Which of the following would a Gestalt therapist be least likely to bring into a
counseling session with Ruth?
a. exploring polarities within Ruth.
b. encouraging Ruth to create a dialogue in therapy as a way to work through
unfinished business.
c. asking Ruth to “become a conflict” rather than talk about the conflict.
d. asking Ruth to pay attention to what she is experiencing in her body.
e. asking Ruth to engage in free-association.
The main function of the rational emotive behavior therapist is to:
a. become an “existential partner” with the client.
b. create a climate of safety and freedom from threat.
c. challenge clients to reevaluate their ideas and philosophy of life.
d. encourage the client to experience fully the here-and-now.
e. help the client relive past emotional traumas.
Which of the following is not true regarding behavior therapy?
a. The client must be an active participant.
b. The client is merely passive while the therapist uses techniques.
c. Therapy cannot be imposed on unwilling clients.
d. Both therapist and client need to work together for common goals.
The first step in existential therapy is:
a. to conduct a thorough life history.
b. to establish a therapeutic alliance whereby the therapist can understand the client’s
world.
c. to ask the client to identify wants, needs, and perceptions.
d. to examine past traumas from childhood.
e. to assess for cognitive distortions.
Which of the following therapies is most recommended for the treatment of phobic
disorders?
a. behavior therapy
b. narrative therapy
c. existential therapy
d. rational emotive behavior therapy
e. solution-focused brief therapy
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) holism, (b) field theory, (c) figure-formation process, (d) social constructionism, (e)
organismic self-regulation
All of the following are reasons many feminist therapists do not use diagnostic labels,
or use them reluctantly, except that:
a. diagnostic labels reinforce gender role stereotypes.
b. diagnostic labels reflect the inappropriate application of power in the therapeutic
relationship.
c. diagnostic labels focus on the social factors that cause dysfunctional behavior.
d. diagnostic labels encourage adjustment to the norms of the status quo.
What fundamental interest is a critical distinction between analytic therapy and other
approaches?
a. the individual client’s thinking
b. an interest in the client’s childhood and family experiences
c. the “whys” of an individual client’s experience and behavior
d. how the client’s behavior is helping or preventing them from getting what they want
Which of the following REBT techniques helps a client gradually learn to deal with
anxiety and challenge basic irrational thinking?
a. biofeedback
b. cognitive homework
c. dream analysis
d. skill training
e. assertiveness training
The client has a tendency toward becoming fully functioning and moves toward
openness, trust in self, spontaneity, and inner directedness.
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. cognitive-behavior therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. family systems therapy
e. person-centered therapy
Skinner’s view of shaping behavior is based on the principle of:
a. classical conditioning.
b. operant conditioning.
c. reciprocal inhibition.
d. acceptance.
A feature of REBT that distinguishes it from other cognitive-behavioral therapies is:
a. its use of the A-B-C theory in analyzing the client.
b. its use of behavioral techniques.
c. its applicability to group work.
d. its systematic exposition of irrational beliefs that result in emotional and behavioral
disturbance.
The “fundamental rule” for the client in psychoanalysis is:
a. forming a contract with the therapist.
b. willingness to do “homework assignments.”
c. participating in free association.
d. writing down dreams.
Reality therapists are likely to deal with all of the following except for:
a. what a client is currently doing.
b. what clients are thinking and feeling, when this relates to what they are doing.
c. a client’s relationships with significant others.
d. assisting clients in developing an action plan geared for change.
e. asking clients to recall, report, and share dreams.
At the first session, the social constructionist therapist would primarily be interested in:
a. establishing a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis.
b. explaining to Ruth the theoretical orientation and techniques to be used.
c. what Ruth wants for her future.
d. Ruth’s background pertaining to the development of the problem.
e. giving Ruth a battery of psychological tests.
A statement that best illustrates “bad faith” is:
a. Naturally I”m this way, because I grew up in an alcoholic family.
b. I will not consider others in the choices I make.
c. I must live by commitments I make.
d. I am responsible for the choices that I make.
What would be the most accurate way of describing mindfulness-based stress reduction
(MBSR) to a friend or colleague?
a. MBSR consists of the notion that much of our distress and suffering results from
continually wanting things to be different from how they actually are.
b. MBSR aims to assist people in learning how to live more fully in the present rather
than ruminating about the past or being overly concerned about the future.
c. MBSR does not actively teach cognitive modification techniques, nor does it label
certain cognitions as “dysfunctional,” because this is not consistent with the
nonjudgmental attitude one strives to cultivate in mindfulness practice.
d. The approach adopted in the MBSR program is to develop the capacity for sustained
directed attention through formal meditation practice.
e. All of these.
Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of behavior therapy?
a. Treatment goals are specific and concrete.
b. It is grounded in learning theory.
c. Many specific techniques are supported by research.
d. The therapist is manipulative and controlling.
e. Emphasis is given to observing overt behaviors.
