The main goal of Gestalt therapy is:
a. teaching clients how to replace dysfunctional thinking with constructive thinking.
b. the restoration of awareness.
c. teaching clients how to make specific behavioral action plans.
d. the elimination of disabling symptoms.
e. both (c) and (d).
Clients place more value on ________________than on ___________________
a. the personality of the therapist; the specific techniques used.
b. the specific techniques used; the personality of the therapist.
c. the therapist’s theoretical orientation; the quality of the services being provided.
d. the aesthetics of the therapeutic setting; the personality of the therapist.
To what does the term “cognitive triad” refer?
a. Aaron Beck coined the term to refer to himself and two other cognitive-oriented
theorists, Ellis and Meichenbaum, who have revolutionized the field of counseling.
b. It refers to the three generations of Becks (Aaron, his daughter Judith, and his
grandchild who is a social worker specializing in cognitive therapy).
c. It is a pattern that triggers depression.
d. It is a cognitive behavioral intervention.
According to Glasser, change occurs when:
a. we change our attitudes.
b. we release pent-up feelings dating back from childhood.
c. we acquire insight into why we are behaving the way we are.
d. we recognize and act on the reality that our behavior is the result of our choices.
e. none of the above
Which statement is not true?
a. Behavioral and humanistic approaches cannot be reconciled.
b. Current behavior therapy is grounded on a deterministic view of persons.
c. Behavioral methods can be used to attain humanistic ends.
d. Contemporary behavior therapy focuses on how people are determined by their social
and cultural environments.
e. Contemporary behavior therapy is increasingly concerned with behavioral control.
Which of the following is not true about role playing in REBT?
a. It is a way of surfacing unfinished business.
b. It involves emotional components.
c. It involves behavioral components.
d. It helps pinpoint irrational beliefs.
e. It allows the client to work through underlying irrational beliefs.
Repeating interpretations of a client’s behavior and overcoming his/her resistance,
allowing the client to resolve his/her neurotic patterns is called:
a. redundant interpretation.
b. wearing down.
c. working through.
d. transference absorption.
e. projective identification.
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) person-centered therapy, (b) feminist therapy, (c) Gestalt therapy, (d) existential
therapy, (e) experiential therapies
What perspective calls for feminist theory to include an analysis of multiple identities
and their relationship to oppression?
a. postmodern feminism
b. lesbian feminism
c. radical feminism
d. cultural feminism
e. liberal feminism
Ruth and John are often not able to discuss emotionally charged issues in their
relationship. At different times, most of their discussions focus on one of their children.
This illustrates:
a. a triangular process.
b. a struggle to achieve autonomy.
c. a process of separation and individuation.
d. a healthy way of dealing with problems.
e. a process of working through transference.
Which of the following is true about “technical eclecticism” in multimodal therapy?
a. Therapists borrow techniques exclusively from the social learning model.
b. Therapists use techniques from various theoretical models without subscribing to the
theory.
c. The client is fit into a predetermined treatment.
d. It is considered confusing to the client.
e. It essentially gives therapists permission to use techniques and strategies in a
haphazard and sloppy manner.
Existential therapy groups are particularly helpful for clients working on:
a. self-actualization.
b. issues of responsibility.
c. reducing problematic behaviors.
d. exploring family dynamics.
Very young children develop______________, which are internalizations of the gender
roles perpetuated in a sexist society.
a. gender schemas
b. gender maps
c. gender complexes
d. sexist identities
One of the limitations of the person-centered approach is that:
a. its has not been subjected to rigorous research.
b. it is not grounded in personality theory.
c. therapists use vigorous confrontation methods.
d. there can be a tendency to give too much support and not enough challenge.
In working with Stan, a solution-focused therapist would most likely utilize the
following technique:
a. bibliotherapy
b. assertiveness training
c. cognitive restructuring
d. exception questions
e. the empty chair
Problem descriptions and goal identification, typical day, the child interview and goal
disclosure are techniques used in:
a. multigenerational family therapy.
b. strategic family therapy.
c. social constructionist therapy.
d. Adlerian family therapy.
e. experiential family therapy.
Which of the following is not true about Gestalt techniques?
a. “Exercises” are ready-made techniques.
b. “Experiments” grow out of the interaction between therapist and client.
c. Clients need to be prepared for their involvement in Gestalt techniques.
d. Experiments are always carried out during the therapy session, rather than outside it.
e. Techniques are used for the purpose of increasing the client’s awareness.
