corn. When he learned that the Smith family has a farm, he presumed they were corn
farmers. What kind of reasoning was Manuel using?
a. inductive reasoning
b. deductive reasoning
c. hypothetical reasoning
d. metacognitive reasoning
Individuals born between the early 1980s to 2003 are often called:
a. "baby boomers."
b. "techies."
c. "Generation Y."
d. "Generation X."
What is the most important thing to keep in mind when considering results from
correlational research?
a. Correlation does not mean causation.
b. Correlations below 1.0 are meaningless and are not recognized as valid results.
c. Negative correlations are not valid.
d. If a correlation is above the value of 1.0, then we have evidence that one factor
caused the other.
Maria gradually improves her reading abilities from first through fourth grade. Maria's
reading improvement is an example of what developmental process?
a. Discontinuous
b. Continuous
c. Maturation
d. Quantitative
The most important aspect of the end of the germinal period in pregnancy is that:
a. the human cells have begun to differentiate and assume specialized roles.
b. the self-sustaining placenta has formed, obtaining nutrients and eliminating waste
products.
c. the vascular system is established and begins to force blood to circulate.
d. the neural tube, precursor to the heart and spinal cord, forms.
During middle childhood, children are able to use their reasoning skills and understand
that if nothing is added or subtracted from a quantity, the quantity is unchanged. What
is this called?
a. compensation
b. classification transitivity
c. identity
d. reversibility
What level of abstract thinking is a child most likely to understand around the age of
six?
a. He understands that the moon is closer to earth than the sun, and the moon is
thousands of miles away.
b. She understands that she is the youngest person in her family and the oldest in her
preschool class.
c. He understands that he is taller than his little brother and will eventually catch up in
age with his older brother.
d. She understands that a bouncing ball stops bouncing because gravity pulls it to the
earth.
Which pair of same-age children represents the typical gender differences in gross
motor skills during early childhood?
a. At age five, Sheila can balance on one foot longer than Carl.
b. At age six, Ivan can do jumping jacks better than Katie.
c. At age four, Dorinda can jump higher than Steven.
d. At age six, DeWayne and Sue perform gross motor skills at the same level.
Which of the following statements is an accurate representation of Erik Erikson's ideas?
a. An individual cannot progress to a later stage unless the earlier stage has been
resolved successfully and completely.
b. Accomplishments at later stages are independent of crises at earlier stages, and the
emergence of self is the key to development at each stage.
c. Successful resolution of a crisis at any stage depends upon having more positive than
negative experiences in the psychosocial area of major concern.
d. At each stage of development, children must resolve the conflict of the stage by
choosing the extreme position that brings about confidence and autonomy.
Carson's peer group is made up of children his age who:
a. share interests and values.
b. live close together as neighbors.
c. consider each other best friends.
d. play soccer in the same league.
Daniel is now a teenager. During his childhood, he has traveled extensively with his
parents, but dreads every flight and fears terrorist attacks. This is most likely the
influence of:
a. Social policy
b. Social class
c. Historical context
d. Ethnic and racial context
Females typicallly have more dense nerve connections in areas of the brain associated
with
a. linguistic processing
b. spatial reasoning
c. all cognitive processes
d. mathematical reasoning
At age four, Darren knows whether or not his behaviors meet his mom's approval. He
tiptoed into the kitchen and ate cookies without permission and now feels that he is bad.
This is evidence of:
a. an objective view of the me-self.
b. high self-esteem.
c. self-evaluation.
d. autobiographical personal narrative.
We can have confidence in the results of studies published in journals because:
a. Research articles published in professional journals have gone through a peer-review
process.
b. Articles published in a journal are typically more focused than articles published via
the internet.
c. Only quantitative scientifically-based research is published in journal articles.
d. Authors who publish journal articles must first be approved by the editorial board
prior to submitting their manuscript for review.
When Ms. Sharp asked Chet what comes to mind when she says "Christmas," he
answered, "holiday." What type of organization was he using?
a. paradigmatic associations
b. syntagmatic associations
c. word order associations
d. associations based on syntax
Teachers can implement new types of learning experiences " promote higher cognitive
processes " for children in the middle years. By age 9 most children can:
a. overcome negative effects of stressors such as lack of sleep.
b. remember and reflect upon what they have learned.
c. use their language skills to compensate for memory limitations.
d. increase executive functions by decreasing lateralization.
