In working with a client, a solution-focused therapist would be least likely to use which
of the following techniques?
a. co-create new solutions with the client
b. explore problems transmitted from generation to generation
c. miracle questions
d. exception questions
e. scaling questions
The most important variable related to therapeutic progress is:
a. the therapist’s skills.
b. the client/therapist relationship.
c. objective assessment and diagnosis.
d. the client’s willingness to participate in exercises.
Which statement most closely reflects the philosophy of feminist therapy?
a. Feminist therapy depicts an accurate assessment of the psychosexual stages of
development.
b. Androcentricism, gendercentricism, and ethnocentricism are important bias-free
concepts of feminist therapy.
c. Constructs of feminist therapy include being gender-fair, flexible, interactionist, and
life-span oriented.
d. Feminist therapy encourages the use of the DSM to assess psychopathology.
Humans are shaped and determined by their environment, and behavior is learned via
conditioning.
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. existential therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. person-centered therapy
e. none of the above
Ellis contends that we develop emotional and behavioral problems because:
a. we are not successful in finding projects that give us meaning in life.
b. we live by the values that our parents taught us.
c. we are unable to cope with unfinished business from childhood years.
d. we hold irrational expectations for ourselves and others.
e. others reject us when we are struggling to be real.
This approach to psychotherapy stresses choice theory.
a. REBT
b. reality therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. solution-focused therapy
e. Gestalt therapy
The process of holding extreme beliefs on the basis of a single incident and applying
them inappropriately to dissimilar events or settings is known as:
a. labeling and mislabeling.
b. overgeneralization.
c. arbitrary inferences.
d. selective abstraction.
e. personalization.
All of the following are true as they apply to self-instructional therapy, except that:
a. it was developed by Meichenbaum.
b. it is a form of cognitive restructuring.
c. it is an outgrowth of an approach used widely by crisis intervention workers called
self-induced change therapy.
d. it is also known as cognitive behavior modification.
The techniques of externalization and developing unique events are associated
primarily with:
a. solution-oriented therapy.
b. the linguistic approach.
c. the narrative approach.
d. the reflecting team.
e. crisis intervention.
Behavior therapy is associated with all but one of the following:
a. empirically supported treatments.
b. functional analysis of behavior.
c. a philosophical view of human behavior.
d. a comprehensive assessment process.
e. operant conditioning.
A contribution of the psychoanalytic approach is:
a. the focus on the human-to-human encounter.
b. a comprehensive and detailed system of personality.
c. a reliance on the scientific method to assess therapeutic outcomes.
d. that it can be practiced by a wide range of professionals.
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) assessment, (b) preparation, (c) imaginal flooding, (d) cognitive restructuring, (e)
shame-attacking exercises.
The narrative therapist will likely listen respectfully to Ruth’s story, examine with her
the problem influences in a systematic way, and will assist Ruth in moving away from
the harmful effects of the problem. This intervention is best known as:
a. making use of scaling questions.
b. mapping the effects of the problem story.
c. documenting the evidence.
d. conducting a functional assessment.
e. formulating a tentative diagnosis.
Which theoretical perspective is active, directive and didactic, assisting clients in
making plans to change specific behaviors that they determine are not working for
them?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. reality therapy
c. existential therapy
d. person-centered therapy
e. Adlerian therapy
What do reality therapists believe about the use of questions?
a. They should rarely be used.
b. Relevant questions help clients gain insights and arrive at plans and solutions.
c. There is no such thing as excessive questioning; the more the better!
d. Closed questions are more helpful than open-ended questions.
Confidentiality must be breached and information must be reported by practitioners
when:
a. clients pose a danger to others.
b. a child under the age of 16 is the victim of incest, rape, or child abuse.
c. an older adult is being abused.
d. the therapist determines that the client needs immediate, involuntary hospitalization.
e. all of these
The cognitive distortion that consists of forming conclusions based on an isolated detail
of an event is:
a. labeling and mislabeling.
b. overgeneralization.
c. arbitrary inferences.
d. selective abstraction.
e. personalization.
In working with culturally diverse clients, it helps to understand and assess:
a. what these clients expect from counseling.
b. the degree of acculturation that has taken place.
b. the attitudes these clients have about seeking counseling for their personal problems.
c. the messages they received from their culture about asking for professional help.
e. all of these
A comprehensive approach to counseling:
a. goes beyond focusing on our internal dynamics and addresses those environmental
and systemic realities that influence us.
b. focuses almost exclusively on the client’s internal dynamics.
c. focuses primarily on the therapist’s internal reactions to the client’s behavior.
d. focuses only on systemic factors.
From a multicultural perspective, classical analysis may:
a. discourage clients who do not hold upper-middle-class values.
b. be problematic for clients from cultures that prefer a directive approach.
c. underscore the role of important cultural and political factors in the client’s world.
d. all of the above
The customer-type relationship is associated with:
a. Adlerian therapy.
b. existential therapy.
c. solution-focused brief therapy.
d. family systems therapy.
e. dialectical behavior therapy.
