A reinforcer that has been associated with a variety of behaviors or with access to a
variety of other reinforcers is known as an activity reinforcer.
At Bloom’s learning level of analysis, the student should demonstrate the ability to
bring parts together resulting in a different, original, or creative whole.
A chocolate candy bar and being assigned additional homework may both serve as
punishers to a particular behavior for a student if it decreases a behavior.
Consent that ensures voluntary participation in behavior change programs must be both
voluntary and considered socially valid.
Providing oneself with verbal prompts is called self instruction.
Behavioral objectives improve communication among professionals.
The behavior to be changed is the dependent variable.
Recording occurrences of discrete behaviors is known as whole-interval recording.
It is unethical for teachers to arbitrarily decide what to teach students to do or stop
doing.
Applied Behavior Analysis refers only to procedures derived from the experimental
analysis of human behavior.
Gestalt psychology’s emphasizes humans imposing structure on their environment and
seeing relationships rather than individual objects or events as separate entities.
With the changing criterion design, a functional relation is demonstrated if the
individual’s performance level occasionally matches the continually changing criterion
for performance.
Direct observation strategies to gather information by taking data on the behavior while
the student is engaged in it is also known as informant assessment.
Maintenance is the ability to perform a response over time without reteaching.
A traffic ticket for speeding is an example of an independent variable.
Joe will write in cursive handwriting, 20 fourth grade spelling words from dictation by
the resource teacher, with no more than two errors for 3 consecutive weeks.
The treatment or intervention procedure that will be used to change a behavior is the
dependent variable.
Negative reinforcement is the removal of a desired stimulus to decrease behavior.
An analysis of a problem behavior’s function is necessary for the selection of the most
effective treatment procedures.
When extinction is used, its effects will frequently generalize to settings in which
procedures are not in effect.
On a cumulative graph, data points are plotted at the appropriate intersections without
regard to performance during the previous session.
The physical arrangement of the classroom should clearly delineate work and play
areas.
A multiple baseline design has two phases.
An example of a punishment procedure which removes desirable stimuli is response
cost.
One way of using visual inspection for evaluating single subject designs is by looking
at the means of the data phases.
Under the play condition of behavior, instances of inappropriate behavior is minimal or
nonexistent for a student.
Duration recording is primarily concerned with how long it takes a student to begin
performing a behavior once its performance has been requested.
Generalized reinforcers may be exchangeable for something of value.
Self-punishment is more effective that self-reinforcement.
While modeling a self instruction strategy, the teacher should sometimes purposefully
make an error in her approach to solving a problem.
Latency recording is used when the teacher is concerned with the length of time a
student engages in a particular behavior.
The ordinate scale shows how frequently data were collected during the period
represented on the graph.
A teacher and a paraprofessional observed a student in class using a new computer
program simulation. Using 20 second intervals they recorded the data which appears
below. These data are in sufficient agreement for a
behavior change program to begin.
(T) X X X O X X O O X O
(P) X O X O X O O O X X
When using time delay, delays are usually only a few minutes.
By making prompts used as “weak” as possible, the teacher has:
a. increased the power of S deltas present
b. increased the amount of time a prompt will be needed
c. guarded against delay of development of stimulus control
d. done nothing to affect the instructional program
The process of systematically manipulating antecedents and consequences to determine
their effect on occasioning and maintaining the target behavior is _____.
a. setting events
b. enhanced functioning
c. functional analysis
d. intervention
The primary reason to behave ethically is to:
a. act within the law
b. act consistently with what one believes is right
c. act in a professional manner
d. all of the above
Forms of applied behavior analysis include:
a. hypnosis
b. drug therapy
c. electroconvlusive shock therapy
d. none of the above
When drawing a graph, the axes is drawn in a ratio of:
a. 1:3
b. 1:1
c. 2:4
d. 2:3
Mr. Mason is working with Jacy to increase the number of pizza boxes she folds during
her first thirty minutes at the pizza shop during her vocational instruction. She currently
folds an average of 15 boxes during a 30-minute period. Mr. Mason would like to
increase this number to 100. What would be the most appropriate research design to
use?
a. Changing Criterion Design
b. Multiple Baseline Design
c. Alternating Treatment Design
d. Changing Conditions Design
_________ refers to any number of factors involved in research.
a. Condition
b. Intervention
c. Variable
d. Functional relationship
Miss Curry decides to decrease Rico’s use of inappropriate language by requiring him to
lose a behavior point for every inappropriate word he uses each day. Once
implemented, she again gathers data on the number of times he uses inappropriate
language in her class. This data condition is known as:
a. Intervention
b. Baseline
c. Event recording
d. Performance
While both self reinforcement and self punishment strategies have been successfully
used, self reinforcement may be preferred because:
a. reinforcement is only for increasing behaviors
b. reinforcement is an easier concept for children to understand
c. punishment may concentrate children’s’ awareness on their failure and may
maximize fear of failure
d. all of the above
The laws of behavior operate:
a. only for the mentally handicapped
b. for students with mental ages between 2″7 years
c. for all but gifted students
d. for all of us
Components of a chain are acquired in sequential order. This is known as:
a. Backward chaining
b. Forward chaining
c. Total task presentation
d. Behavioral chaining
Aversive or exclusionary procedures may create problems in ALL BUT ONE of the
following ways:
a. their misuse is common and often defined by the users as behavior modification
b. their use is always appropriate when administered by professionals
c. their use causes more concern than other behavioral procedures
d. all of the above
When using a planned ignoring procedure, the teacher should:
a. reinforce other students’ appropriate behaviors
b. comment on the inappropriate behavior
c. place a dunce cap on the student’s head
d. none of the above
In learning applied behavior analysis procedures, good supervision includes:
a. training and observation
b. training and evaluation
c. training and implementation
d. both a and b
In order for a practice to be considered ‘socially valid” it must:
a. meet the acceptability requirements of its consumers
b. meet the social acceptability requirements of the environment
c. use techniques considered ethical by professionals
d. all of the above
Ana consistently increases the number of baskets she makes each game. If the number
of baskets she made over the last seven games were plotted on a graph, a _____ trend
would be evident.
