When Adler spoke of individuality, he referred to:
a. the unique way we rewrite our own life script.
b. the unique way we deal with the crises of our development.
c. the unique way we confront our unfinished business.
d. the unique way we develop our own style of striving for competence.
A ______________ is an organized map, or diagram, that demonstrates one’s family
over three generations.
a. life style assessment
b. behavioral assessment
c. schema
d. technique known as “The Miracle Question”
e. genogram
Beck’s cognitive therapy differs from Ellis’s REBT in that Beck’s approach emphasizes:
a. more of a Socratic dialogue.
b. helping clients to discover their misconceptions by themselves.
c. working with the client in collaborative ways.
d. more structure in the therapy process.
e. all of these
Both feminist therapists and postmodern therapists tend to view diagnosis as it is
traditionally done:
a. as an appropriate part of counseling sessions.
b. as generally helpful to women clients.
c. as an essential part of the medical model they follow.
d. as often oppressive and ignoring of societal contexts.
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) shame-attacking exercises, (b) the internal dialogue exercise (c) the reversal
technique, (d) the rehearsal experiment, (e) the exaggeration experiment
Of the following, what would the Gestalt therapist be most likely to pay attention to in a
therapy session?
a. thought patterns
b. nonverbal cues
c. contact and resistance to contact
d. evidences of irrational thinking and faulty assumptions
e. both (b) and (c)
Which of the following statements is not true about Alfred Adler?
a. He created child guidance clinics.
b. His early childhood was happy.
c. He worked with Freud for at least eight years.
d. He had much to say about child-rearing practices.
Who developed a cognitive behavioral program for diet and maintenance and has
written trade books about this topic?
a. Albert Ellis
b. Robert Wubbolding
c. Gerald Corey
d. Judith Beck
e. Donald Meichenbaum
Which of the following is not considered a basic dimension of the human condition?
a. capacity for self-awareness
b. striving for acceptance of others
c. establishing meaningful relationships with others
d. freedom and responsibility
e. anxiety as a condition of living
In acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), another way to describe the term
“acceptance” is:
a. resignation.
b. nonjudgmental awareness.
c. tolerance.
d. approval.
According to Meichenbaum, the first step in the change process involves:
a. learning the A-B-C model of disputing irrational thinking.
b. learning a new dialogue.
c. observing one’s behavior and thinking patterns.
d. learning coping skills.
e. discovering insight into the cause of one’s problem.
From a scientific perspective, existential psychotherapy:
a. is well researched.
b. lends itself easily to evaluation due to its clearly defined principles and techniques.
c. fits well into the framework of evidence-based practice.
d. none of these.
In working with a triangulated relationship, Bowen would be inclined to place primary
emphasis on:
a. joining the family.
b. engaging in personal self-disclosure to build trust.
c. maintaining a stance of neutrality.
d. siding with one member involved in the triangle.
e. identifying behavioral goals to guide the therapy.
In the book Staring at the Sun: Overcoming the Terror of Death (2008),
________________develops the idea that confronting death enables us to live in a more
compassionate way.
a. Martin Buber
b. Justin Bieber
c. Irvin Yalom
d. Stephen King
e. Ludwig Binswanger
A person with a __________ personality disorder is characterized by instability,
irritability, self-destructive acts, impulsive anger, and extreme mood shifts. This person
is lacking a clear sense of identity, has poor impulse control, and an inability to tolerate
anxiety.
a. narcissistic
b. dependent
c. borderline
d. obsessive-compulsive
Which of the following is not true about the most recent trends in person-centered
therapy?
a. It could be referred to as holistic therapy.
b. Acceptance and clarification are the main techniques used.
c. It emphasizes an increased involvement of the therapist as a person.
d. It allows the therapist greater freedom to be active in the therapeutic relationship.
e. The therapist is encouraged to bring his or her values to the therapeutic relationship.
The creation of the self, which dominated the modernist search for human essence and
truth:
a. is being replaced by postmodernists with the concept of socially storied lives.
b. is also a key concept of the postmodern approaches.
c. is more relevant in the narrative approach than it is in solution-oriented therapy.
d. has proven to be completely irrelevant to all counselors and therapists practicing
today.
The main function of the ego is:
a. to inhibit id impulses.
b. to seek pleasure in life.
c. to mediate between the instincts and the surrounding environment.
d. to strive for perfection.