Makya, who is ten years old, is determined to build a model spaceship out of plastic
materials. She is demonstrating what Erik Erikson refers to as __________, or the
desire for mastery.
a. self-esteem
b. self-determination
c. industry
d. autonomy
Ms. Lozano is a typical fifth grade teacher in a typical elementary school in the US.
What is she most likely to do about PE for her students?
a. Recognize the imoprtance of PE and allocate the recommended 30 minutes per day
for PE activities.
b. Allow students to vote and determine how often they will engage in PE activities.
c. Increase the amount of PE time, allocating 40 minutes per day to help children meet
the recommended 60 minutes of activity per day.
d. Reduce the amount of time allocated for PE in order to meet academic criteria.
A child who constantly twirls the corner of her favorite blanket is demonstrating:
a. a temperament style of being easily distracted.
b. a self-regulating behavior that soothes her emotions.
c. a temporary lack of self-regulation.
d. early signs that she will struggle with emotional development.
Daniel is a young adolescent with HIV. It was transmitted to him by his mother at birth.
What is his best chance for delaying the progression of the disease from HIV to AIDS?
a. Social support and factual information about the disease
b. Abstinence from heterosexual and homosexual behavior
c. Lifetime regimen of antiretroviral therapy
d. Regular treatments of nonoxynol-9
Which of the following practices best supports language development in babies?
a. Siblings are talking to each other in the presence of the baby.
b. Parents are using baby talk to invite conversation with the baby.
c. Caregivers are talking about the babies as they play in the same room.
d. The baby is watching children's TV programming.
If your child claims he or she was bullied by a peer, what should you do?
a. Ignore the claim unless you see the bullying behavior yourself.
b. Avoid overreacting. Young children often engage in relational aggression.
c. Act upon the child's perception and take it seriously. Discuss your concerns with
other adults.
d. Teach your child how to react to bullying and stop it with aggression.
Carla gave birth to her baby girl at the end of gestation week 37. Her baby is considered
a:
a. moderate pre-term infant.
b. late pre-term infant.
c. full-term infant.
d. post-term infant.
In the world, what is the cause of more than half of the deaths of children during the
early childhood years?
a. More than half of the deaths during early childhood are associated with obesity.
b. More than half of the deaths during early childhood are associated with
malnourishment.
c. More than half of the deaths during early childhood are associated with diabetes.
d. More than half of the deaths during early childhood are associated with exposure to
environmental hazards.
Based on statistics, which of the following students is most likely to drop out of high
school?
a. a hispanic student living in Maine
b. an African American living in Nevada
c. an American Indian living in North Dakota
d. an African American living in Texas
Which one of the following aspects of life is most likely influenced more by parents
than by peers of an adolescent?
a. How much time is spent using technology
b. Clothing style
c. Career choice
d. Hair style
Reflexes are inborn, involuntary movements in response to stimulation. They are an
infant's most obvious and organized pattern of behavior. Haley's infant has the
following normal reflexes. Which one is a permanent reflex?
a. Eyeblink and pupillary reflex
b. Grasping reflex
c. Sucking and swallowing reflex
d. Moro (startle reflex)
What aspect of brain development contributes to adolescents' risk-taking,
reward-seeking behaviors?
a. rapid development of the limbic system
b. rapid development of the prefrontal cortex
c. increased size of the corpus callosum
d. continued myelination of axons in the frontal lobe
Carlos is in the fourth grade and does not have a computer or Internet access at home.
Based on studies, will this likely affect his academic achievement?
a. Yes, studies show that home Internet access and the use of simulations and
enrichment programs are associated with the greatest improvements in academic
achievement.
b. No, studies show that home Internet access is associated with social competence, not
with academic achievement.
c. Yes, studies show that home Internet access is associated with math/science
achievement and higher achievement in reading.
d. No, studies show that home Internet access is associated with high levels of
distractibility and lower academic achievement.
Which of the following teachers seems to practice benevolent sexism?
a. Mr. Sanchez spends more time helping the boys then the girls in his calculus class.
b. Mr. Arnold has lower expectations of the girls than the boys in his physics class.
c. Mr. Randell provides more feedback to the smartest girls in his algebra class.
d. Mr. Munro grades the girls and boys on the same curve in his science classes.
A couple already has five sons and they would very much like to have a little girl in
their family. What information would a doctor most likely give to this couple who
would like to determine the sex of their next child?
a. Hormone therapy prior to conception is the most effective method.
b. Ovulation detectors and special douches are effective in 96% of cases on record.
c. Current medical interventions often cause birth defects.
d. Medical interventions can sort sperm into X- or Y-bearing groups
