A person who is suffering from feelings of alienation and isolation has probably failed
to achieve a sense of ___________ during the ___________stage of development.
a. identity; adolescence
b. trust; infancy
c. generativity; middle age
d. intimacy; young adulthood
e. integrity; later life
Because ego and consciousness are not the same, the slogan for psychoanalysis has
shifted from “making the unconscious conscious” to
a. “making the ego conscious.”
b. “where there was id, let there be ego.”
c. “get rid of the id kid!”
d. “may the force be within you.”
e. ‘stop blaming your mother!”
Being alone is a process by which we do all of the following except:
a. learn to tolerate feelings of isolation.
b. develop strength and self-reliance.
c. develop a deep understanding of ourselves.
d. reject the social overtures of others.
Michael believes that he will be able to improve his public speaking skills after
completing a speech course at school. Based on social-cognitive theory, one might
observe that Michael is not lacking in:
a. arrogance and grandiosity.
b. intelligence.
c. self-efficacy.
d. cognitive functioning.
Which of the following aspects of a client’s use of language would a Gestalt therapist
not focus on?
a. “it” talk
b. “you” talk
c. questions
d. language that denies power
e. semantics
The correct components of the A-B-C theory of personality are:
a. antecedent, behavior, consequences.
b. activating events, behaviors, cognitions.
c. antecedent, belief, cognitions.
d. activating event, belief, consequence.
The ego defense mechanism in which a person exhibits behavior that clearly shows
signs of reverting to less mature stages is ________?
a. fixation
b. rationalization
c. regression
d. introjection
e. reaction formation
Which of the following statements is not true about guidelines for ethical practice in
counseling and psychotherapy?
a. Most professional organizations provide broad guidelines.
b. Therapists ultimately have to discover their own guidelines for reasonable practice.
c. Practitioners are free to formulate any ethics they choose.
d. Ethical issues should be periodically reexamined throughout your professional life.
e. There are differences of opinion among practitioners about how ethical guidelines
apply to certain situations.
Which of the following is not a behavioral technique?
a. coaching
b. acceptance
c. analysis of transference
d. stress-management training
e. systematic desensitization
Which of the following is true about the relationship between a client and a rational
emotive behavior therapist?
a. Therapists make value judgments in helping their clients gain insight.
b. It is characterized by full acceptance and tolerance.
c. Personal warmth is considered to be very important.
d. The therapist assumes a nondirective stance.
e. Transference is encouraged to develop.
The person-centered philosophy views diagnosis as:
a. a useful tool for case conceptualization.
b. a meaningful way of understanding of a client’s psychological state.
c. a labeling process that diminishes the therapist’s ability to develop a holistic
understanding of the client.
d. a necessary process that does not impact the course of therapy.
Which of the following techniques is not used in Adlerian family counseling?
a. the initial interview
b. paradoxical interventions
c. analyzing resistances between members of the family
d. making an appraisal
e. all are used
During an initial session, an adolescent girl tells you that she is pregnant and is
considering an abortion. Which of the following would be the most ethical and
professional course for you to follow?
a. Encourage her to get the abortion as soon as possible, without exploring any other
option.
b. Steer her toward having her baby and then consider adoption for her baby.
c. Suggest that she go to church and pray about her situation.
d. Help her to clarify the range of her choices in light of her own values.
People experience feelings of anxiety and despair due largely to their irrational
thinking.
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. behavior therapy
c. cognitive-behavior therapy
d. reality therapy
e. family systems therapy
The cognitive distortion of making conclusions without supporting and relevant
evidence is:
a. labeling and mislabeling.
b. overgeneralization.
c. arbitrary inferences.
d. selective abstraction.
e. personalization.
A limitation of Adlerian therapy is that:
a. it does not deal adequately with intrapersonal factors.
b. it does not take into account family patterns.
c. it underemphasizes social factors in personality.
d. it has not been extensively subjected to research.
An authentic counselor is best described as:
a. having the highest regard for all clients.
b. being willing to be totally open and self-disclosing.
c. being a technical expert who is committed to objectivity.
d. being willing to shed stereotyped roles and being a real person.
Solution-focused brief therapy has parallels with______________, which concentrates
on what is right and what is working for people rather than dwelling on deficits,
weaknesses, and problems.
a. brief psychodynamic therapy
b. positive psychology
c. Adlerian therapy
d. REBT
Postmodern thought has contributed to family therapy by:
a. minimizing the role of assessment.
b. promoting the therapist’s view of clients as the experts on their own lives.
c. developing an individual therapy application of the family systems approach.
d. introducing the concept of triangulation.
e. promoting the therapist’s role as being directive.