Which of the statements below regarding Motivational Interviewing is not accurate?
a. MI was initially designed as a brief intervention for problem drinking.
b. MI stresses client self-responsibility and promotes an invitational style for working
cooperatively with clients to generate alternative solutions to behavioral problems.
c. MI was developed by Maslow in the late 70s after he created his theory on
self-actualization.
d. MI therapists avoid arguing with clients and avoid assuming a confrontational stance.
Which is not true of the relationship between therapist and client in behavior therapy?
a. The therapist is solely responsible for setting treatment goals.
b. The relationship is considered collaborative.
c. Therapist and client work together in a warm and flexible manner.
d. The therapeutic relationship is an important factor in treatment outcomes.
Roger and his wife are experiencing tension in their relationship because he believes
she is far too lenient with their children when they misbehave. This forces him to play
the role of “bad cop” as a parent, which makes him angry. A family therapist working
with Roger and his family might:
a. help to modify the family’s transactional rules and develop more appropriate
boundaries.
b. refer Roger to individual therapy since he clearly needs to work through his
unresolved issues that are causing him to feel so angry.
c. take Roger’s side and educate his wife about appropriate disciplinary practices.
d. focus on getting the children to stop misbehaving so that Roger and his wife won”t
experience this tension.
Which of the following is not considered essential knowledge for a culturally
competent counselor?
a. knowing how to analyze transference reactions
b. understanding the impact of oppression and racist concepts
c. being aware of culture-specific methods of helping
d. being aware of institutional barriers that prevent minorities from making full use of
counseling services in the community
A mother and her adult child have formed a close-knit relationship in which neither one
can discriminate their own unique beliefs from those of the other. This is an example of:
a. triangulation.
b. enmeshment.
c. displacement.
d. individuation.
e. differentiation.
In the text, the main reason given for having counseling students receive some form of
psychotherapy is to help them:
a. work through early childhood trauma.
b. learn to deal with countertransference.
c. recognize and resolve their co-dependent tendencies.
d. become self-actualized individuals.
In reality therapy, the purpose of developing an action plan is:
a. to encourage clients to stretch beyond their limits.
b. to teach clients to “think big.”
c. to arrange for successful experience.
d. to arrive at the ultimate solution to a client’s problem.
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) systematic desensitization, (b) cognitive restructuring, (c) acceptance and
commitment therapy, (e) assertion training, (e) empty chair technique.
Which of the following is not a function of the reality therapist?
a. focusing on areas in the client’s life that need improvement so that he or she can
achieve a
‘success identity”
b. setting limits in the therapeutic setting
c. getting clients to be specific about how they will make desired changes
d. confronting clients by not accepting their excuses
e. helping clients reformulate their plans, if necessary
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) documenting the evidence, (b) re-authoring alternative stories, (c) flooding, (d)
narrative letter writing, (e) mapping the influence of the problem
This is an application of existential therapy to family systems.
a. symbolic-experiential family therapy
b. multigenerational family therapy
c. structural-strategic family therapy
d. human validation process model
e. Adlerian family therapy
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) cognitive restructuring, (b) cognitive therapy, (c) coping skills programs, (d)
stress-inoculation training, (e) total behavior
The feminist therapy approach to group work calls for:
a. creating a supportive environment for women to discuss women’s issues.
b. creating a place to explore political action.
c. creating an empowering community for those who have traditionally been denied
political power.
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
Although Perls used a highly confrontational approach in dealing with client avoidance
and resistance, the confrontational model is not representative of contemporary Gestalt
therapy.
Analytic therapists view transference as a factor that results from ineffective
intervention on the therapist’s part.
The existential vacuum represents a place of reflection and solace.
An experiential approach is Gestalt therapy, which offers a range of experiments to help
clients gain awareness of what they are experiencing in the here and now.
The person-centered approach places emphasis on the necessary and sufficient
conditions for change.
Adlerian counseling focuses on the family constellation and the influence of the family
on the individual.
Behavior therapy has been shown to be effective in the prevention and treatment of
cardiovascular disease.
Person-centered expressive arts therapy can be used in both group and individual
contexts.
Ellis claims that his methods are applicable to individual therapy but that his approach
does not work well in group therapy.
Acceptance and commitment therapy is not a mindfulness based approach.
Carl Rogers encouraged counselors to use caring confrontations with their clients.
According to Carl Rogers, personality change occurs only when clients develop insight
into the origin of their personality problems.
Adlerian views of birth order and family constellation are highly relevant to individuals
from all cultural contexts.
Overemphasizing cultural differences is always appropriate in a counseling context.
From a family systems perspective, an individual’s dysfunctional behavior grows out of
the interactional unit of the family as well as the larger community and societal
systems.
Modernists believe in objective reality and assume that it can be observed and
systematically known through the scientific method.
Reality therapists believe in a biological basis for mental illness.
The person-centered model has been widely adapted to include such areas as family
therapy, crisis counseling and classroom education.
Reality therapy is based on choice theory and focuses on the client assuming
responsibility in the present.
Gendercentric theories propose two separate paths of development for women and men.