Raelyn, age 15, just became a mom. Which of the following statements is true for
Raelyn?
A) She is more likely than her agemates without children to marry in the future.
B) There is a 95 percent likelihood that she will graduate from high school.
C) She is more likely than her agemates without children to divorce in the future.
D) She is more likely than an adult mother to have realistic expectations of her infant.
Ethnographies reveal that immigrant parents view __________ as the surest way to
improve life chances.
A) high socioeconomic status
B) education
C) speaking English in the home
D) severing ties with an ethnic community
An investigator interested in sexual practices among high school students asked them to
post their answers on a Facebook group page. Which of the following research rights
was violated?
A) informed consent
B) protection from harm
C) beneficial treatments
D) privacy
Which of the following statements is true regarding adolescent job commitments?
A) The responsibility required for after-school jobs often translates into a student taking
greater responsibility for household chores and schoolwork.
B) Students who have part-time jobs are more likely to finish high school and attend
college.
C) The more hours students work, the poorer their school attendance, the lower their
grades, and the more likely they are to drop out.
D) The more hours students work, the greater their school attendance, the higher their
grades, and the less likely they are to drop out.
Pete participates in soccer and is beginning to master fundamental reading and math
skills. Pete is probably in which period of human development?
A) adolescence
B) middle childhood
C) early childhood
D) infancy and toddlerhood
One important criticism of Piaget’s theory is that
A) he overestimated the competencies of infants and young children.
B) his stagewise account pays insufficient attention to social and cultural influences.
C) he overemphasized discovery learning and direct contact with the environment.
D) children’s performance on Piagetian tasks cannot be improved with training.
Individuals who know that genetic problems exist in their families are good candidates
for __________ before deciding to conceive.
A) gene therapy
B) chorionic villus sampling
C) genetic counseling
D) amniocentesis
According to Eleanor and James Gibson’s __________ theory, infants actively search
for invariant features of the environment.
A) amodal perception
B) dynamic systems
C) differentiation
D) intermodal perception
According to research on scripts, both children and adults have difficulty recalling
specific instances of __________ events.
A) one-time
B) repeated
C) distinctive
D) unfamiliar
American teenagers spend considerably more of their free time with peers than do
Asian adolescents. What cultural factor accounts for this difference?
A) American parents’ encouragement of extracurricular activities
B) less demanding academic standards in the United States
C) the different roles of peer interaction in industrialized versus nonindustrialized
nations
D) greater access to activities and organizations designed specifically for teenagers in
the United States
Mrs. Hung believes that her daughter Yuri is very competent at math. Mrs. Hopper
believes that her daughter Shayla lacks competence at math. Which of the following
statements about Yuri and Shayla is probably true?
A) Neither Yuri nor Shayla will perceive herself as competent at math.
B) Shayla will work harder than Yuri to improve her math performance.
C) Yuri is more likely than Shayla to choose a physical science career.
D) Shayla is more likely than Yuri to choose a physical science career.
A great strength of the information-processing approach is its commitment to
A) fieldwork.
B) structured observations.
C) rigorous research methods.
D) clinical interviews.
Siegler’s model of strategy applies a(n) __________ perspective to children’s cognition.
A) Piagetian
B) evolutionary
C) psychoanalytic
D) behaviorist
Over time, the relationship between parenting and children’s attributes becomes
increasingly
A) authoritarian as children require greater oversight and strict parental monitoring.
B) distant as children become more autonomous and parents spend less time providing
direct care.
C) bidirectional as each participant modifies the actions of the other.
D) intense as each participant has to renegotiate the parent”child relationship at each
stage of development.
Baby Rosalita, born to English-speaking parents, is able to differentiate between the
soft “p” and sharp “p” phonemes used to distinguish meaning in the Thai language. Her
parents perceive both sounds as identical. Rosalita’s parents are exhibiting
A) categorical speech perception.
B) semantic bootstrapping.
C) referential communication.
D) overregularization.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the consequences of abstract
thought?
A) Sense of personal uniqueness eliminates sensitivity to criticism.
B) Sense of omnipotence is moderately associated with depression and suicidal
thinking.
C) The imaginary audience discourages independence from parents.
D) The imaginary audience helps teenagers maintain important relationships.