For people who experience difficulty in expressing what they think and feel, which
behavioral technique would be most appropriate?
a. relaxation training
b. assertion training
c. operant conditioning
d. systematic desensitization
The systems perspective implies:
a. individuals are autonomous and independent of their families.
b. the external environment is the most powerful influence on an individual’s
development.
c. individuals are best understood through the context of their role in their family.
d. systematic intervention is required to deconstruct an unhealthy family interaction
pattern.
Reality therapy is based on which of the following orientations to understanding human
behavior?
a. radical behaviorism
b. psychoanalytic
c. existential-phenomenological
d. deterministic
e. person-centered theory
In vivo flooding consists of:
a. brief and graduated series of exposures to feared events.
b. intense and prolonged exposure to the actual anxiety-producing stimuli.
c. imagined exposure to fearful experiences paired with muscle relaxation.
d. guided use of mindfulness techniques.
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) experiential therapy, (b) existential therapy, (c) person-centered therapy, (d) Gestalt
therapy, (e) postmodern approaches
Individuals who display exhibitionistic traits, seek attention and admiration from others,
and are extremely self-absorbed might have which of the following personality
disorders?
a. narcissistic
b. dependent
c. borderline
d. obsessive-compulsive
Which theorist stressed the view that universal feelings of inferiority and a striving for
power are basic components of personality development?
a. Carl Rogers
b. Alfred Adler
c. Albert Ellis
d. Aaron Beck
e. Salvador Minuchin
Which of the following techniques is a strategic family therapist least likely to use?
a. asking about attempted solutions to a problem
b. directives
c. family sculpting
d. reframing
e. paradoxical interventions
Which of the following is not a method of increasing effectiveness in working with
diverse client populations?
a. Learn about how your own cultural background has influenced your thinking and
behaving.
b. Realize that practicing from a multicultural perspective will probably make your job
very difficult.
c. Be flexible in applying techniques with clients.
d. Identify your basic assumptions pertaining to diversity.
e. Pay attention to the common ground that exists among people of diverse
backgrounds.
The feminist perspectives on the development of personality:
a. encompass the diversity and complexity of women’s lives.
b. attend to the ways in which diversity influences self-structures.
c. recognize the inextricable connection between internal and external worlds.
d. acknowledge the political and social oppression of women.
e. all of these
Effective psychotherapy is a practice in which:
a. the therapist solves problems for clients.
b. the therapist is merely a skilled technician.
c. the client and therapist collaborate in co-constructing solutions to problems.
d. the client is in complete control of the direction of the therapy.
Assessing the appropriateness of hierarchical structure in the family is important in
which of the following approaches?
a. Bowenian family therapy
b. human validation process model
c. structural family therapy
d. strategic family therapy
e. both (a) and (c)
Logotherapy is a branch of this approach.
a. cognitive behavior therapy
b. Adlerian therapy
c. behavior therapy
d. existential therapy
e. family systems therapy
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) totalizing descriptions, (b) paradoxical directive, (c) problem-saturated story, (d)
dominant story, (e) building an audience
To a large degree, cognitive therapy is:
a. an experiential model.
b. a psychoeducational model.
c. a psychodynamic model.
d. based on principles borrowed from Gestalt therapy.
Cognitive behavioral group therapy stresses the importance of homework outside of the
therapy session.
In postmodern thinking, language and the use of language in stories create meaning.
One Adlerian concept is that everything we do is influenced by our style of life.
Both Linehan and Lazurus emphasize the importance of the therapeutic relationship in
behavioral treatments.
Feminist therapists restrict their practices to women clients.
Commitment puts the responsibility directly on clients for changing.
Carl Rogers’s original emphasis was on reflection of feelings expressed by the client.
Existential therapy grew out of a reaction to the limitations of both the psychoanalytic
and deterministic stance.
Historically, feminist psychotherapy groups were a vehicle for consciousness-raising.
Alfred Adler believed that what we are born with is not as important as what we choose
to do with the abilities and limitations we possess.
In experiential therapy, techniques are secondary to the relationship that the therapist is
able to establish with the family.
The role of the strategic therapist involves being in charge of the session.
Rational-emotive imagery involves teaching relaxation techniques.
Since Gestalt therapy focuses on the here-and-now, the past is neither explored nor
given emphasis.
Clo Madanes developed conjoint family therapy.
Albert Bandura is credited with originally developing the progressive relaxation
procedure.
The analysis of transference is a central technique in psychoanalysis.
The main focus of family therapy is on past interactions and past conflicts as the best
way to understand the dynamics of the family system.
The Gestalt approach to dream work consists of the therapist interpreting the meaning
of the symbols in the dream.
Families are multilayered systems that both affect and are affected by the larger systems
in which they are embedded.