Confidentiality must be breached and information must be reported by practitioners
when all of the following take place, except:
a. clients pose a danger to others.
b. a child under the age of 16 requests counseling sessions.
c. an older adult is being abused.
d. the therapist determines that the client needs immediate, involuntary hospitalization.
The purpose of examining a client’s family constellation is to:
a. get a picture of the individual’s early social world.
b. bring unconscious factors to the surface.
c. discover hereditary aspects of the client’s behavior.
d. determine who else in the family needs help.
Adler pioneered the practice of teaching professionals through live demonstrations with
parents and children before large audiences. This is now called:
a. “openforum” family counseling.
b. spectator therapy.
c. “on stage” family therapy.
d. “hot seat” family counseling.
In working with a triangulated relationship, Bowen would be inclined to place primary
emphasis on:
a. joining the family.
b. engaging in personal self-disclosure to build trust.
c. maintaining a stance of neutrality.
d. siding with one member involved in the triangle.
Effective counseling must take into account the impact of culture on the client’s
functioning, including the:
a. client’s expectations for possible vacation time from counseling.
b. client’s degree of acculturation.
c. attitudes these clients have about time off during counseling for their personal time.
d. messages clients received from their family members while attending counseling.
All of the following are procedures that are commonly used in reality therapy except:
a. exploring wants, needs, and perceptions.
b. exploring early recollections.
c. focusing on the present.
d. planning and commitment.
What do reality therapists believe about the use of questions?
a. They should rarely be used.
b. Relevant questions help clients gain insights and arrive at plans and solutions.
c. There is no such thing as excessive questioning; the more the better!
d. Closed questions are more helpful than open-ended questions.
In the book Staring at the Sun: Overcoming the Terror of Death (2008), develops the
idea that confronting death enables us to live in a more compassionate way.
a. Martin Buber
b. Justin Bieber
c. Irvin Yalom
d. Stephen King
All of the following are true about the superegoexcept:
a. it is the judicial branch of personality.
b. it is the internalization of the standards of parents and society.
c. it governs, controls and regulates the personality.
d. it inhibits id impulses.
According to Yalom, the concerns that make up the core of existential psychodynamics
include all of the following, except:
a. death.
b. freedom.
c. togetherness.
d. meaninglessness.
Which statement most closely reflects the philosophy of feminist therapy?
a. Feminist therapy depicts an accurate assessment of the psychosexual stages of
development.
b. Androcentricism, gendercentricism, and ethnocentricism are important bias-free
concepts of feminist therapy.
c. Constructs of feminist therapy include being gender-fair, flexible, interactionist, and
life-span oriented.
d. Feminist therapy encourages the use of the DSM to assess psychopathology.
Focusing on the_”protects” clients from facing the reality of unsatisfying present
relationships, and focusing on symptoms does the same thing.
a. past
b. present
c. future
d. therapist
In order for a therapist to communicate “accurate empathic understanding” the
counselor must:
a. have experienced a situation very similar to the client’s current predicament.
b. clarify details and facts relevant to the client’s experiences.
c. feel a deep sense of warmth toward the client.
d. connect emotionally to the client’s subjective world.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the person-centered approach?
a. The focus is on the phenomenological world of the client.
b. It is supported by evidence from ongoing research.
c. The client-centered approach emphasized the role of the therapist as a facilitator of
growth and honored the inherent power of the client.
d. Emphasis is given to developing a contract for therapy.
A major contribution of Bowen’s theory is the notion of:
a. birth order as a determinant of personality.
b. differentiation of the self.
c. family rules and communication patterns.
d. spontaneity, creativity, and play as therapeutic factors in family therapy.
Jacqueline feels guilty whenever she considers taking a day off from work for personal
reasons. Which of the psychic structures postulated by Freud is fueling her guilty
feelings?
a. The id
b. The ego
c. The superego
d. The consciousness
According to REBT, what is the core of most emotional disturbance?
a. Blame
b. Resentment
c. Rage
d. Unfinished business
Which of the following theorists emphasized the development of a nurturing triad?
a. Minuchin
b. Haley
c. Satir
d. Bowen
The Gestalt therapist:
a. freely makes interpretations for the client.
b. pays attention to the client’s nonverbal language.
c. is mainly nondirective.
d. helps the client understand why he or she is behaving in self-defeating ways.
In a group based on existential principles, clients learn all of the following, except:
a. that there are no ultimate answers for ultimate concerns.
b. to view themselves through others’ eyes.
c. to come to terms with the paradoxes of existence.
d. that pain is not a reality of the human experience.
Because of his need to be liked, Jose makes careful efforts to get along with everyone
and minimize interpersonal conflicts. Which boundary disturbance is Jose exhibiting?
a. Introjection
b. Projection
c. Retroflection
d. Confluence
According to the text, personal values of the counselor influence all of the following,
except:
a. our views of the goals of counseling.
b. the way we conduct client assessments.
c. the interventions we choose.
d. how the clients’ life progressed prior to treatment.
The techniques of joining, boundary setting, unbalancing, reframing, ordeals,
enactments, and paradoxical interventions are most likely to be part of which approach
to family therapy?
a. Bowenian family therapy
b. Adlerian family therapy
c. Structural-strategic family therapy
d. Strategic family therapy
The core of_model relied on the power of congruence to help family members
communicate with emotional honesty.
a. multigenerational family therapy
b. strategic family therapy
c. social constructionist therapy
d. human validation process
Marcus, a therapist in a community agency, recently divorced his wife and seems to be
harboring anger towards women in general. His colleagues, who have noticed a change
in his attitude and behavior lately, have encouraged him to seek personal counseling to
work through his issues. They are:
a. overreacting to his anger and are overstepping the boundaries by suggesting he go to
counseling.
b. unwise to suggest counseling since he will not benefit from it because he is a
therapist and already knows how to deal with his problems.
c. acting ethically by recommending counseling for Marcus; as counselors, they
recognize that personal issues that have not been worked through are likely to be
projected onto clients.
d. being unsupportive colleagues; since they are aware of his situation, they should
offer to provide counseling to him and not refer him to a professional outside of the
agency.
Which of the following is not considered an essential skill of an effective culturally
competent counselor?
a. Being able to modify techniques to accommodate cultural differences
b. Being able to send and receive both verbal and nonverbal messages accurately
c. Being able to get clients to intensify their feelings by helping them to vividly
reexperience early childhood events
d. Being willing to seek out educational, consultative, and training experiences to
enhance their ability to work with culturally diverse client populations
Which of the following is not true about Rollo May?
a. He is most responsible for translating European existentialism into American
psychotherapeutic theory and practice.
b. He focuses on the subjective dimension of therapy.
c. He is a significant spokesman for the existential approach in the United States.
d. He believes that we can only escape anxiety by exercising our freedom.
The outcomes of existential therapy have been submitted to rigorous empirical testing.
a. True
b. False
All of the following are functions of the behavior therapist, except:
a. to provide modeling for the client.
b. to provide a direct and therapist run therapeutic environment.
c. to assess specific behavior problems.
d. to provide reinforcement for clients.
Who has done most of the work in the area of modeling?
a. Joseph Wolpe
b. Hans Eysenck
c. E. Jacobson
d. Albert Bandura