In order for Adrian to be able to behave in a self-controlled fashion, he must
A) be taught how to sit still and be quiet, particularly in structured settings.
B) have some ability to think of himself as a separate, autonomous being who can direct
his own actions.
C) be able to obey simple requests and commands.
D) learn how to distinguish and coordinate moral imperatives.
Adolescent contraceptive use
A) has decreased in recent years.
B) is more common among teens who report poor relationships with parents.
C) is more common among U.S. teens than among teenagers in other industrialized
nations.
D) is more common among teens who talk openly about sex with their parents.
Which of the following is an example of a dominant characteristic?
A) red hair
B) nearsightedness
C) curly hair
D) Type O blood
When the range of environments to which twins are exposed is restricted, heritability
estimates
A) fail to take into account that twins reared apart often live in disadvantaged adoptive
and foster families.
B) underestimate the role of environment and overestimate the role of heredity.
C) overestimate the role of environment and underestimate the role of heredity.
D) grant an equal role to heredity and environment. .
An expectant mother who ensures that her meat is well-cooked and has other family
members change her cat’s litter box is trying to avoid
A) toxoplasmosis.
B) cytomegalovirus.
C) herpes simplex 2.
D) AIDS.
Which of the following statements is true about the Attachment Q-Sort?
A) It taps only a small number of attachment-related behaviors.
B) Results cannot be used to determine real-life interventions for insecure children.
C) It taps a wider array of attachment-related behaviors than the Strange Situation.
D) It is efficient because the nonparent informant spends just a few minutes observing
the child.
__________ refers to an adult-guided but adolescent-conducted small-group approach
aimed at creating a prosocial climate.
A) Moral self-relevance
B) Positive peer culture
C) Multisystemic therapy
D) Community justice
Atim displays learned helplessness. His teacher addresses this by giving him tasks in
which he experiences failure, followed by feedback such as, “You can do this if you try
harder.” Atim is
A) receiving attribution retraining.
B) experiencing identity confusion.
C) likely to resent the teacher’s efforts to make him work harder.
D) learning the importance of attributing success to external factors.
Rapid eye movements during sleep
A) are a sign of central nervous system damage.
B) help protect the health of the eye.
C) are associated with a dreamless sleep.
D) cause the vitreous to remain motionless.
Studies of pubertal timing show that
A) early-maturing girls are more satisfied with their body image than their
late-maturing agemates.
B) the negative body image of early-maturing boys worsens throughout adolescence.
C) early-maturing boys tend to be overly talkative and attention seeking.
D) early-maturing adolescents of both sexes seek out older companions.
Research shows that more parents today are divorcing because they are
A) moderately (rather than extremely) dissatisfied with the relationship.
B) extremely (rather than moderately) dissatisfied with the relationship.
C) frustrated with their child-rearing responsibilities.
D) overwhelmed with family”work conflict.
Valencia’s neighbor, Anna, is a single parent who works two jobs to make ends meet.
Valencia often stops by Anna’s house, listening to her concerns. Valencia is providing
A) direct assistance with child rearing.
B) social support that leads to parental self-worth.
C) access to valuable information and services for Anna.
D) a crutch for Anna, which will compromise her child-rearing skills.
One advantage that teachers in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan have over their Western
counterparts is that they
A) are usually bilingual or trilingual.
B) work with students who start school with much higher skills.
C) are paid higher teacher salaries.
D) vary more in their training.
Baby Quinn’s attention to a song on an iPod decreased after her mother played it several
times. When her mother played a different song, Quinn’s attention increased. This is an
example of
A) recovery.
B) classical conditioning.
C) habituation.
D) operant conditioning.
While the ovum is traveling, the __________ secrete(s) hormones that prepare the
lining of the uterus to receive a fertilized ovum.
A) fallopian tubes
B) corpus luteum
C) cervix
D) blastocyst
Sasha’s parents bring up controversial issues at home and encourage her to form
opinions. Her school fosters a democratic climate in which teachers promote discussion
of controversial issues while insisting that students listen to and respect one another.
This environment will
A) enhance Sasha’s sense of civic responsibility.
B) decrease Sasha’s sense of civic responsibility.
C) cause Sasha to become self-absorbed and materialistic.
D) inhibit Sasha’s ability to develop sympathy or empathy.