Which group of children tends to grow faster and taller than their peers?
a. Southern European
b. African American
c. American Caucasian
d. Asian
Which of the following examples demonstrates procedural metacognition?
a. using seriation to organize blocks according to their sizes.
b. pausing to make a mental summary of a complex section of text.
c. sharpening your pencil before school starts every day.
d. memorizing the names of all state capitals.
Mr. Morrison makes an effective accommodation for Caleb, who has attention
deficit-hyperactive disorder (ADHD), when he:
a. encourages Caleb to listen to his favorite music while working his geometry
problems.
b. suggests that Caleb take advantage of his short attention span and switch back and
forth between geometry and English assignments.
c. provides both written and oral step-by-step directions for completing the geometry
assignment.
d. assigns easier geometry problems to Caleb and more challenging problems to the
other students in the class.
Shauna, a preschooler, is objectively describing her _____, or how others might see her.
a. personal agency
b. I-self
c. me-self
d. subjective self-evaluation
How does brain size at age 5 compare to an adult’s brain size?
a. 60%
b. 90%
c. 25%
d. 40%
Tamara has become very involved in her community environmental group. She can
envision and describe a world that is based completely on renewable and clean energy.
Her ability to think about the future and what might be possible is an example of:
a. sociocultural cognition.
b. science fiction.
c. metacognition.
d. hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
Jamel is an African American adolescent who has experienced discrimination at his
high school. He is in the minority at school and feels that teachers are unfair in helping
White kids more than Black kids. White kids make derogatory comments about his
ancestry. His mom and his brother didn’t do well in school, and they don”t expect him
to excel either. Jamel decided as a young adolescent that he didn’t even want to try at
school; he doesn”t want to be like those White kids. Jamel’s attitude is an example of:
a. psychosocial adjustment
b. social deflection
c. oppositional identity
d. assimilation
Which of the following describes a medical breakthrough that has greatly reduced
prenatal diseases and fetal abnormalities?
a. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) to detect blood-borne conditions.
b. Microarrays that detect DNA irregularities.
c. In utero medical and surgical techniques.
d. Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT).
Ms. Papadou was very concerned when she saw her daughter intentionally elbow
another child on the soccer field. She did the right thing by:
a. not over-reacting and deciding to confront the behavior only if she saw a pattern
develop.
b. pointing out her daughter’s positive behavior and ignoring the elbow incident.
c. confronting the behavior as soon as possible and explaining why the behavior was
aggressive.
d. elbowing her daughter to demonstrate how it feels to have another person
intentionally do harm.
Although a challenging read for her, Gwendolyn tries to read The Jungle by Upton
Sinclair while she watches her favorite program on TV. Gwendolyn finds she is unable
to pay attention to the book and her television program at the same time. She didn’t
make as much progress as she hoped during the show. She kept shifting her focus
between the two ” watching her show and then reading a few pages, watching until the
next commercial and reading a few more pages. Gwendolyn’s experience illustrates:
a. executive function deficit
b. attention deficit
c. sequential multitasking
d. simultaneous multitasking
What is the basis for the 18th centruy view that children are inherently good rather than
inherently bad?
a. Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s view of children as noble savages
b. John Locke’s view of children as blank slates
c. Puritans’ view of children and original sin
d. Views of children as miniature adults
Which of the following activities is NOT recommended for ambulatory children with
cerebral palsy?
a. soccer
b. bicycling
c. softball
d. team basketball
Angelica is a 4-year-old with severe emotional and behavioral problems. What services,
if any, apply to her situation?
a. She does not qualify for support unless local nonprofits provide services.
b. She qualifies for federal funding established under IDEA.
c. She qualifies for local services through mental health organizations funded by IDEA.
d. She is eligible for services through her state’s Early Intervention System.
Researchers have found that children from a poverty stricken area of India:
a. showed less capacity for play compared to their wealthy friends.
b. showed more aggressive play because they had to fight for limited toys.
c. showed lower levels of spatial reasoning because they were less involved in
imaginative play compared to children from wealthier societies.
d. often relied more on imaginative play because they lacked toys and materials
designed for play.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, how much moderate to
vigorous exercise should children get during middle childhood?
a. 60 minutes per day
b. 20 minutes per day
c. 60 minutes per week
d. 200 minutes per week
Parents’ level of responsiveness to their child’s needs is referred to as
_________________________.
a. parental control
b. parent-centered
c. parental warmth
d. authoritarian parenting
Occupational therapy is one type of support that can help children with physical
disabilities succeed in school and improve their overall quality of life. How might
occupational therapy help Delores, a child with sensory impairment?
a. help the child increase flexibility in her limbs
b. help the child increase mobility
c. plan the child’s involvement in PE
d. help with eye-hand coordination
Melissa’s son has been diagnosed with autism. Possible cognitive causes include an
underdeveloped theory of mind. What processing difficulties is he most likely to
experience?
a. memorization of words and steps for problem solving.
b. automaticity.
c. production deficiency.
d. joint attention.
