Due to the rising US health costs, the increasing number of ____________ offenders
may become a major problem for corrections within the next decade.
a. sex
b. HIV/AIDS-infected
c. elderly
d. situational
Jail practices in the United States descend directly from feudal practices in
twelfth-century Ireland.
a. True
b. False
Excluding fines, the most frequently applied form of criminal sanction
is_____________.
a. probation
b. parole
c. community service
d. incarceration
Probation officers traditionally perform two basic functions: ___________ and
supervision.
a. protection
b. investigation
c. surveillance
d. monitoring
The _____________ is responsible for individuals charged with and convicted of
federal crimes.
a. US Secret Service
b. Office of the Inspector General
c. Bureau of Prisons
d. Federal Bureau of Investigation
Foretelling the future in corrections is not easy.
a. True
b. False
__________________ refers to a type of jail confinement in which the accused is
locked up in order to protect the community from the potential crimes the accused may
commit if released before trial.
a. Shock probation
b. Preventive detention
c. Controlled internment
d. Defensive confinement
_____________________ support line personnel. They usually work under the deputy
warden for management, handling accounting, training, purchasing, etc.
a. Professional staff
b. Union officers
c. Prison consultants
d. Staff personnel
A large number of inmates (over 30 percent) are currently housed in ________ jails;
facilities that often hold 2,000 or more prisoners and are operated under a joint
agreement between two or more government units.
a. federal
b. regional
c. state
d. county
In the United States, only juries are responsible for sentencing offenders whom they
have found guilty of a crime.
a. True
b. False
A judicial order asking correctional officials to produce the prisoner and to give reasons
to justify continued confinement is called a writ of_______________.
a. actus reus
b. habeas corpus
c. corpus delicti
d. lex talionis
Prison gangs are also referred to as
a. security threat groups.
b. trouble making groups.
c. violent groups.
d. organized inmate groups.
In terms of the different types of management strategies, flexible and adaptive
managerial approaches are most effective at maintaining low levels of prison disorder.
a. True
b. False
The average delay between and arrest and sentencing is
a. about one week.
b. about two months.
c. more than six months.
d. at least one year.
________________ is a management principle holding that a subordinate should report
to only one supervisor.
a. Unity of command
b. Span of control
c. Chain of command
d. Hierarchical command
In many jurisdictions, probation officers are legally classified as ________ officers,
with the power to arrest.
a. police
b. judicial
c. courtroom
d. peace
The emergence of corrections as a profession has had two important consequences for
corrections; the field is smarter and performance meets a higher standard.
a. True
b. False
Transgender offenders enter prison with a disproportionate amount of
a. substance abuse problems.
b. mental health issues.
c. past physical and sexual victimization.
d. all of these choices.
Jail sentences are typically reserved for those who have committed misdemeanors and
minor felonies and usually do not exceed _________.
a. one1 month
b. six6 weeks
c. three3 months
d. one1 year
Up until the 1960s, the US federal court system practiced a ___________ policy with
respect to corrections; ultimately giving more power and discretion back to individual
state correctional systems.
a. maternal-like
b. don”t ask, don”t tell
c. get-tough
d. hands-off
If Adam doesn’t complete chemical health programming, the judge could
a. revoke his probation.
b. order someone else to attend programming for him.
c. require the probation officer to attend the program for Adam.
d. require the treatment program to counsel Adam at his home.
Intermediate sanctions have two general goals, first, to provide more effective
alternatives to probation and second, to serve as
a. a tougher way of handling offenders.
b. a deterrent for future criminal behavior.
c. a way to eliminate biases in the system.
d. a less costly alternative to prison.
What is true about David’s incarceration?
a. He maxed out.
b. He opted out.
c. He escaped.
d. He was granted a pardon.
_______________ is one of the most important external dynamics affecting the
correctional system.
a. Techno-corrections
b. Diminishing crime rates
c. Professionalization
d. Evidence-based practice
What type of supervision was Anna on while in the community?
a. parole
b. probation
c. pretrial
d. pardon
What is Inmate Ness requesting when she demands a third party become involved?
a. mediation
b. evidence hearing
c. legal counsel
d. a jury trial
Long-term prisoners are charged with disciplinary infractions ______________
frequently than short-term inmates.
a. slightly less
b. slightly more
c. far less
d. far more
Many of the ideas, practices, and principles that are the foundation of the American
criminal justice system were adopted from what country?
a. France
b. Spain
c. England
d. Ireland
When preparing the PSI report for the judge, the probation officer is engaging in which
major function of his/her job?
a. supervision
b. monitoring
c. surveillance
d. investigation
When Mark meets with his clients, he is making a(n) ______________ with them?
a. case plan
b. agenda
c. violation report
d. presentence report
According to your authors, the field of corrections will continue to worsen without
_________________.
a. tougher punishments
b. more administration
c. new prisons
d. effective leadership
What does inmate Davis allege is being violated by his not being allowed to have the
same number of books he had in another facility?
a. Fourteenth Amendment
b. Eighth Amendment
c. right to education
d. right to personal freedom
The ________ has become to corrections what the FBI is to law enforcement: a strong
force for professional standards, policy and procedural improvement, and general
development of the field.
a. American Probation and Parole Association
b. Corrections Corporation of America
c. American Correctional Association
d. National Institute of Corrections
Which of the following events was instrumental in the move towards the
community-corrections movement in the United States?
a. the inmate riot that occurred in September 1971 at the Attica State Prison in New
York
b. research findings in the 1980s that indicated that only 5 percent of state correctional
budgets were allocated for rehabilitation
c. research findings in the 1950s that disputed the use of medicine and science to treat
offenders’ behavior
d. the advancements in the field of social work that had been achieved by the 1960s
________________ is the term used to define the primary punishment alternative to
incarceration employed in contemporary society.
To be an effective deterrent, punishment must be perceived as fast, certain, and
__________.
The typical “_________” prison of the 1940s and 1950s was a walled prison with large
tiered cell blocks, a yard, a shop, and industries.
Cognitive skill building focuses on changing the __________ patterns that accompany
criminal behavior.
A thirty- to ninety-day sentence is typical for a _____________ level of offense.
The ________________, a division of the Federal Bureau of Prisons, is a national
clearinghouse of information about correctional practices.
In Bentham’s view, criminals were somewhat _______________ or unbalanced, lacking
the self-discipline to control their passions by reason.
In prison, men tend to segregate themselves by _______________.
Define the phrase “exchange relationships.” How are these relationships used in
corrections? Finally, list and explain the three major assumptions that are necessary for
accommodative relationships between inmates and correctional officers to exist.
Answer:N/A
The idea that prison disorder results from unstable, divided, or otherwise weak
management is known as the _____________________ theory.
Please identify the five constitutional amendments that can be used to protect prisoner
rights. Next, give examples of how each of these amendments has been applied to
prisoner issues.
Answer:N/A
____________ is a system of supervision of those who have been released from
confinement, sometimes including the option of early release from confinement before
the expiration of their sentence.
In about one percent of cases, jurisdiction is ____________ to adult court.
A GPS tracking system is an example of an _____________ electronic monitoring
system.
A convicted offender who is imprisoned for a fixed period of time has been given a
__________ sentence.
Probation supervision begins once an offender is ______________.
Identify the three major trends or shifts in the working environment of corrections.
Discuss the evolution of the role of the correctional professional, focusing on these
trends or shifts. What is the significance of these shifts?
Answer:N/A
________________ activity among men is one way that HIV is transmitted in prison
populations.
Custodial officers act like __________ with regard to most prison rules.