Which of the following is not true about Carl Rogers?
a. He was raised with strict religious standards in his home.
b. He developed cognitive therapy.
c. At one point in his life, he was preparing to enter the ministry.
d. He made a contribution toward achieving world peace.
e. He was a pioneer in humanistic approaches to counseling.
What is the most important factor related to progress in person-centered therapy?
a. defining concrete and measurable goals
b. the therapist’s technical skills
c. the relationship between the client and therapist
d. the therapist’s ability to think logically and to scientifically solve problems
e. the client’s motivation for change
In this approach, the person’s quality world is explored.
a. Gestalt therapy
b. behavior therapy
c. reality therapy
d. psychoanalytic therapy
e. person-centered therapy
During the second wave of behavior therapy, therapists:
a. continued to emphasize empirically supported treatments.
b. increased their focus on the role of emotion in behavior change.
c. adopted a stronger biological perspective.
d. applied behavior therapy principles to prevention of disease and illness.
e. all of these
REBT includes which therapeutic technique(s) in counseling Ruth?
a. cognitive techniques
b. emotive techniques
c. behavioral techniques
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) total behavior, (b) choice theory, (c) existential-phenomenological orientation, (d)
family systems therapy, (e) reality therapy
Stan’s reality therapist would do all of the following except:
a. explore Stan’s quality world.
b. ask him to engage in the process of self-evaluation of his behavior.
c. use the WDEP system.
d. use the A-B-C Model.
e. help him to develop a plan.
Which of the following is something the solution-focused therapist tends to avoid in
working with Ruth?
a. There is a focus on looking for exceptions to the problems that Ruth brings up for
discussion.
b. Much of the therapeutic endeavor is devoted to talking about Ruth’s symptoms and
promoting insight on her part so that she can make changes.
c. The emphasis is on Ruth’s strengths, assets, accomplishments, abilities,
competencies, skills, and successes.
d. An attempt is made to keep the conversation non-pathological.
e. Ruth is helped to view her problems as something external to herself and to her life.
Which of the following statements about the psychodynamic approaches isnot true?
a. Practitioners can learn to think psychoanalytically even if they do not practice
psychoanalytically.
b. The goal of brief psychodynamic therapy is to cure clients.
c. Brief dynamic therapy focuses more on the here and now of the client’s life than on
the there and then of childhood experiences.
d. Contemporary psychoanalytic practice emphasizes the origins and transformations of
the self.
e. Psychodynamic therapy is aimed at promoting integration and ego development.
What is the correct sequence of the psychosexual stages?
a. anal/phallic/latency/genital/oral
b. oral/anal/phallic/latency/genital
c. oral/anal/latency/genital/phallic
d. latency/oral/anal/phallic/genital
e. latency/anal/oral/phallic/genital
Which of the following approaches to therapy most attempts to provide a
growth-promoting climate that is conducive to a client’s self-exploration?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. Gestalt therapy
c. reality therapy
d. family therapy
e. person-centered therapy
According to traditional psychoanalytic therapy, the therapist:
a. must establish an authentic encounter with the client.
b. should display genuineness and warmth.
c. remains anonymous.
d. is a teacher.
e. refuses to give up on the client.
Narrative therapists do which of the following?
a. help clients construct a preferred story line.
b. uncover repressed feelings.
c. dispute irrational beliefs.
d. use the WDEP system to explore choices.
e. conduct a power analysis.
Which of these statements is not true about lesbian feminism?
a. In recent years, lesbian feminism has been enriched through interaction with queer
theory.
b. Some individuals identify “lesbian feminism” with 1970s and 1980s movements.
c. Lesbian feminists share commonalities with many aspects of radical feminism.
d. Queer theory and lesbian theory are identical.
Adler maintained that individuals attempt to overcome feelings of basic inferiority by
developing a lifestyle in which success is possible.
Martin Buber stressed the importance of presence, which allows for the creation of
I/Thou relationships in therapy.
It is optional for therapists to inform their clients that they may discuss certain details of
the relationship with a supervisor or a colleague.
Since Gestalt therapists believe that questions have a tendency to keep the questioner
hidden, safe, and unknown, they often ask clients to change their questions into
statements.
Gestalt therapies view a client’s avoidance behavior as related to unfinished business.
According to REBT, what is rational corresponds to a description of subjective reality.
Carl Rogers is often called the “father of psychotherapy research.”
Modeling methods have been used in treating people with snake phobias and in
teaching new behaviors to socially disturbed children.
This approach puts emphasis on the therapist as a person and the quality of the
client/therapist
relationship as one of the prime factors in determining the outcomes of therapy.
Regarding group work, members provide one another with feedback regarding their
choices and plans.
Solution-oriented therapy differs from both strategic and traditional models by
eschewing the past in favor of focusing on the future.
Analytically oriented therapists typically interpret free associations, dreams, resistances,
and transferences.
Multimodal therapy encourages its practitioners to fit their procedures to the needs of
the client by borrowing techniques from many other approaches.
Modeling is a form of systematic desensitization.
Adler stressed that our desire to strive for perfection is learned from our parents.