Miguel and his twin brother do not get the recommended amount of sleep for tenth
graders. They are active in sports and high academic achievers. They have football
practice after school, spend time with friends, and often do their homework late at
night. What would you suggest to help them deal with their schedules?
a. Use caffeine to stay alert during late night study sessions.
b. Take long naps on weekends and holidays to catch up on sleep.
c. Maintain regular sleep/wake times.
d. Sleep late on weekends to make up for lost sleep.
When she was younger, Celia didn’t care if her brother took one of the cookies out of
her bowl. Now she is old enough to recognize that it is unfair for him to eat his share
and take some of hers. At what age can children begin to understand the concept of
fairness (and evidence of the development of conscience)?
a. six
b. two
c. five
d. three
In their research on adolescents’ perceptions of mental health, Chandra and Minkovitz
found that:
a. their issues were really transitional issues and they did not need counseling.
b. to their surprise, the counseling they received was excellent and helped them solve
their problems.
c. the majority of adolescents who sought mental health services were dissatisfied with
the quality of care.
d. the majority of adolescents believed counseling was only for young people from
affluent neighborhoods and families.
William is a high school junior. Sometimes he seems normal and gets along with
everyone. At other times, he seems moody, irritable, and aggressive. Some days he is
very energetic and then suddenly acts depressed and withdrawn. William is probably
suffering from:
a. bipolar disorder
b. depressive disorder.
c. schizophrenia
d. executive function disorder
Adolescents tend to feel self-conscious about many aspects of their lives, but one aspect
is considered to be the predictor of overall self-worth. Which of the following
adolescents is most likely to rate the highest in self-worth?
a. Joe believes he is the best student in his science class.
b. Carson thinks his physical appearance is better than any of the other guys.
c. Monte sees himself as the most advanced reader in his school.
d. Stephano believes he is the best athlete on the football team.
Mr. LaGrange chose to enroll his child in Head Start because of the recent research
showing that children who attend Head Start:
a. increase their IQ by 19 points by age 5.
b. are more likely to increase their vocabulary by 30% or more.
c. are less likely to repeat a grade or be placed in special education.
d. increase their scores on standardized tests by 30% or more.
A doula is:
a. a nonpharmacologic method of pain relief.
b. a doctor trained to do in vitro surgeries.
c. a nurse qualified to perform deliveries by caesarean section.
d. a person trained in labor support.
Larinda’s newborn daughter was pink all over at birth, caughed when stimulated, flexed
her arms and legs actively, showed normal respiratory rater and effort, and had a heart
rate over 100 beats 0epr minute. What was he APGAR score?
a. 5 to 6
b. 18 to 20
c. 4 out of 5
d. 9 to 10
Tracy’s peers dislike her and don”t want to be around her at school. They say she is
aggressive and doesn”t know how to carry on a conversation without turning it into an
argument. Several of the other girls have labeled Tracy as weird. Based on the
categories of peer acceptance (from research of peer assessments), what category fits
Tracy’s profile?
a. controversial
b. neglected
c. avoided
d. rejected
Alex fluently speaks two languages. By age six he was a balanced bilingual. We know
that Alex is most likely to:
a. experience cognitive delays in areas of language development associated with
receptive vocabulary.
b. have a smaller vocabulary in each language compared to his monolingual peers.
c. have increased cognitive abilities such as advanced awareness of the structures of
language.
d. experience cognitive advances such as increased memory capacity and semiotic
function.
Renata is a Latina adolescent who hangs out with friends who share her ethnicity, but
she does not want to have anything to do with the other girls in her classes. She believes
they are snobs who cannot relate to her way of life. How is Renata’s ethnic identity
described according to Jean Phinney’s outcomes of ethnic identity exploration?
a. assimilation
b. marginal
c. separated
d. bicultural
Adolescence is the period of the lifespan with the:
a. highest rates of risky behaviors.
b. highest rates of onset diabetes.
c. lowest proportional amount of cognitive growth.
d. lowest amount of mood disorders.
Ms. Robertson tells her son that he cannot play on the computer tonight. She is quite
frustrated about her son’s temper tantrum in the grocery store. She told him, “If you do
that again, I will spank you.” Ms. Robertson is demonstrating what type of parental
discipline?
a. authoritative
b. inductive
c. power assertion
d. withdrawal of love
Which one of the following children is working within her zone of proximal
development?
a. Sopie tries to count to 100. She counts to three and then fills in number words at
random.
b. Cara tries to spell her name and gets stuck on the fourth letter until her sister prompts
her with a clue about the sound of the letter.
c. Paulina tries to ride a tricycle but her feet do not touch the pedals. Her dad gives her a
push and she rolls without pedaling.
d. Janet tries to sing play her favorite song on the piano. She places her hands on the
keyboard and hits keys with all fingers at once.
Researchers have found that one way to decrease the chance of SIDS (sudden infant
death syndrome) is to:
a. Wrap the infant in blankets for sleeping in the crib.
b. Place infants on their sides or tummies for sleeping in the crib.
c. Remove soft bedding, pillows, and soft toys from cribs.
d. Place infants in carriers for sleeping and playing.