In object-relations theory, later relationships build upon:
a. the child’s search for approval from the father.
b. one’s birth order.
c. one’s striving to overcome felt inferiority.
d. the child’s search for a reconnection with the mother.
e. the quality of relationships with one’s siblings.
Gestalt therapy is a form of:
a. Freudian psychoanalytic therapy.
b. neo-Freudian analytic therapy.
c. behavior therapy.
d. existential therapy.
All of the following concepts are a part of existential therapy with Ruth except for
a. reconstruction of the self
b. being in the world
c. total behavior
d. existential anxiety
e. finding new values
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) search for self-awareness, (b) awareness of death, (c) bad faith, (d) striving for
superiority, (e) authenticity
Freud used the term libido in which of the following ways?
a. To refer to the death instincts
b. to refer to the energy of all the life instincts
c. To refer to sexual abuse
d. To account for the aggressive drive
Adler used the term or phrase _______________ to account for our striving toward
superiority or perfection.
a. perfectionism
b. guiding self-ideal
c. narcissism
d. neurotic striving
e. the Napoleon Syndrome
A limitation of the person-centered approach is that:
a. it discounts the value of the therapeutic relationship.
b. it focuses too much on the past.
c. it requires a lengthy period of time.
d. some practitioners give support to their clients without challenging them.
e. it lacks support from research.
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) behavior modification, (b) mistaken goals, (c) private logic, (d) early recollections,
(e) family constellation
All are true of solution-focused brief therapists except that they:
a. have little interest in a client exploring past problems.
b. focus on the client’s early childhood experiences.
c. believe that the cause of a problem is not necessarily related to its solution.
d. expect that two clients may have different solutions to the same problem.
Dr. Jones told Emily that her efforts to overcome her fear of test taking at school will
most likely lead her to outperform all of her classmates one day. This intervention:
a. was appropriate because it was intended to bolster Emily’s self-esteem and academic
self-concept.
b. was inappropriate because Dr. Jones was confusing Adler’s notion of superiority with
the idea that her client would become superior over others.
c. was not only unethical, it was illegal.
d. was inappropriate because Emily will never be able to outperform her classmates.
Reality therapists contend that “neurotic” and “psychotic” behavior is:
a. the result of a chemical imbalance.
b. strictly the result of living in irresponsible ways.
c. the product of irrational thinking.
d. the result of severe stress and not being understood.
e. behavior we choose as a way of attempting to control our world.
Which of the following therapies emphasizes that a person’s belief system is the cause
of emotional problems?
a. solution-focused brief therapy
b. existential therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. acceptance and commitment therapy
e. rational emotive behavior therapy
This approach places emphasis on triangulation in close relationships.
a. feminist therapy
b. family systems therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. narrative therapy
e. solution-focused brief therapy.
From a multicultural perspective, some clients may reject this approach because:
a. it is founded on abstract, westernized notions that are not widely applicable.
b. their life circumstances provide them with truly limited choices.
c. death anxiety is not a central issue in all cultures.
d. the use of techniques may be overwhelming for them.
Since humor shows the absurdity of certain ideas that clients steadfastly maintain, it is
always inappropriate to use in sessions as it might be perceived as offensive.
Gestalt group therapists use experiments to encourage clients to move from talking
about action to taking action.
Carl Rogers’s approach is based on the assumptions that humans are trustworthy and
that clients desire to grow.
Practitioners must have had the same experiences as their clients in order to have
empathy for them.
The cornerstone of Bowen’s theory is differentiation of self.
Satir’s human validation model focuses on functional versus dysfunctional
communication in families.
The ethics codes mandate avoidance of all dual or multiple relationships.
The skill of immediacy involves revealing what we are thinking or feeling in the here
and now with the client.
Carl Whitaker’s style focuses on his own spontaneous reactions and craziness as a way
to tap material that a family keeps secret.
Bibliotherapeutic approaches have empirical support for the treatment of depression, for
a variety of anxiety disorders, and for a range of clinical problems.
The linguistic approach stresses the expert role of the therapist in suggesting solutions
to a family’s problems.
At the present time there is a unified feminist theory.
The psychoanalytic approach provides practitioners with a framework for
understanding the origins and functions of symptoms.
Minuchin’s structural therapy is based on the notion that an individual’s symptoms are
best understood from the vantage point of interactional patterns within a family, and
that structural changes must occur in a family before an individual’s symptoms can be
resolved.
Family systems therapy can be used when working with individual clients.
In social constructionism, the therapist assumes the role of expert, rather than adopting
a
collaborative or consultative stance.
Students of the person-centered approach sometimes have difficulty letting clients truly
find their own way and make decisions in an unassisted fashion.