Influences on socialization outcomes in child care settings include which of the
following?
a. Family socioeconomic status
b. Family structure
c. Parental educational level
d. All of these
Which of the following is true?
a. Social class membership begins exerting an influence only in the elementary school
years.
b. Social class membership begins exerting its influence before birth.
c. Social class affects individual outcome(s) only during the adult working years.
d. Social class has little effect on individual outcome(s).
Neighborhoods affect children’s
a. exposure to adult interactions.
b. friendship patterns.
c. types of play.
d. all of these.
Generally, children begin to form a self-concept around ______ months of age.
a. 6 to 9
b. 9 to 12
c. 12 to 15
d. 15 to 18
Children’s attitudes toward cultural groups can be influenced by
a. associating the groups with positive words.
b. associating the groups with negative words.
c. remarks made by friends.
d. all of these.
One in _________ children in the Unites States lives in poverty.
a. 3
b. 6
c. 10
d. 20
Scott spends much of his time watching TV instead of studying and doing his
homework. This is an example of the ____________________theory.
a. social cognitive
b. cultivation
c. motivation
d. displacement
Which of the following is not part of the microsystem?
a. School
b. Peer group
c. Family
d. Religion
Reciprocal interactions within peer groups begin at about the age of
a. 2 months.
b. 3 years.
c. 7 years.
d. 11 years.
After viewing violent scenes on television, young children are more willing to
a. engage in altruistic acts.
b. accept the aggressive behavior of other children.
c. listen and talk to each other.
d. all of these.
The microsystem in which children formally learn about their society is which of the
following?
a. Family
b. Peer group
c. School
d. Community
Isabel wants the children in her kindergarten to share their toys with each other at
greater frequency than they do now, particularly those who are resistant to the idea.
What is the best way for Isabel to get this to happen?
a. Tell the children to share, but don”t give explanations about why they should do it.
b. Take all the toys away.
c. Tell the children to be kind.
d. Model sharing for the children.
Group pressure is sometimes used by ethnic groups to
a. promote individualism.
b. control non-conforming behavior.
c. promote egocentric thought.
d. all of these.
Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act gave women and girls new opportunities
in schools. Title IX was passed in
a. 1910.
b. 1942.
c. 1972.
d. 1995.
Jane belongs to a group in which if one wants to participate in the group, one freely
accepts the rules. In Jane’s group, rules are imposed on oneself by oneself. Jane’s group
membership would be characterized as ascribing to which of the following?
a. Morality of cooperation.
b. Morality of constraint.
c. Morality of structure.
d. Authoritarian point of view
The day nurseries of the mid-19th century could best be described as
a. developmental.
b. custodial.
c. unnecessary.
d. limited to the upper class.
An adult tells a 6-year old to share a toy with a 4-year-old sibling. This is an example of
what kind of socialization?
a. Intentional
b. Unintentional
c. Private
d. Challenging
Values differ from attitudes in that values are
a. learned from socializing agents.
b. acquired by modeling others.
c. qualities or beliefs as opposed to tendencies to respond.
d. all of these.
Homogenous neighborhoods include people of _________ backgrounds, whereas
heterogeneous neighborhoods include people of _________ backgrounds.
a. differing; similar
b. similar; differing
c. urban; rural
d. religious; non-religious
According to Aries, children were treated as “miniature adults” during which historical
period?
a. Before the Renaissance
b. During the Industrial Revolution
c. In the 21stcentury
d. During the Great Depression
Schools using the Comer model are seen as an extension of the
a. family.
b. neighborhood.
c. Title IX Amendment.
d. church.
Socioeconomic status (SES) and ethnically diverse families fare comparably to
middle-class children when families do which of the following?
a. Create a home environment that encourages learning
b. Express high expectations for their children
c. Become involved in their children’s education at school and in the community
d. All of these
In a study by Adler and Adler (1998), a child was likely to be expelled from the group if
he or she
a. kicked, punched, or hit.
b. stood up for his or her rights against the dominant leaders.
c. engaged in criminal activity.
d. wore clothing similar to those in his or her group.