a. Descending
b. Variable
c. Ascending
d. None of the above
To establish effective instructional practices the following should be present:
a. clear lesson plans
b. brisk instruction
c. engaging teacher characteristics
d. all of the above
Which of the following terms is NOT associated with positive reinforcement?
a. Increases
b. Presentation
c. Decreases
d. Contingent
A procedure which uses a reinforcement strategy to reduce a behavior is:
a. overcorrection
b. response cost
c. time out
d. DRA
Which of the following is considered a form of an aversive stimulus?
a. overcorrection
b. time-out ribbon
c. response cost
d. noncontingent reinforcement
Which of the following would NOT be considered a communicative function of
inappropriate behavior?
a. Lying in the floor instead of sitting in the desk
b. Refusing to answer when called upon
c. Painting finger nails during English class
d. Feeling angry as the result of a request
Students frequently engage in inappropriate behaviors when
a. their schedule is interrupted
b. they lack the ability to communicate effectively
c. they are disciplined
d. they are internally stimulated
_____________ refers to repeated practice after an objective has been initially
accomplished.
a. Response Prompting
b. Fluency
c. Overlearning
d. Distributed practice
_______________ are phases of an intervention during which different approaches or
techniques are used.
a. Conditions
b. Intervals
c. Sessions
d. Time Samples
Theorists who explain human behavior based on physical influences employ which of
the following explanations?
a. cognitive
b. biophysical
c. cognitive
d. behavioral
Which is NOT a way in which students may be involved in contingency management?
a. Choosing reinforcers
b. Determining the cost of reinforcers in relation to behavior
c. Choose behaviors to be modified
d. Evaluating peer behaviors
Which of the following is attributed with the Stage Theory of Development?
a. Jean Piaget
b. Sigman Freud
c. Ivan Pavlov
d. B. F. Skinner
____________ is the ability to perform a behavior under conditions different from those
in place during acquisition.
a. Generalization
b. Fluency
c. Overlearning
d. Distributed Practice
Students may be trained to be reinforced by generalization as a response class. This
is described as:
a. programming common stimuli
b. general case programming
c. training to generalize
d. training sufficient exemplars
When structuring classroom time which of the following is appropriate:
a. picture schedule
b. use of timer
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
What are the basic rules for the use of reinforcers in contracting?
Briefly explain the differences between stimulus generalization, response maintenance,
and response generalization.
Discuss why a teacher might use anecdotal reporting.
Select a behavioral chain and create a task analysis. Select an instructional procedure to
teach the chain with a written sequence for using the procedure. Provide a rationale for
the instructional procedure selected.
Why are experimental designs important in applied behavior analysis?
Define and discuss response-cost procedures. What are the problems associated with
this procedure?
Jeff, a high school student who experiences a motor disability, is frequently
unorganized with is work and is always late for class, even when provided extra time
and support when changing classes. Discuss how a teacher might use self-management
techniques to teach Jeff better organizational skills and increasing his punctuality.
List the four arrangement considerations for the physical arrangement of the classroom.
A student engages in several inappropriate and destructive behaviors. Discuss the
procedures a teacher might initiate to identify the functions of these behaviors.
List and explain three rights of individuals who are recipients of behavioral change
programs as proposed by the American Association for Behavior Analysis.
Describe the purpose of baseline measures.
Discuss some advantages and disadvantages to using negative reinforcement.
Explain and give examples of the three-tier model of the Positive Behavioral Supports
program.
Define and give an example of modeling.
.
Your principal has asked you to develop a list of school rules for your school. Discuss
considerations one must take into account when developing rules and create a list of
school wide rules based on those considerations.
You are the supervisor to the special education teachers in your school district. Most of
your teachers either do not collect data or do so inaccurately. Describe how you would
prepare your teachers to regularly collect accurate data on the students they serve.
Discuss the rationale you would provide to teachers.
Using visual analysis analyze the data for the following two graphs (a and b). Identify
the design used and discuss the effectiveness of the intervention using visual analysis
for graphs A and B. Has a functional relation been established in each graph? Why or
why not?
Graphs A Graph B
Derek Diana
Robert
Riley
Mr. Garwood is going to collect data on Joe’s off task behavior through time sampling.
He has operationally defined off task as instances of talking to neighbors, doodling, and
being out of seat without permission. Mr. Garwood has decided to observe from 10:00
to 10:50 (math period), and will divide the period into five minute intervals. Construct
an appropriate coded data sheet for this observation.