Which of the following is a recent trend in behavior therapy?
a. decreased attention to the therapeutic relationship
b. incorporation of mindfulness approaches and techniques
c. decreasing emphasis on specificity of goals
d. incorporation of dream work into treatments
e. both (c) and (d)
Which of the following approaches to therapy is best suited for helping people to create
an alternative life story?
a. narrative therapy
b. psychoanalytic therapy
c. person-centered therapy
d. Adlerian therapy
e. behavior therapy
Which family systems theorist used the term super reasonable to describe a position
that is adopted to maintain control of one’s messy or painful emotions?
a. Monica McGoldrick
b. Betty Carter
c. Virginia Satir
d. Murray Bowen
e. Salvador Minuchin
Which approach would provide the most techniques in helping Ruth manage stress,
become more assertive, and learn to relax?
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. behavior therapy
c. existential therapy
d. Adlerian therapy
e. person-centered therapy
Which one of the following approaches to therapy would pay the least attention to
Stan’s thought processes?
a. rational emotive behavior therapy
b. Adlerian therapy
c. Gestalt therapy
d. reality therapy
e. cognitive-behavioral therapies
Which stage is not included in Meichenbaum’s model for stress inoculation training?
a. the conceptual-educational phase
b. the cognition deconstruction phase
c. the skills acquisition and consolidation phase
d. the application and follow-through phase
The opposite of a differentiated self is experienced as:
a. emotional reactivity.
b. the integration of one’s various parts.
c. movement toward self-actualization.
d. attunement with others.
Under what circumstances should a therapist consult with colleagues or specialists?
a. when a client complains of physical symptoms
b. when facing an ethical problem
c. when working with a client for an extended period of time and losing objectivity
d. all of these
All of the following are key characteristics of contemporary reality therapy except for:
a. There is a focus on talking about symptoms that bring a client into therapy.
b. Emphasis is on choice and responsibility.
c. There is a rejection of the notion of transference.
d. Therapy is kept in the present.
e. Clients are helped to get connected or reconnected with the people they have chosen
to put in their quality world.
Self psychology and object-relations theory stress:
a. the influence of critical factors in early development on later development.
b. the differentiation between and integration of the self and others.
c. the importance of the family constellation and early memories.
d. the striving for superiority based on inferiority feelings.
e. both (a) and (b)
One item in the series of five does not fit with the other four items. Identify the word or
phrase that does not fit with the rest of the series.
(a) Arnold Lazarus, (b) Murray Bowen, (c) Virginia Satir, (d) Carl Whitaker, (e)
Salvador Minuchin
The client’s core experience in Adlerian therapy consists of:
a. working through the transference relationship.
b. discovering their basic mistakes and then learning how to correct them.
c. understanding how their relationship with their parents has shaped their personality.
d. understanding how their birth order has determined the person who they are today.
This approach elicits behavior change by helping clients to explore and resolve their
ambivalence and increase their intrinsic motivation.
a. mindfulness
b. motivational interviewing
c. Gestalt therapy
d. psychoanalytic therapy
e. solution-focused therapy
A contribution of the existential approach is:
a. the freedom of both the client and therapist to be creative during the therapy sessions.
b. the specific and precise goals of treatment.
c. the development of a specific set of techniques.
d. the wide applicability for lower-functioning clients.
e. the standardization of the approach.
According to feminist therapists, an intrapsychic orientation tends to result in blaming
the victim.
According to Haley, who the therapist is as a person is far more important than specific
intervention techniques.
According to reality therapists, we are not born blank slates waiting to be externally
motivated by forces in the world around us.
Part of success in using Gestalt techniques is contingent upon preparing clients for these
techniques.
In Gestalt therapy, a client’s resistance is welcomed and used to deepen their therapeutic
work.
Narrative therapy is not well-suited to multicultural counseling.
Assessment is not considered useful in the family systems perspective.
Existential therapy is rarely used for group treatment.
A diagnosis provides a working hypothesis that guides the practitioner in understanding
the client.
The Adlerian approach has a wide variety of applications including group and family
therapy.
The Freudian view of human nature is deterministic.
Behavior therapy has undergone important changes and has expanded considerably.
Traditional theories of counseling consider external circumstances and environmental
factors at the root of psychological problems.
While there are few studies of SFBT, brief therapies have been shown to be effective.
According to Ellis, events themselves do not cause emotional disturbances; rather it is
our evaluation of these events that causes the problem.
For Adlerian counselors, techniques are helpful when adapted to the needs of the client.
Mindfulness involves judgment and careful evaluation of one’s thoughts.
Becoming an ethical practitioner is not a final destination but a journey that will
continue throughout your career.
“Fictional finalism” is a term that Adlerians use to describe our attitude in dealing with
the social world.
The core of reality therapy is developing a plan for change as a way of translating talk
into action.