Theorists who emphasize how one comes to feel like a male or female are considering
gender according to
a. psychoanalytic theory.
b. social learning theory.
c. cognitive developmental theory.
d. rewards and punishments.
Rachael learned the cans at her school were being thrown away with the rest of the
trash. Rachael organized a campaign to make her school more earth-friendly by
dividing the trash into recyclable and non-recyclable materials. Rachael is
a. engaging in advocacy.
b. displaying egocentrism.
c. working on issues of intimacy vs. isolation.
d. showing a permissive style.
The ability to control one’s impulses, behavior, and/or emotions until an appropriate
time is available for expression is called
a. ambition.
b. self-regulation.
c. identity.
d. self-esteem.
Talking about the reasons why a child cannot do something is characteristic of
a. authoritative parents.
b. authoritarian parents.
c. permissive parents.
d. permissive teachers.
When an official makes a decision based on statistics related to poverty, he or she is
likely using which kind of indicator?
a. Economic circumstance
b. Behavior
c. Education
d. Housing
Families should be included in planning for children with special needs for which of the
following reasons?
a. Parents will likely be implementing some of the training at home.
b. Although parents have no valuable information themselves, it’s important for them to
hear what the teacher has to say.
c. The teacher already knows exactly what goes on in the home but needs to confirm it
with the parents.
d. The teacher will be the only one receiving training in how to best work with the
child.
Children are likely to imitate a model who is perceived as
a. cold.
b. having little prestige.
c. warm.
d. all of these.
Which leadership style results in a discounted, hostile, but productive group in the
classroom?
a. Authoritarian
b. Authoritative
c. Uninvolved
d. Laissez-faire
Compared to research examining single-parent mothers, _________ research has been
done on children being raised by single-parent fathers.
a. little
b. more longitudinal (research over time)
c. much
d. more comprehensive
According to Erikson, the major task of infancy is to develop a sense of
a. autonomy.
b. trust.
c. industry.
d. egocentrism.
According to Handel, Cahill, and Elkin (2007), socialization occurs
a. by means of communication.
b. through interactions with significant others.
c. in emotionally significant contexts.
d. all of these.
Compare and contrast the ways in which the formation of values and attitudes is
influenced similarly or differently by peers versus schools.
Answer:Answer not provided.
Mary is recently widowed and thinking about joining a church. Describe the kinds of
things religion might provide for Mary.
Answer:Answer not provided.
The science of interrelationships between organisms and their environments is termed
_________.
The family, school, and community are part of the _________, according to
Bronfenbrenner.
Describe what is meant by the term contagion, and write a short essay explaining why it
is of concern.
Answer:Answer not provided.
The IDEA requires _________ evaluations that are appropriate to a child’s background.
Regarding the study by Duncan and Magnuson (2005), describe the academic
achievement of disadvantaged children by income, education, family structure, and
neighborhood.
Answer:Answer not provided.
Qualities or beliefs that are viewed as desirable or important are called _________.
The German term for interpersonal relationships that are communal, cooperative, close,
intimate, and informal is _________.
An example of _____ achievement motivation is engaging in a task simply for the joy
of doing it.
According to Bronfenbrenner, a community’s school board is an example of a(n)
_________.
The five functions of a community are production, distribution, and consumption;
socialization; social control; social participation; and _________.
Using Karoly’s (1998) study as a base, write a persuasive argument for the continued
funding of Head Start and other similar programs.
Answer:Answer not provided.
The _________ refers to linkages and interrelationships between two or more of a
person’s microsystems.
Compare and contrast how the socialization experiences of children vary by the size of
the class.
Answer:Answer not provided.
Describe how adults help foster field-dependence and field-independence.
Answer:Answer not provided.
Living in harmony with nature would be stressed in a(n) _________ -context
macrosystem.
Parenting practices that consider the child’s age capacity; maintain reasonable
expectations; consider the child’s strengths, limitations, and needs; utilize a range of
acceptable disciplinary measures; provide care, nurturing, and support; and model
self-control are termed _________ .
Speaking or writing in support of a person, a group, or a cause is known as
_______________.
Physical damage or deterioration to the body is called _________.